Iraq Survey Group Final Report

Delivery Systems

Delivery Systems				Key Findings	1
	Evolution of Iraq's Delivery Systems		3
		The Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline	3
		Ambition (1980-91)	3
		Decline (1991-96)	4
		Recovery (1996-98)	5
		Miscalculation (2002-2003)	7
	Resolving the Retained Scud-Variant Missile Question		9
	Liquid-Propellant Missile Developments		9
		Al Samud II	10
		Al Samud Warhead	14
		Al Samud II Warhead	16
	Solid-Propellant Missile Developments		17
	Al Fat'h Missile Program		17
		Background	17
		General Characteristics	18
		Propulsion	18
		Guidance and Control	19
		Warhead	21
		Testing	25
		Material Balance	25
		Conclusions	28
	Al 'Ubur Missile Program		28
		Background	28
		Propulsion	29
		Guidance and Control	29
		Warhead	30
		Testing	30
		Conclusions	30
		Other Composite Solid-Propellant Systems	30
		Long-Range Ballistic Missile Projects	31
	Clustering SA-2/Volga Engines Designs		31
	SA-2 Conversions to Surface-to-Surface Missiles		35
	Large-Diameter Solid-Propellant Missile Project		35
		Program Development	35
	New Cruise Missile Projects		37
		HY-2 Range Extension	37
		Propulsion System	39
		Warhead	39
		Guidance and Control	39
		Conclusions	39
	The Jinin [Jenin] Project		39
		Propulsion System	40
		Warhead	41
		Guidance and Control	41
		Conclusions	41
	Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPVs)		41
		Brief History	42
	MiG-21 RPV		42
		Background	42
		Roles and Missions	44
	L-29 RPV (Al Bay'ah)		44
		Background	44
		Roles and Missions	44
	Huwaysh's Accounting of the L-29 RPV Program		45
		Conclusions	46
	Al Yamamah Project		46
		Background	46
	Ibn-Firnas UAVs		47
		Background	47
		Characteristics	47
		Missions	48
		Foreign Assistance	48
		Conclusions	51
	Al Quds UAV Program		52
		Background	52
		Characteristics	55
		Missions	55
		Conclusions	56
	Procurement Supporting Iraq's Delivery Systems		56
	Infrastructure Improvements and Technology Developments		67
	Static Test-Firing Facilities		67
	Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor Case Manufacture		67
	Propellant Production		67
	Solid-Propellant Motor Casting Chambers		68
	Production of Solid-Propellant Ingredients		68
	Propellant Research		68
	Graphite Technology		69
	Carbon Fiber Filament Winding		69
	Ceramic Warhead Effort?		70
	Proscribed Activities		70
	Violations of United Nations Sanctions and Resolutions		71
	Equipment Restoration.		71
	Undeclared Activities		72
	Role of the MTCR		74
Annexes
A. Resolving the Retained Scud-Variant Missile Question			77
B. Liquid-Propellant Missile Developments			95
C. Solid-Propellant Missile Developments			115
D. People			123

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Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

Iraq Survey Group Final Report

Delivery Systems

Annexes