Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) Facility (DOE/EIS-0228)
Table of Contents
- ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
- CHAPTER 1
- 1.1 OVERVIEW
- 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS EIS
- 1.3 ALTERNATIVES ANALYZED
- 1.4 LAWS AND REGULATIONS
- 1.5 PUBLIC REVIEW OF DRAFT EIS
- 1.6 MAJOR CHANGES, DRAFT TO FINAL DARHT EIS
- 1.6.1 Phased Containment Option
- 1.6.2 Mexican Spotted Owl
- 1.6.3 Upgraded Accelerator Equipment
- 1.6.4 Stockpile Stewardship and Management PEIS
- 1.6.5 Unclassified Impacts for the Classified Supplement
- 1.6.6 Other Changes
- 1.7 NEXT STEPS
- 1.8 REFERENCE CITED IN CHAPTER 1
- CHAPTER 2
- 2.1 OVERVIEW
- 2.2 POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
- 2.2.1 Nuclear Deterrence
- 2.2.2 Stockpile Stewardship and Management
- 2.3 NEED FOR ENHANCED RADIOGRAPHIC CAPABILITY
- 2.3.1 Assessing Weapons Safety, Performance, and Reliability
- 2.3.2 Evaluating Aging Weapons
- 2.3.3 Dynamic Experiments with Plutonium
- 2.3.4 Other Needs
- 2.4 LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING FACILITIES
- 2.5 NONPROLIFERATION
- 2.6 RELATIONSHIP OF THE DARHT EIS
- 2.7 REFERENCES CITED IN CHAPTER 2
- CHAPTER 3
- 3.1 OVERVIEW
- 3.2 PROPOSED ACTION
- 3.3 CONSIDERATIONS COMMON TO ALL ALTERNATIVES
- 3.3.1 Hydrodynamic Tests
- 3.3.2 Dynamic Experiments
- 3.3.3 Infrastructure Requirements
- 3.3.4 Flash X-Ray Facility
- 3.3.5 Radiographic Support Laboratory
- 3.3.6 Site Description
- 3.3.7 Development of Operating Procedures
- 3.3.8 Waste Management
- 3.3.9 Decontamination and Decommissioning
- 3.4 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE
- 3.4.1 Facility
- 3.4.2 Operations
- 3.5 DARHT BASELINE ALTERNATIVE
- 3.5.1 Facility
- 3.5.2 Operations
- 3.6 UPGRADE PHERMEX ALTERNATIVE
- 3.6.1 Facility
- 3.6.2 Operations
- 3.7 ENHANCED CONTAINMENT ALTERNATIVE
- 3.7.1 Facility
- 3.7.1.1 Containment Vessels
- 3.7.1.2 Containment Building
- 3.7.1.3 Vessel Cleanout Facility
- 3.7.2 Operations
- 3.7.2.1 Vessel Containment Option
- 3.7.2.2 Building Containment Option
- 3.7.2.3 Phased Containment Option (Preferred Alternative)
- 3.7.2.3.1 Phase 1 _ Demonstration (5 Years)
- 3.7.2.3.2 Phase 2 _ Containment (5 Years)
- 3.7.2.3.3 Phase 3 _ Enhanced Containment (Remainder of Facility Lifetime)
- 3.8 PLUTONIUM EXCLUSION ALTERNATIVE
- 3.8.1 Facility
- 3.8.2 Operations
- 3.9 SINGLE AXIS ALTERNATIVE
- 3.9.1 Facility
- 3.9.2 Operations
- 3.10 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT NOT ANALYZED IN DETAIL
- 3.10.1 Alternative Sites
- 3.10.1.1 Single Site
- 3.10.1.2 Multi-Site
- 3.10.2 Alternative Location at LANL
- 3.10.3 Alternative Types of Facilities
- 3.10.4 Consolidation
- 3.10.5 FXR
- 3.10.6 Alternative Types of Tests
- 3.10.7 Relinquishing Reliability of the Nuclear Stockpile
- 3.10.8 Weapons Design
- 3.10.9 No Hydrodynamic Testing Alternative
- 3.10.10 Other Programmatic Alternatives
- 3.10.11 Other Mission Alternatives
- 3.11 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES
- 3.12 REFERENCES CITED IN CHAPTER 3
- CHAPTER 4
- 4.1 LAND RESOURCES
- 4.1.1 Land Use
- 4.1.2 Visual Resources
- 4.1.3 Regional Recreation
- 4.2 AIR QUALITY AND NOISE
- 4.2.1 Meteorology and Climatology
- 4.2.2 Severe Weather
- 4.2.3 Atmospheric Dispersion
- 4.2.4 Air Quality
- 4.2.5 Air Monitoring
- 4.2.6 Noise
- 4.3 GEOLOGY AND SOILS
- 4.3.1 Geology
- 4.3.2 Structure and Stratigraphy
- 4.3.3 Soils
- 4.3.4 Site Stability
- 4.4 WATER RESOURCES
- 4.4.1 Surface Water
- 4.4.2 Ground Water
- 4.4.3 Water Monitoring
- 4.5 BIOTIC RESOURCES
- 4.5.1 Terrestrial Resources
- 4.5.2 Wetlands
- 4.5.3 Aquatic Resources
- 4.5.4 Threatened and Endangered Species
- 4.6 CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES
- 4.6.1 Prehistoric Archeological Resources
- 4.6.2. Historical Resources
- 4.6.3. Native American Cultural Resources
- 4.6.4 Paleontological Resources
- 4.7 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
- 4.7.1 Demographic Characteristics
- 4.7.2 Economic Base
- 4.7.3 Community Infrastructure and Social Services
- 4.7.4 Environmental Justice
- 4.8 RADIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT
- 4.8.1 Regional Environment
- 4.8.1.1 Radiological
- 4.8.1.2 Chemical
- 4.8.2 Local Environment
- 4.8.2.1 Radiological
- 4.8.2.2 Chemical
- 4.9 HISTORY OF ACCIDENTS AT PHERMEX
- 4.10 REFERENCES CITED IN CHAPTER 4
- CHAPTER 5
- 5.1 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE
- 5.1.1 Land Resources
- 5.1.1.1 Land Use
- 5.1.1.2 Visual Resources
- 5.1.1.3 Regional Recreation
- 5.1.2 Air Quality and Noise
- 5.1.2.1 Air Quality
- 5.1.2.1.1 Construction
- 5.1.2.1.2 Operations
- 5.1.2.2 Noise
- 5.1.3 Geology and Soils
- 5.1.3.1 Geology
- 5.1.3.2 Seismic
- 5.1.3.3 Soils
- 5.1.4 Water Resources
- 5.1.4.1 Surface Water
- 5.1.4.2 Ground Water
- 5.1.5 Biotic Resources
- 5.1.5.1 Terrestrial Resources
- 5.1.5.1.1 Construction Impacts
- 5.1.5.1.2 Operation Impacts
- 5.1.5.2 Wetlands
- 5.1.5.3 Aquatic Resources
- 5.1.5.4 Threatened and Endangered Species
- 5.1.6 Cultural and Paleontological Resources
- 5.1.6.1 Archeological Resources
- 5.1.6.2 Historical Resources
- 5.1.6.3 Native American Resources
- 5.1.6.4 Paleontological Resources
- 5.1.7 Socioeconomics and Community Services
- 5.1.7.1 Demographic Characteristics
- 5.1.7.2 Economic Activities
- 5.1.7.3 Community Infrastructure and Services
- 5.1.7.4 Environmental Justice
- 5.1.8 Human Health
- 5.1.8.1 Public
- 5.1.8.1.1 Radiological Impacts
- 5.1.8.1.2 Nonradiological Impacts
- 5.1.8.2 Noninvolved Workers
- 5.1.8.3 Workers
- 5.1.9 Facility Accidents
- 5.1.9.1 Public
- 5.1.9.2 Noninvolved Workers
- 5.1.9.3 Workers
- 5.1.10 Waste Management
- 5.1.11 Monitoring and Mitigation
- 5.1.11.1 Monitoring
- 5.1.11.2 Mitigation
- 5.1.12 Decontamination and Decommissioning
- 5.2 DARHT BASELINE ALTERNATIVE
- 5.2.1 Land Resources
- 5.2.1.1 Land Use
- 5.2.1.2 Visual Resources
- 5.2.1.3 Regional Recreation
- 5.2.2 Air Quality and Noise
- 5.2.2.1 Air Quality
- 5.2.2.1.1 Construction
- 5.2.2.1.2 Operations
- 5.2.2.2 Noise
- 5.2.3 Geology and Soils
- 5.2.3.1 Geology
- 5.2.3.2 Seismic
- 5.2.3.3 Soils
- 5.2.4 Water Resources
- 5.2.4.1 Surface Water
- 5.2.4.2 Ground Water
- 5.2.5 Biotic Resources
- 5.2.5.1 Terrestrial Resources
- 5.2.5.1.1 Construction Impacts
- 5.2.5.1.2 Operation Impacts
- 5.2.5.2 Wetlands
- 5.2.5.3 Aquatic Resources
- 5.2.5.4 Threatened and Endangered Species
- 5.2.6 Cultural and Paleontological Resources
- 5.2.6.1 Archeological Resources
- 5.2.6.1.1 Construction
- 5.2.6.1.2 Operations
- 5.2.6.2 Historical Resources
- 5.2.6.3 Native American Resources
- 5.2.6.4 Paleontological Resources
- 5.2.7 Socioeconomic and Community Services
- 5.2.7.1 Demographic Characteristics
- 5.2.7.2 Economic Activities
- 5.2.7.3 Community Infrastructure and Services
- 5.2.7.4 Environmental Justice
- 5.2.8 Human Health
- 5.2.9 Facility Accidents
- 5.2.10 Waste Management
- 5.2.11 Monitoring and Mitigation
- 5.2.11.1 Monitoring
- 5.2.11.2 Mitigation
- 5.2.12 Decontamination and Decommissioning
- 5.3 UPGRADE PHERMEX ALTERNATIVE
- 5.3.1 Land Resources
- 5.3.2 Air Quality and Noise
- 5.3.2.1 Air Quality
- 5.3.2.2 Noise
- 5.3.3 Geology and Soils
- 5.3.4 Water Resources
- 5.3.5 Biotic Resources
- 5.3.6 Cultural and Paleontological Resources
- 5.3.7 Socioeconomic and Community Services
- 5.3.8 Human Health
- 5.3.9 Facility Accidents
- 5.3.10 Waste Management
- 5.3.11 Monitoring and Mitigation
- 5.3.12 Decontamination and Decommissioning
- 5.4 ENHANCED CONTAINMENT ALTERNATIVE
- 5.4.1 Land Resources
- 5.4.1.1 Land Use
- 5.4.1.2 Visual Resources
- 5.4.1.3 Regional Recreation
- 5.4.2 Air Quality and Noise
- 5.4.2.1 Air Quality
- 5.4.2.1.1 Construction
- 5.4.2.1.2 Operations
- 5.4.2.2 Noise
- 5.4.3 Geology and Soils
- 5.4.3.1 Geology
- 5.4.3.2 Seismic
- 5.4.3.3 Soils
- 5.4.4 Water Resources
- 5.4.4.1 Surface Water
- 5.4.4.2 Ground Water
- 5.4.5 Biotic Resources
- 5.4.5.1 Terrestrial Resources
- 5.4.5.1.1 Construction Impacts
- 5.4.5.1.2 Operation Impacts
- 5.4.5.2 Wetlands
- 5.4.5.3 Aquatic Resources
- 5.4.5.4 Threatened and Endangered Species
- 5.4.6 Cultural and Paleontological Resources
- 5.4.6.1 Archeological Resources
- 5.4.6.1.1 Construction
- 5.4.6.1.2 Operations
- 5.4.6.2 Historical Resources
- 5.4.6.3 Native American Resources
- 5.4.6.4 Paleontological Resources
- 5.4.7 Socioeconomic and Community Services
- 5.4.7.1 Demographic Characteristics
- 5.4.7.2 Economic Activities
- 5.4.7.3 Community Infrastructure and Services
- 5.4.7.4 Environmental Justice
- 5.4.8 Human Health
- 5.4.8.1 Public
- 5.4.8.1.1 Radiological Impacts
- 5.4.8.1.2 Nonradiological Impacts
- 5.4.8.2 Noninvolved Workers
- 5.4.8.3 Workers
- 5.4.9 Facility Accidents
- 5.4.9.1 Public
- 5.4.9.2 Noninvolved Workers
- 5.4.9.3 Workers
- 5.4.10 Waste Management
- 5.4.10.1 Vessel Containment Option LLW
- 5.4.10.2 Building Containment Option LLW
- 5.4.10.3 Phased Containment Option LLW
- 5.4.11 Monitoring and Mitigation
- 5.4.11.1 Monitoring
- 5.4.11.2 Mitigation
- 5.4.12 Decontamination and Decommissioning
- 5.5 PLUTONIUM EXCLUSION ALTERNATIVE
- 5.5.1 Land Resources
- 5.5.2 Air Quality and Noise
- 5.5.3 Geology and Soils
- 5.5.4 Water Resources
- 5.5.5 Biotic Resources
- 5.5.6 Cultural and Paleontological Resources
- 5.5.7 Socioeconomic and Community Services
- 5.5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics
- 5.5.7.2 Economic Activities
- 5.5.7.3 Community Infrastructure and Services
- 5.5.7.4 Environmental Justice
- 5.5.8 Human Health
- 5.5.9 Facility Accidents
- 5.5.10 Waste Management
- 5.5.11 Monitoring and Mitigation
- 5.5.12 Decontamination and Decommissioning
- 5.6 SINGLE AXIS ALTERNATIVE
- 5.6.1 Land Resources
- 5.6.2 Air Quality and Noise
- 5.6.3 Geology and Soils
- 5.6.4 Water Resources
- 5.6.5 Biotic Resources
- 5.6.6 Cultural and Paleontological Resources
- 5.6.7 Socioeconomic and Community Services
- 5.6.7.1 Economic Activities
- 5.6.8 Human Health
- 5.6.9 Facility Accidents
- 5.6.10 Waste Management
- 5.6.11 Monitoring and Mitigation
- 5.6.11.1 Monitoring
- 5.6.11.2 Mitigation
- 5.6.12 Decontamination and Decommissioning
- 5.7 TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS
- 5.7.1 Incident-free Transportation
- 5.7.1.1 Nonradiological Impacts
- 5.7.1.2 Radiological Impacts
- 5.7.2 Impacts of Transportation of
- 5.7.2.1 Nonradiological Impacts
- 5.7.2.2 Radiological Impacts
- 5.8 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS AND IRREVERSIBLE AND/OR IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES
- 5.8.1 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
- 5.8.2 Irretrievable and/or Irreversible Commitment of Resources
- 5.9 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
- 5.10 IMPACTS ON LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY
- 5.11 MITIGATION MEASURES
- 5.11.1 Mitigation Common to All Alternatives
- 5.11.2 Mitigation by Engineered Design Features
- 5.11.3 Mitigation By Alternatives
- 5.12 REFERENCES CITED IN CHAPTER 5
- CHAPTER 6
- 6.1 RADIOACTIVE AIR EMISSIONS
- 6.2 NONRADIOACTIVE AIR EMISSIONS
- 6.3 LIQUID DISCHARGES TO SURFACE WATER AND THE GROUND
- 6.4 CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL STORAGE
- 6.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT
- 6.6 NOISE
- 6.7 FLOODPLAINS AND WETLANDS
- 6.8 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
- 6.9 NATIVE AMERICAN, ARCHEOLOGICAL,
- 6.10 SITING AND PLANNING
- 6.11 OTHER AGENCIES AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED
- 6.12 REFERENCE CITED IN CHAPTER 6
- B.10 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX B
- APPENDIX C
- C1: AIR QUALITY
- C2: NOISE
- C.3 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX C
- APPENDIX D
- D.7 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX D
- APPENDIX E
- APPENDIX E1: DEEP DRAINAGE BENEATH THE
- APPENDIX E2: SOLUBILITY
- APPENDIX E3: SURFACE WATER MODELING
- APPENDIX E4: VADOSE ZONE AND
- E.5 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX E
- APPENDIX F
- REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX F
- APPENDIX G
- G.3 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX G
- APPENDIX H
- H.6 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX H
- APPENDIX I
- I.4 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX I
- APPENDIX J
- J.7 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX J
- APPENDIX K
- K.5 REFERENCE CITED IN APPENDIX K
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