Russian Ammunition Industry
SU : Ministry of Chemical Industry (Minkhimprom / MHP) RU : Russian Ammunition Agency
	COMPANY	LOCATION	2015 Turnover 000 Rubles	2014 Turnover 000 Rubles	delta	activity
1	NPO "Splav"	Tula	26 636 752	19 232 312	39%	artillery rockets
2	PO "Zavod imeni Sergo"	Zelenodolsk, Tatarstan	9 941 874	5 885 863	69%	household & medical
3	Zavod "Plastmass"	Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Oblast	8 475 652	3 477 628	144%	artillery ammunition
4	Research Machine-Building Institute TsNIIMash	Moscow	5 141 171	5 487 330	-6%	Tank, Navy & Arty Shells
5	Novosibirsk Mechanical Zavod "Iskra"	Novosibirsk	3 750 800	3 012 407	25%	Explosives
6	NIIPKh NPO Research Institute of Applied Chemistry	Sergiev Posad, Moscow	3 573 954	3 546 485	1%	Equipment for Ammo
7	NPO "Kurganpribor"	Kurgan	3,200,000	1 952 835	64%	..
8	Cheboksary PO imeni V.I. Chapaev	Cheboksary, Chuvash	3 063 850	2 672 036	15%	Aerial Bombs
9	GosNIIMash Mech. Engineering imeni V.V.Bakhireva	Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod	2 954 387	2 425 012	22%	missile warheads
10	NIIPM Research Institute of Polymer Materials	Perm	2 326 264	1 568 220	48%	Rocket propellant
11	Impulse	Moscow	2 206 580	1 335 566	65%	..
12	Krasnozavodsk chemical Zavod	Krasnozavodsk, Moscow	2 136 542	2 164 109	-1%	..
13	Murom Instrument-Making Zavod	Murom, Vladimir Oblast	2 130 437	1 931 164	10%	..
14	Research Institute of Electronic Devices	Novosibirsk	1 786 888	1 689 758	6%	..
15	NPO "Krasnoznamenets"	St. Petersburg	1 774 144	1 817 316	-2%	..
16	Novosibirsk Zavod of Artificial Fiber	Iskitim, Novosibirsk Oblast	1 640 835	1 208 442	36%	Explosives
17	FSE "Anozit"	Kuibyshev, Novosibirsk Oblast	1 502 545	1 176 325	28%	..
18	GOSNII "Crystal"	Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod	1 421 227	1 683 862	-16%	..
19	NPO "Search",	Murino, Leningrad Oblast	1 286 391	736 703	75%	..
20	Research Institute of Technology imeni P.I. Snegirev	Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow	1 280 174	1 162 100	10%	..
21	Serov Mechanical Zavod	Serov, Sverdlovsk Oblast	1 045 116	954 296	10%	..
22	Leningrad Mechanical Zavod imeni Karl Liebknecht	St. Petersburg	1,000,000	462 925	116%	..
23	Nizhnelomovsky Electromechanical Zavod	Nizhny Lomov, Penza Oblast	978 879	637 654	54%	..
24	Research Engineering Institute	Balashikha, Moscow Oblast	976 814	834 171	17%	..
25	Solikamsk Zavod "Ural"	Solikamsk, Perm Oblast	880 246	593 474	48%	..
26	Institute of Applied Physics	Novosibirsk	872 419	959 496	-9%	..
27	Bryansk chemical Zavod imeni 50 years USSR	Seltso, Bryansk Oblast	844 635	549 139	54%	..
28	FSE "GOSNII of Chemical Products"	Kazan, Tatarstan	838 911	935 645	-10%	..
29	FSE "Research Institute "Geodesia"	Krasnoarmeysk, Moscow	799 079	844 355	-5%	..
30	Novo-Vyatka	Kirov	703 550	500 273	41%	..
31	"Signal"	Chelyabinsk	626 085	403 632	55%	..
32	Red Banner of Labor SNPI SoyuzpromNIIproekt	Moscow	624 082	668 834	-7%	..
33	NPO "Delta"	Moscow	587 100	703 044	-16%	..
34	TsPI Machine-Building Enterprises	Moscow	552 897	475 766	16%	..
35	NPO "Temp"	Moscow	517 734	536 664	-4%	..
36	Verkhneturinsky Machine-Building Zavod	Verkhnyaya Tura, Sverdlovsk	475 479	451 797	5%	..
37	Nevyansk machine-building Zavod	Nevyansk, Sverdlovsk Oblast	434 241	267 983	62%	..
38	Kalinovsky chemical Zavod	Kalinovo, Sverdlovsk Oblast	432 144	479 508	-10%	..
39	Novosibirsk PO "Sibselmash"	Novosibirsk	424 698	426 595	0%	..
40	POLYMER	Chapaevsk, Samara Oblast	394 305	515 985	-24%	..
41	Aleksin Experimental Mechanical Zavod	Aleksin, Tula Oblast	356 921	329 185	8%	..
42	FSE "Privolzhsky State Ammunition Test Site"	Chapaevsk, Samara Oblast	329 493	189 820	74%	..
43	LLC7 "STANKOMASH"	Chelyabinsk	284 128	122 134	133%	..
44	Zavod imeni M.I. Kalinin	St. Petersburg	208 804	238 081	-12%	..
45	Vyatka	Kirov	182 540	144 741	26%	..
46	Balakirevo Mechanical Zavod	Balakirevo, Vladimir Oblast	180 659	117 455	54%	..
47	Tula Research Technological Institute	Tula	111 210	180 236	-38%	..
48	Novosibirsk Pilot Zavod of Measuring Instruments	Kochenevsky, Novosibirsk	60 650	45140	34%	..
49	Calculation	Moscow	57 122	117 940	-52%	..
50	LLC "Mosexpo-Metal"	Moscow	52 647	61 656	-15%	..
51	Test and contract enterprise "RITM"	Moscow	51 947	21 315	144%	..
52	TsKTB of Polymeric Materials	Moscow	51 658	47 830	8%	..
53	Central Scientific Design Bureau	Moscow	46 135	119 293	-61%	..
54	REATON	Tomsk	41 191	47 275	-13%	..
55	"Silan"	Dankov, Lipetsk Oblast	35 066	208 010	-83%	..
56	"Sibtekstilmash. Special equipment. Service"	Novosibirsk	29 315	38 131	-23%	..
57	Institute Permgipromashprom	Perm	10 465	10 296	2%	..
58	FNTTs Informkhimmash	Moscow	1 308	12 486	-90%	..
xx	FSE "Avangard"	Sterlitamak, Bashkortostan
xx	FSE "Aleksinsky Chemical Zavod"	Aleksin, Tula Oblast
xx	FSE "Biysk Oleum Zavod"	Biysk, Altai Territory
xx	FSE "Verkhnesalda State Zavod of Chemical Tanks"	Verkhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk
xx	FSE "Zavod imeni Ya.M. Sverdlov"	Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod
xx	FSE "Kazan State Gunpowder Zavod"	Kazan, Tatarstan
xx	FSE "Kazan Zavod of Precision Engineering"	Kazan, Tatarstan
xx	FSE "Combine "Kamensky", Kamensk-Shakhtinsky	Rostov Oblast
xx	FSE "Nizhny Tagil Institute for Metal Testing"	Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk
xx	FSE "Perm Powder Zavod"	Perm
xx	FSE "Samara Zavod "Kommunar"	Petra Dubrava, Samara Oblast
xx	FSE "Saransk Mechanical Zavod"	Saransk, Mordovia
xx	FSE "Tambov Powder Zavod"	Kotovsk, Tambov Oblast
xx	FSE "Chapaevsky Mechanical Zavod"	Chapaevsk, Samara Oblast
	Amur Cartridge Plant Vympel im. P.V.Finogenova	Amursk, Khabarovsk				hunting & sports ammo
	JSC "Barnaul Machine-Tool Plant"	Barnaul, Altai region				combat & hunting ammo
	FSUE "SRPE "Bazalt"	Krasnoarmeisk
	Novosibirsk Zavod Nizkovoltnoi Apparatury AO	Novosibirsk
	Research and Industrial enterprise Region	Moscow
	Tula Cartridge Plant JSC	Tula				largest supplier of cartridges
FNTTs = Federal Scientific and Technical Center FSE = Federal State Enterprise GOSNII = State Research Institute imeni = named after TsKTB = Central Design and Technological Bureau LLC = Limited Liability Company NPO = Research and Production Association NPO = Federal Research and Production Center SNPI = Special Research and Design Institute TsPI = Central Institute for Design PKP = Production and Commercial Enterprise PO = Production Association Zavod = Plant

https://nmz-iskra.ru/

JSC “Novosibirsk Mechanical Plant “Iskra”

Novosibirsk Mechanical Plant ISKRA is the largest enterprise beyond the Urals producing blast initiation systems applied in mining and coal industry, minerals exploration, civil engineering blasting and explosive metalworking. It is part of JSC NPK Tekhmash of the Rostec State Corporation. ISKRA has substantial experience in manufacturing reloading components, including corrosion-resistant safety primers for smooth-bore and rifle guns, plastic container wads designed specially for increased accuracy of shooting, and high-tensile frost-resistant environment friendly paper case. Today, the Iskra plant is a job for 2,700 highly qualified specialists and workers. These are 118 items of manufactured products, some of which have no analogues either in Russia or abroad. This is about 75% of the supply of initiation agents to the Russian market. This is the use of modern scientific developments in cooperation with research centers of the SB RAS. JSC “Novosibirsk Mechanical Plant “Iskra” is one of the leading enterprises in Russia in the production of civil blasting and initiation systems for coal mining, mineral prospecting, civil engineering and metal working by blasting. The product range of the plant includes a wide variety of initiation systems and meets all the quality requirements. The products are competitive both in the Russian and world markets. In 2010, the products which are in high demand among customers were tested and certified for compliance with EU requirements by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin, Germany. Today JSC “Novosibirsk Mechanical Plant “Iskra” has more than 250 customers including mining companies, open pits and others on the territory of Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Belorussia and Uzbekistan. The Iskra plant produces a wide range of initiation tools: non-electric initiation systems, detonating cords, electric detonators, electronic detonators, igniter caps and much more. The specifics of the work of the enterprise is connected with the use of the latest achievements of science and technology, high-precision mechanics and modern special chemistry. Among the goods produced by the enterprise are blasting mechanisms of various systems, detonating cords, electric detonators and electronic detonators, pyrotechnic relays and electrical wires, igniter capsules, as well as hunting cartridges. At present, along with the most powerful and world-standard production of various types of detonating cords, the enterprise has mastered the technology of manufacturing a shock wave tube, and with it a modern non-electric blasting system . The enterprise, having highly qualified personnel and modern instrumentation, has licenses and conducts research in the field of improving the reliability and quality of products, which allows it, together with scientific institutions of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other scientific centers, to develop new samples of products for consumer orders. Factory foundation. NMZ "ISKRA" was one of 46 enterprises moved to the east of the country during the Great Patriotic War. OJSC "Novosibirsk Mechanical Plant "ISKRA" today occupies one of the leading positions in the Russian market for the production of industrial means of initiation for the coal and mining industries, for the construction and processing of metals by explosion. The range of products manufactured by the enterprise includes a wide range of blasting means, which are constantly being improved. JSC "NMZ "ISKRA" develops and introduces into production new systems and products of industrial blasting equipment. The main consumers of products, with which JSC NMZ ISKRA has been fruitfully working for many years, are the largest coal and mining enterprises in Siberia, the Urals, the Far East and neighboring countries. Since 1954, the company has been producing a wide range of hunting and sporting cartridges for smoothbore weapons in 12 and 16 calibers. Specialists have developed and introduced into production high-velocity hunting cartridges with a divided charge "Iskra-M" and "Extra-M", which have no analogues in the world. Sports cartridges produced to perform various types of exercises on shooting stands are in high demand among professionals and amateurs. Assembly of hunting cartridgesis carried out both from imported components and using products of Russian manufacturers, including the company's own unique developments, protected by patents of the Russian Federation. Ammunition is loaded on original equipment, modernized to produce both traditional cartridges and ammunition with a divided powder charge. The product range also includes igniter caps for smoothbore and rifled weapons TsBO-N, KV-16, KV-22, KV-24, KV-26, KV-27. In accordance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001-2001 and GST RV 15.002-2003, the company has developed and operates a documented quality management system. All manufactured products are certified by testing laboratories and certification bodies accredited in the GOST R certification system. The presence of highly qualified personnel and modern high-tech equipment allows NMP Iskra JSC to provide high quality products. Realizing the importance of improving its products, the company continuously conducts research work in conjunction with the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other research centers. https://motherhouse.ru/en/housing-and-communal-services/holdingovye-kompanii-rosteh-kto-voidet-v-rostehnologii/">Rostec holding companies. Who will enter Russian Technologies. conventional arms industry https://niiph.ru/

NIIPKh Research Institute of Applied Chemistry

niiph.gif"> Open Joint Stock Company "Federal Research and Production Center "Research Institute of Applied Chemistry" is the head enterprise of a holding company that unites all the largest manufacturers of pyrotechnics and explosives in the Russian Federation. Products developed and manufactured by the institute fully meet the requirements of both the Russian market and the international one. In addition to developing the production of military and special-purpose products, the institute pays great attention to expanding the range of civilian products. Already this year, the production of pyrotechnics (smoke bombs, imitation grenades) for paintball and airsoft, signal pyrotechnics for outdoor enthusiasts, new types of cartridges for the Osa pistol will be mastered. The task of the institute is to bring the share of civilian pyrotechnics to 60% of the total output. At present, the institute has research, development, technological and marketing, advertising and sales departments, pilot production, a test base with a testing ground and is able to carry out the whole range of works - from exploratory research to industrial production of almost all pyrotechnic products and their sale in the consumer market. The range of special pyrotechnics developed, put into service and mastered in production since 1945, designed to equip all types of troops, exceeds 550 items, including more than 200 pyrotechnic products (igniters, solid fuel charges, pyroautomatic devices) used in missile, missile - space and artillery systems. The range of civil products developed and mastered in mass production is over 170 items. More than 1550 inventor's certificates for inventions of the USSR were received for the compositions, products, devices, technologies and non-standard equipment developed by the Institute. The Institute's developments were awarded 328 VDNKh awards. According to analysis published by the website Space Review, Russia’s Scientific Research Institute of Applied Chemistry (NIIPKh - nauchno-issledovatelsky institutes prikladnoy khimiyi), known for its previous work in aerosol particle development, was awarded a contract from the Burevestnik program in 2015. Although there is no evidence that particle obscurants have been tested on orbit, an article written by NIIPKh affiliates in 2016 suggested that the technology could be installed on satellites, where it could be used to defend assets from kinetic physical attacks but also for “disabling” satellites from a close distance.199 If deployed from a nearby satellite, particle obscurants could be used to temporarily degrade a target satellite by obstructing optical sensors or interfering with radio communications to and from its ground stations. Given the great role of pyrotechnics in the preparation and conduct of military operations and the need for their further improvement and development, in pursuance of the order of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR by Order of the NKB of the USSR of 04/23/1945. Special Plant No. 862 is reorganized into the Scientific Research Institute-NII-862 with subordination to the 6th Main Directorate of the NKB of the USSR. A. P. Androshchuk, the former director of the Special Plant, is appointed director of the institute, A. I. Flegontov. April 23, 1945 is the official date of the Institute's establishment. The transformation of Special Plant No. 862 into a Scientific Research Institute was largely due to the results obtained by the Special Bureau of the plant already in the initial period of work, when the subject of work was determined by the requirements of the front. The creation of a specialized research institute required a significant expansion of the scope of work, an increase in the level of research and development and the solution of problematic scientific and technical issues. The main task of the institute for 1945 and the first post-war years was the creation of new, more advanced pyrotechnics that meet the requirements that emerged during the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War as a whole. In accordance with the tasks set by the leadership of the National Design Bureau, and then by the Ministry of Agricultural Engineering, under whose jurisdiction the institute was transferred in 1946, work in 1945-1947 was carried out in the areas of improving and developing new pyrotechnic means for signaling over long distances and aerial photography, signaling and lighting means of short-range action, smoke masking means, educational and imitation products, mechanization of technological processes. In July 1948, Fyodor Vasilievich Kozlov was appointed director of the institute, and Ivan Ivanovich Vernidub, laureate of the Stalin Prize, was appointed chief engineer. Former chief engineer A.N. Flegontov is appointed head of the Special Bureau. Since 1949 at the Institute, in contrast to previous years, the proportion of the development of compositions for the creation of charges for equipping large-sized products (special projectiles and air bombs) has significantly increased in the total scope of work. In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR dated February 11, 1949, a technological department was created at the institute to develop and implement advanced technology, mechanization and automation of technological processes at pyrotechnic plants. I.A. was appointed head of the department. Chelnokov. Creation at the institute of methodological, production and testing bases modern for that time, staffing of teams with highly qualified personnel allowed the institute to carry out a large amount of research and development work in a short time. So for the period from 1945 to 1950, 250 research and development works were carried out, as a result of which the Ministry of Defense received new, more efficient pyrotechnics, and the industry received orders for their manufacture. Research and development work commissioned by the USSR Ministry of Defense in the 1950s were aimed at improving and creating new signal, target designation, lighting, photo-illumination, tracer, and training and simulation tools. By the beginning of the 1960s, the institute had developed and put into mass production new types of equipment for ammunition developed by GSKB-47 and NII-24, and new products, namely: torches for lighting bombs, artillery shells and mines; equipment for photo-illuminating aerial bombs; tracers for artillery shells, missiles and target aircraft; hand-held jet signal and lighting cartridges, etc. In the same period, the institute developed the first industrial samples of civilian pyrotechnic products: park fireworks; pesticide smoke bombs; precipitation-causing compositions, which were the basis for the development at the institute in the future of a whole direction in the creation of anti-hail pyrotechnic products and means of artificial precipitation induction for extinguishing forest fires and deposition of fog on the runways of airfields. In general, the post-war period from 1945 to 1960 can be characterized as a period of large-scale development aimed at improving and creating new pyrotechnics in order to re-equip the Soviet Army and Navy with more effective ammunition, as well as to create and technically equip the production base of the institute and serial industry factories. Since the end of the 1950s, the Institute began research work on the creation of new non-traditional pyrotechnic means: solid pyrotechnic propellants for ramjet engines (RPD), igniters for solid rocket engines of various classes, pyrotechnic heaters and other means of pyroautomatics for rocket and rocket-space technology. In 1964, N.A. Silin was appointed director of the institute, Evgeny Sumbatovich Shakhidzhanov was appointed deputy director, Petr Vasilyevich Kovalenko was appointed deputy director for R&D, Evgeny Sergeevich Berendakov was appointed chief engineer. In 1965, the modernization of the existing ones was completely completed and new test benches were put into operation at the institute and on the territory of the test site, where traditional pyrotechnics, as well as igniters, solid fuel charges, and pyroautomatic devices are tested. In the period from 1960 to 1980, the design services of the institute for pilot production and serial plants developed modern technological equipment for all the main phases of the manufacture of pyrotechnics: grinding materials, drying components and compositions, averaging metal powders, preparing compositions and mixtures highly sensitive to external influences. In the same period, all major technical areas developed at an accelerated pace. Fundamentally new solid pyrotechnic propellants and their charges for engines of anti-aircraft missiles and high-speed torpedo missiles, pyrotechnic igniters for missiles of various classes, pyroautomatic devices for guided missiles, projectiles and air bombs, pyrotechnic decoys and interference for countermeasures were created and mastered in mass production. precision weapons. The means of traditional military pyrotechnics - lighting, photo-illumination, signal, target designation, tracer, smoke and incendiary, as well as peaceful pyrotechnics - fireworks and anti-hail - were further developed. More than 70 products were transferred to serial production annually. In 1981, Vil Dmitrievich Borisov was appointed to the position of Deputy Director for Research, who worked in this position until 1989. In the 1980s, work at the institute was carried out in the following main scientific and technical areas: lighting and photo lighting compositions and means; signal and firework compositions and products; aerosol-forming compositions and agents; solid incendiary compositions and fire mixtures; compositions and means of pyroautomatics; solid fuels and gas generating compositions; pyrotechnic igniters; interference and means of distortion; compositions and means of active influence on atmospheric phenomena; armoring and fixing compositions and coatings; special types of raw materials and materials, scientific and methodological support for the development and testing of pyrotechnic means; development and automation of technological processes; creation of non-standard technological equipment; ensuring safe working conditions. During this period, new directions for the creation of pyrotechnic means began to develop - thermobaric mixtures and pyrotechnic current sources. In the field of aerosol-forming compositions, work on the creation of compositions and means of effective action in the far IR and millimeter ranges of electromagnetic radiation, as well as compositions for systems and means of volumetric fire extinguishing by aerosols, was further developed. Further development was received by thermal decoys in the direction of increasing the efficiency of IR radiation and creating decoys with aerodynamic quality. New anti-hail missiles of the Kristall complex with a modular warhead were created. In total, from 1980 to 1992, more than 80 types of new pyrotechnics for military and civilian purposes were developed and put into mass production. At the end of the 1980s, due to a decrease in the order on defense topics, intensive work was launched at the institute to create pyrotechnic civilian products and consumer goods. In 1991, Valery Nilovich Yemelyanov was appointed to the position of Deputy Director for Research and Development. In the 1990s, the institute created environmentally friendly pyrotechnic insecticidal and bactericidal aerosol bombs to combat harmful insects, bacteria and plant diseases, a complex of gas generating devices for producing oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, small-sized pyrotechnic generators, pyrotechnic means for welding and cutting steel parts and structures, security alarms and self-defense weapons. A unique environmentally friendly technology was developed for the filtration incineration of biological waste, including those contaminated with dangerous infectious carriers. In the 1990s, a wide range of entertainment pyrotechnics was developed and put into production: table and concert sparkling fountains, small-sized rockets and fireworks, ascending sparkling dynamic “butterfly” toys, safe sound firecrackers, fire wheels, Bengal candles, crackers, etc. . In 1996, N.M. Varenykh was appointed director of the institute, and in 1997, Pukhovich Semyon Maerovich was appointed to the position of chief engineer. "The Research Institute of Applied Chemistry (NIIPKh, part of Rostec) is testing the Legion firing shield in the interests of one of the Russian security agencies," Artyom Muranov, deputy managing director of the NIIPKh for civilian products, military-technical cooperation and marketing, told TASS 14 May 2020. The development of 2016, which is based on the technology of the firearm pistol of limited destruction "Osa", is a module placed on standard shields in service with law enforcement agencies. The module is capable of shooting traumatic, light-sound and irritating ammunition of 18.5 to 45 caliber. When a delegation of NATO experts visited the institute's testing grounds, they were shown the latest models of non-lethal weapons produced by the Institute in the interests of Russian law enforcement agencies. OSA device is a civil firearm of a limited damaging capacity designed for active self-defense, signaling and illuminatig purposes. According to experts, this is the most advanced personal weapon of self-defense, not only in Russia’s, but also in the world market. The OSA first demonstration model was exhibited in 1996 at an international weapons fair in Moscow. Research Institute of Applied Chemistry specialists developed the PB-4 OSA final version in 1999. One can call this model the first Russian-made traumatic shortgun. OSA consists of a firing tubeless self-defense device of various modifications and cartridges of traumatic and psychophysical impact, as well as special signal cartridges and fire flares. The ammunition sleeve in this weapon stands for the nonexistent tube; this is why the device is called a tubeless gun. PB-4-2, PB-4-1ML, M09 four-charge models and a PB-2 Egida two-charge model are nowadays in the serial production. They all belong to the shortgun’s fourth generation. The gun body is made of high-strength aluminum alloy. Due to the low weight (from 190 to 340 grams) and compact size, the OSA pistols can be easily carried during the entire day. All modifications are equipped with a laser sight, which allows even unprepared users to fire at the speed and efficiency of an experienced shooter. One of the most important advantages of OSA pistols is an ‘intelligent’ electronic triggering mechanism that simplifies the shooting process and enhances the weapon’s safety: no physical impact will make the weapon fire unless the trigger is pressed. The institute has been allocating significant funds for the organization of recreation areas for residents of the microdistrict, landscaping and landscaping. Unfortunately, the city authorities have not yet ensured the arrangement of sidewalks in the microdistrict. But before the elections to the City Council, the deputies promised to solve this problem as soon as possible. The Institute consistently provides funding for the operation of the Salyut sports complex, which is no less than 6 million rubles a year. It should be noted that until now the payment for playing sports in "Salute" was incomparably lower in comparison with other sports facilities in the region, as the management of the institute understands the great importance of children's and youth sports. The Institute, at its own expense, ensured the installation of 36 surveillance cameras in the Zvezdochka microdistrict to record possible illegal actions of citizens, and this significantly reduced the level of crime in the microdistrict. For many years, the enterprise has been providing uninterrupted supply of heat and hot water to the microdistrict.So KREP LLC owed the institute about 30 million rubles. We cannot turn off heating and hot water in winter, which is what the management of the management company took advantage of, accumulating debts. The city, unfortunately, cannot cope with the situation with regard to management companies, Although this often causes us significant losses due to the dishonesty of management companies. In order to maintain the status of Sergiev Posad as a major pyrotechnic center, the institute plans to hold a fireworks festival in the fall, timed to coincide with the 15th anniversary of the creation of the Russian Pyrotechnic Association. The fireworks festival is a colorful and unforgettable show, accompanied by theatrical and pyrotechnic shows, urban processions with pyrotechnic accompaniment. The culmination of the event is a fireworks competition, in which the best teams of pyrotechnicians compete for the right to be called the strongest. https://www.chapaew.ru/">Cheboksary PO imeni V.I. Chapaev https://escholarship.org/content/qt4b0946m7/qt4b0946m7_noSplash_dd39e5a9dc96fb237e0bbe5c7e0d5155.pdf">The Creation of a ‘People’s Hero’: Vasilii Ivanovich Chapaev and the Fate of Soviet Popular History The plant lived! The plant lives! The plant will live!

Cheboksary PO imeni V.I. Chapaev

Joint-stock company "Cheboksary production association of V.I. Chapayev" [actioneric obshchestvo «cheboksarskoye proizvodstvennoye obyedinenie im. vie.yi. chapayeva»] is a the large multi-profile enterprise of military industrial complex of Russia. JSC “CPA n.a. V.I.Chapaev” is part of JSC "Scientific-Production Concern "Techmash” - holding as a part of State Corporation "Rostec"; is one of strategic organizations in Russian Federation and one of the greatest enterprises in Chuvash Republic. It has a strategic importance for ensuring defense capability and security of the country, the status of the socially important organization for the Chuvash Republic. Society is a part of the holding company of the industry of ammunition and special chemistry of Joint-stock company "Research and production concern "Technologies of Mechanical Engineering" of Russian Technologies State Corporation, is a contractor of the State program of arms and the State defense order, on a number of products — the only producer of special products in Russia. Cheboksary production association n.a. V.I. Chapaev was found in 1941 and since that time is one of the greatest and oldest defense enterprise in Russia. Today it's the grate multi-profile production association, which produces more then 1000 denominations of different kinds of products. The Association has four main areas of production: Pyrotechnical production – special-purpose products and civil production:

high-altitude, park and ground fireworks;

domestic fireworks;

antihail products;

smoke, lightening, signaling products;

fire extinguishing products. Rubber-technical production

rubber and rubber-technical industrial products;

rubber glue;

children rubber balls;

galoshes. Mechanical and plastic productions – services for mechanical metalworking, plastic consumer goods. For a number of products the enterprise is the only manufacturer in Russia, among them – antihail products, children balls, rubber plates for submarines, special defense products. The Association pays an important part innovative activity: working out new kinds of special products, expanding the pyrotechnical products and rubber balls ranges. For today, innovative direction is almost 36% of total production. Developed industrial infrastructure, positive reputation and the greatest experience, the introduction of modern management techniques, equipment modernization grant the highest quality and allow to keep competitive market positions. Besides, JSC “CPA n.a. V.I.Chapaev” is social active enterprise, which takes part in sponsorship and charity projects and other different social events not only in Chuvash Republic, but in Russian Federation too. The popular mythology of Vasilii Ivanovich Chapaev is without an equivalent in Soviet History and offers critical insight into the dialectics of popular legitimacy in the world’s first socialist state. In Russia today, the widespread proliferation of images and stories about the peasant partisan leader, who went on to command a Bolshevik division during the Russian Civil War before dying in battle in 1919, is known as the “Chapaev Phenomenon.” Chapaev’s status in Russian memory is second only to that of Lenin, both in prevalence and longevity. Unlike Lenin, however, Chapaev was neither a founder of the state nor even a representative of its political class. In 1917 he was elected commander of his regiment by a vote of the regiment’s soldiers. White Army forces ambushed the divisional headquarters near Lbishchensk in 1919. According to official sources, Chapayev tried to escape by swimming across the Ural River, but was never again seen alive. His body was never recovered. Chapayev was immortalized by Soviet propaganda as a hero of the Russian Civil War. The Cheboksary Production Association named after Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev is one of the oldest enterprises in the Chuvash Republic. It was formed by order of the People's Commissar of Munitions dated October 11, 1941 No. 607, put into operation on November 1, 1941. Throughout its history, the enterprise has made a significant contribution to the development of Chuvashia, producing products of strategic importance for the country. The plant for the production of ammunition at number 320 was originally supposed to be organized as a pyrotechnic workshop at plant number 80 in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Gorky region. This information is stored in archival documents. By decision of the People's Commissariat, in April 1938, construction of object No. 532 began in a forest near Cheboksary, which was renamed plant No. 320 in July of the following year. The construction of the plant is closely intertwined with the history of the state and is one of the links in the implementation of the 3rd five-year plan of 1938-1942, according to which the country's defense capability was to be strengthened in every possible way. In Chuvashia, probably, there is not a single village from which people would not have been involved in the construction of this plant at one time. Workers also arrived from neighboring republics - Tatar, Mari, Mordovian. Together with the plant, a working settlement was also built, which was named "Chapaevsky" by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in February 1941. The leading workers of the construction were the head of construction I.P. Kukin and chief engineer A.E. Pivovarov. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War disrupted all plans for the construction of the plant. The terms were revised towards the immediate launch of the first stage of the plant. It was necessary to complete construction, finishing work, install equipment, staff the workshops, train them, work out technological processes at the same time. On August 5, the People's Commissariat of Ammunition determined the design capacity of the plant for equipping pyrotechnic products and the main range of products for production at the plant: incendiary and lighting bombs, smoke bombs, tracers. On October 15 of the same year, the factory staff, at the cost of incredible efforts, produced the first products. But the official date of birth of the enterprise is still considered November 1, 1941. It was on this day that the State Commission chaired by V.R. Gorovoy takes it into operation. The leaders and leading specialists in the first war year were the director of the plant, N.S. Shishov, chief engineer I.A. Chelnokov, Deputy Director V.S. Fursov and chief technologist I.M. Tokarev. In order to successfully solve the tasks set for the implementation of the defense order during the Great Patriotic War, it was necessary to staff the plant not just with workers, but with competent, specially trained, qualified specialists. This work was headed by the assistant director for hiring and firing Antonov Moisey Efimovich. For exemplary performance of government tasks, in 1943 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star, as well as a Certificate of Honor from the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Chuvash ASSR. Under his direct supervision, the first specialists began to arrive at the plant, graduating from the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology, the Leningrad Institute of Technology, the Kharkov Chemical Technology College, as well as those evacuated from the town of Krasnozavodsk near Moscow from military plant No. 11. Sent specialists trained workers in the manufacture of products. The number of employees in those years was as follows: 1941 - more than 1000 people, 1942 - more than 2000 people, 1945 - 4000 people. There were 48 Komsomol youth brigades, which bore the honorary title of "front-line". So, the brigade of M. Kolotilina, created in 1941, fulfilled the production task by 205%. All members of the brigade were awarded Certificates of Honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Chuvash ASSR. Komsomol youth brigade K.G. Berekhastova worked on the first phase of equipping the SAB-100-55 aerial bomb. The brigadier was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 22, 1943. In order to bring research work closer to production, branch No. 4 of Research Institute No. 6 was created at plant No. 320, and for the practical establishment of the production of ammunition, the training of young engineering and technical workers, there was a special technological bureau of the NKVD, engineering and technical workers of the plant No. 11, which made a decisive contribution to the development of production and the plant's reaching its design capacity. Since 1942, the 2nd stage was put into operation, the enterprise monthly exceeded the plan for the production of ammunition for the needs of the front with a constant increase in production capacity and the range of ammunition. The leaders and leading specialists in those years were the director of the plant I.P. Kanatov, appointed in 1942, chief engineer I.A. Chelnokov, chief mechanic M.N. Zhandarov, chief technologist N.A. Bildyukevich, head of the central factory laboratory A.M. Dubrovskaya, heads of workshops G.M. Goldman, A.A. Davydova, Pleshakov. More than five hundred workers of the plant were mobilized to the front. The mourning list of the dead includes 89 names of factory workers. For the exploits shown at the front, 2 employees of the plant were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union: attack pilot Pavel Grigoryevich Panov and tankman Nikolai Alekseevich Plekhanov. The staff of the plant courageously endured all the hardships of the war years, made a huge contribution to the cause of victory over the fascist invaders. For shock selfless work during the war years, many workers of the plant were awarded orders, medals, certificates of honor. From the first post-war days, all the forces of the factory workers were directed to the production of consumer goods. During May-June 1946, the enterprise completed the re-equipment of the existing press facilities, began manufacturing special tools for the mass and serial production of consumer goods made of plastic, and launched the production of shoe polish, stearin candles and other products. As of July 1, 1946, there were 20 items of consumer goods in the production of the plant. In 1955, the first batch of washing machines was produced. Their labor intensity was the lowest in comparison with all machines of this class produced in the USSR. In total, over the years of work, 17 models of the Volga washing machine were introduced and produced, with a total number of over 10 million pieces. The production of consumer goods was also launched: spoons, sinks, teapots, lids for multiple canning, roller skis, hose pumps, sanitary plastic products. The 60s of the last century became a turning point for the development of the plant - the development of rubber products began. At the enterprise, the production of rubber products for the automotive industry and the navy was established. Young townspeople most of all fell in love with children's rubber toys and balls, which the plant began to produce in the late 60s. In the 70s, the production of rubber shoes began. The founder of rubber technology at the enterprise was the deputy chief engineer Veniamin Panteleimonovich Sovenko. By the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated November 30, 1965 No. 1015-342, the enterprise p / box 12 was renamed the Cheboksary Plant of Rubber Products. In 1969, the association began the production of Alazan anti-hail rockets to protect agricultural land from hail and soon became the leading Russian enterprise among those manufacturing technical means of actively influencing meteorological processes. In the post-war period, many employees of the enterprise were also awarded high government awards: the title of "Hero of Socialist Labor", the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the "Badge of Honor", and medals. It was these people who laid a solid foundation for the company's labor traditions. At the turn of the century, the situation changed. The plant began to "fever" in the fall of 2000. These were the most difficult years for the "Chapayevites": the struggle for survival, overcoming the bankruptcy procedure, overcoming the most difficult crisis. The amount of accounts payable exceeded the output volumes. In 2003, when the plant was in the most difficult condition (the amount of debts to the budgets of all levels was 400 million rubles), Mikhail Sergeevich Reznikov was appointed general director of the enterprise. After the first meetings of the manager with the team, the factory workers believed in him, saw in him a person who could turn the tide at the enterprise. A new struggle for survival began - the "Chapaevites", like the legendary fellow countryman, whose name the enterprise was named, were not going to give up. The plant managed to get out of a protracted crisis. At present, JSC "ChPO them. IN AND. Chapaev” continues to develop dynamically and makes a significant contribution to the economic and social development of not only Chuvashia, but also Russia. The enterprise produces more than 1,000 items of various types of products: special purpose, training and imitation equipment, masking smoke agents, weather agents, including anti-hail products, fire extinguishing agents (fire-extinguishing aerosol generators), pyrotechnic products, special coatings (technical plates) for shipbuilding, adhesives based on rubber mixtures, children's rubber balls, glued rubber overshoes, rubber and rubber-metal products for industrial use. The plant can rightly be proud of its fireworks, and there are more than 300 types of them that decorate the holidays in many cities of Russia and abroad. JSC "ChPO them. IN AND. Chapaev" holds a strong position in the world market. The association exports products to neighboring countries: Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine. Investment projects are being implemented aimed at a large-scale reconstruction of the key production facilities of the enterprise (mechanical, rubber, pyrotechnic). In addition to the production potential, the company pays great attention to personnel policy. The educational level of managers, specialists and employees makes it possible to timely and competently solve the tasks set for the plant to increase production efficiency and stable operation of the enterprise. In 2014, JSC "ChPO them. IN AND. Chapaev” took 1st place in the republican economic competition among manufacturing organizations (for large enterprises), as well as 2nd place among large industrial enterprises in the republican competition “The Best Exporter of the Chuvash Republic”. In 2015, children's rubber balls were awarded the diploma of the laureate of the competition "100 Best Goods of Russia" in the nomination "Industrial goods for the population". In the same year, JSC "ChPO them. IN AND. Chapaev” was awarded a diploma of the III degree of the republican competition “The Best Exporter of the Chuvash Republic” among large enterprises of the Chuvash Republic. In 2021, the Alazan-9 anti-hail missile became the winner of the competition "100 Best Goods of Russia". JSC "ChPO them. IN AND. Chapaev, a socially active enterprise, takes part in sponsorship and charity projects, regional social initiatives organized at the level of the Russian Federation, the Chuvash Republic and the municipality. http://www.gosniimash.ru/exib/

JSC GosNIIMash

gosniimash.gif">Joint-Stock Company "State Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" them. V.V.Bakhireva (JSC "GosNIIMash") - the leading enterprise in Russia for the development and production of warheads for guided missile weapons. Over the long history, the institute has created more than 100 warheads of guided missiles of various classes. More than 80% of the UR, which are in service with the army of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, contain combat units, which are the developments of the institute. At present, it is the leading enterprise in Russia for the development and production of combat equipment and warheads for guided missile weapons. At present, it is the leading enterprise in Russia for the development and production of combat equipment and warheads for guided missile weapons. Over the long history, the institute has created more than 100 warheads of guided missiles of various classes. More than 80% of guided missiles in service with the army of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries contain warheads, which are the developments of the institute. The institute has the necessary infrastructure to create modern combat units. It includes divisions involved in the development of ammunition designs, the development of technologies for their production, production with workshops engaged in machining, manufacturing bodies of combat units and their equipment. The computer center of the institute, which has modern computer technology, purchased licensed and proprietary software, allows numerical simulation of almost all tasks that arise in the design and testing of products under development, including the action of the warhead at the target and efficiency assessment. The institute has the necessary infrastructure to create modern combat units. It includes divisions involved in the development of ammunition designs, the development of technologies for their production, production with workshops engaged in machining, manufacturing bodies of combat units and their equipment. The computer center of the institute, which has modern computer technology, purchased licensed and proprietary software, allows numerical simulation of almost all tasks that arise in the design and testing of products under development, including the action of the warhead at the target and efficiency assessment. Main activities: research in the field of explosion physics, calculations of problems in explosion physics, cumulation and high-speed impact; studies of structural strength, operational reliability and durability under various loads; development and production of mobile, stationary and small-sized means of impulse powder fire extinguishing; production of fine powders of superhard materials: detonation diamond and wurtzite-like boron nitride; application of qualitatively new superhard chromium-wurtzite coatings with an increase in the service life of parts by 5-6 times; surface fluorination of rubber and polymer products to increase the service life, oil and petrol resistance; production of bimetals and multilayer compositions by explosion welding; applying a catalyst to the inner surface of metal pipes using an explosive method; production of injection unit parts up to 3 meters long for injection molding machines in any configuration; development of new technologies using explosion energy; provision of services for machining and manufacturing of products and component parts according to the customer's documentation: gear hobbing (part diameter up to 320 mm, module m=6, part length up to 200 mm); turning works (part diameter up to 900 mm, length - up to 4000 mm); including deep drilling of holes with a diameter of 14.7 - 100 mm and a length of parts up to 3000 mm, boring work for the manufacture of body parts with a size of 1000 x 600 x 600 mm3; hardening of surfaces by nitriding with a hardness of the nitrided layer HV 800-1000 and a depth of 0.3 - 0.4 mm (part diameter up to 500 mm, length up to 2000 mm); production of cutting tools; application of a wear-resistant nano-composite coating on cutting tools and die tooling. The experimental base of the institute, equipped with modern recording and measuring equipment, provides a full range of research on the development of warheads for guided missiles - from the study of explosive and detonation processes to testing prototypes under all types of impact to confirm their operational and combat characteristics. The Institute is also involved in the creation of innovative civilian products using advanced scientific technologies. Joint Stock Company "State Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" named after V.V. Bakhirev” was founded on December 1, 1977 in accordance with the order of the Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR No. 507 dated December 1, 1977. on the basis of SKB DNIKhTI created by order of the Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR dated 10.09.1970. 1970 - special design office 1977 - FSUE GosNIIMash - the country's first specialized institute for the development of warheads for missile weapons for various purposes. 2007 - the institute was named after Bakhirev Vyacheslav Vasilyevich, Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor 2008 - Open Joint Stock Company "State Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" named after. V.V. Bakhireva 2016 - Joint Stock Company "State Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" named after. V.V. Bakhireva Today, JSC GosNIIMash is a modern research and production complex with a trademark, with research and development departments, a numerical simulation department, mechanical and equipment production and a well-equipped test base. The level of scientific and technical developments of JSC "GosNIIMash" is confirmed by more than 450 copyright certificates for inventions and 70 patents. Three employees of the Institute were awarded the title of Lenin Prize laureates, 19 - State Prize laureates, 5 - RF Government Prize laureates in the field of science and technology, 13 - Lenin Komsomol Prize laureates. More than 130 employees were awarded orders and medals of the USSR and the Russian Federation. The institute has 2 doctors and 9 candidates of sciences.

Anatoly Stepanovich Obukhov

obukhov.jpg">Anatoly Stepanovich Obukhov is a prominent Russian scientist in the field of explosion physics and a well-known designer of warheads (warheads) of guided missiles (UR), aviation bomb weapons, anti-tank grenade launchers and a number of other munitions (BP). Scientific supervisor and direct participant in the development, testing and organization of mass production of ammunition for various purposes for the Ground Forces, the Air Force and the Navy of the country. Doctor of Technical Sciences (1989), professor in chemical physics, including physics of combustion and explosion (1990), academician of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences (1993). A.S. Obukhov was born on October 16, 1936. in the city of Barabinsk, Novosibirsk region. In 1954 he graduated from school No. 92 in Barabinsk and in the same year entered the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Tomsk State University. V.V. Kuibyshev, who graduated with a degree in aerogasdynamics in 1959. (In 2013, Tomsk University published the book “Outstanding graduates of Tomsk University for 135 years of its existence” for its anniversary: ??A. S. Obukhov is the only one of the graduates of the Mekhmat in this book). In 1982 A.S. Obukhov completed a full course of training for senior government managers at the Academy of National Economy of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1990 he graduated from the Higher Defense Courses of the Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. A.S. Obukhov is a well-known ammunition specialist, has worked in the ammunition industry for more than 40 years, having gone from engineer to General Designer and General Director: - Engineer, Senior Engineer, Senior Researcher, Head of Sector, Head of Laboratory, Head of Department of the Altai Research Institute of Chemical technologies (1959-1970); - Deputy Director for Research at DNIKhTI - Chief Designer of the Special Design Bureau for the development of warheads (warheads) of guided missiles (UR) (1971-1977); - General Director-Chief Designer of the Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering (currently JSC GosNIIMash) (1977-1982); - General Director - General Designer of NPO Bazalt (currently JSC NPO Bazalt) (1982-2000). He was appointed General Designer (the first in the ammunition industry) by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated June 14, 1990 No. 546. In 1970, the Minister of Machine Building of the USSR V.V. Bakhirev decided to create a special design bureau (SKB) on the basis of DNIKhTI to develop warhead missiles. In November 1970 V.V. Bakhirev, by his order, transfers the head of the SKB ANIIKhT department, Ph.D. Obukhov to the post of head of the department of the created SKB DNIKhTI, and in September 1971 A.S. Obukhov, by order of the Minister, is appointed Deputy Director for Research - Chief Designer for the development of warheads UR. In a short time, he created a workable team, formulated topics and launched extensive experimental and theoretical studies in the field of explosion physics (the theory of detonation, throwing bodies by detonation products, fragmentation of shells, cumulation, propagation and interaction of shock waves in dense media, high-speed impact and penetration, vulnerability of targets, etc.) and the design of warheads (high-explosive fragmentation, rod, penetrating, cumulative, cassette). At the same time, an experimental, equipment and production base was created. In a short time, a unique test complex was created as part of a test site for full-scale ground and underwater tests of warheads and complex stands: electron-optical and X-ray pulse studies of explosion physics processes, full-scale studies of target vulnerability and high-speed impact physics, strength and operational studies of warhead characteristics in conditions of kinetic heating, overloads, power and deep-water loading. To date, there is no such complex in any of the organizations involved in the development and design of ammunition. In 1977 A.S. Obukhov with the support of the Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR Bakhirev V.V. and Deputy Minister Puzyrev N.G. creates NIIMASH on the basis of SKB DNIKhTI and is appointed its first director and chief designer. Under his leadership and personal creative participation in NIIMASH, for the first time in the world, penetrating warheads for anti-ship missiles, unique warheads for anti-submarine missiles, rod warheads for UR, cluster warheads for UR and a number of other highly effective munitions were created; new results have been obtained in the theory of detonation, cumulation, collision, propagation of shock waves; highly informative methods for diagnosing fast processes have been created. The Institute became the head organization of the ammunition industry according to the fixed nomenclature. For the first time in the industry, A.S. Obukhov applied the methods of the theory of similarity and dimension and numerical methods of continuum mechanics to study the explosive throwing of fragmentation shells and substantiated the physical model of shell throwing by detonation products. On the basis of this model, computational complexes for numerical studies of the formation of fragmentation damage fields have been developed. A.S. Obukhov formulated the modular principle of ammunition design and, together with his colleagues, developed the concept of a multifactorial and multifunctional damaging effect of the BP, which became the basis for the development of comprehensive targeted programs for the creation of promising BP for various purposes. Under the leadership of A.S. Obukhov and with his direct creative participation, more than 50 types of BP for various purposes for the ground forces, air force and navy of the country were developed, put into service, mastered in mass production and delivered to the troops. Many of them still do not have foreign analogues or surpass them in terms of their tactical and technical characteristics. In June 1982, the Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR V.V. Bakhirev, in agreement with the defense department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, translates Obukhov A.S. to the position of General Director of NPO "Bazalt". Since 1982 A.S. Obukhov headed the State Research and Production Enterprise "Basalt" for 18 years. Under the leadership of A.S. Obukhov began a purposeful modernization and improvement of the scientific, technical, experimental and production base of the enterprise, its large-scale equipping with new equipment, highly informative recording complexes and equipment, powerful computer systems, test benches and equipment. Under his leadership and personal participation in research and testing at the enterprise, the methods of mathematical and physical modeling of the processes of functioning of ammunition, computer-aided design systems were further developed and used, which made it possible to carry out parametric optimization of the design characteristics of the product in the process of a computational experiment. Based on the formulated and developed by A.S. Obukhov, under his leadership, developed a promising, rational system of aviation bomb weapons, which has no analogues, which allows several times to increase the efficiency of aviation with a significant reduction in the range of samples. Under the leadership of A.S. Obukhov, for the first time in the world, rounds from tandem warheads for RPG-7, RPG-27, RPG-29 grenade launchers, single bomb clusters with self-aiming and concrete-piercing submunitions and a number of other ammunition have been developed at the GNPP "Basalt" for the first time in the world. Formulated (together with V.M. Bazilevich) and implemented the modular principle of designing grenade launchers. GNPP "Basalt" has become a recognized leader in the country and the world in the creation of highly efficient, In 1992, thanks to the efforts and perseverance of A.S. Obukhov, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 25, 1992 No. 1354-R, GNPP Bazalt, one of the first defense industry enterprises, was granted the right to conduct foreign economic activity on the issues of concluding contracts for the development and supply of ammunition abroad. By 2000, the enterprise entered the top ten enterprises of the country in terms of export deliveries of ammunition and gained a steady reputation not only among the ordering departments of the Ministry of Defense, but also on the international arms and ammunition market. A.S. Obukhov is the author of more than 300 published works and more than 130 inventions, a significant part of which has been implemented in the development of ammunition. The main scientific activity is connected with the creation and development of the physical foundations for the design of ammunition, research in the field of physics of explosion and throwing of bodies and shells by detonation products, the development of information-measuring systems and methods for diagnosing the processes of explosion, throwing and high-speed impact. A.S. Obukhov is the founder and head of the scientific school for the development of methods for physical and mathematical modeling of the processes of functioning of the BP. Under his scientific guidance, six candidate and two doctoral dissertations were completed and successfully defended. A.S. Obukhov actively participated in the public life of the industry and the country. He was elected a deputy of the City Council of the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region and a deputy of the District Council of the Pervomaisky district of Moscow, a member of the City Committee of the Trade Union of workers in the defense industries of Moscow. A.S. Obukhov was elected a delegate to the 28th Congress of the CPSU. A.S. Obukhov was a member of the editorial boards of a number of scientific and technical journals in the industry, took an active part in organizing the League of Defense Enterprises, which included more than 300 defense enterprises of the country, and was a member of the Presidium and Vice President of the League for more than 10 years. Together with the leaders of a number of enterprises in the industry, A.S. Obukhov participated in the reconstruction of the Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences and has been its academician since its foundation. Labor and scientific activity of A.S. Obukhov was awarded high state awards and honorary titles. A.S. Obukhov was awarded the highest scientific prizes of the country: laureate of the Lenin Prize (1986), laureate of the USSR Council of Ministers Prize in the field of science and technology (1981), laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1997). A.S. Obukhov was awarded the titles: "Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation" (2000), "Honored Worker of the Ammunition and Special Chemicals Industry (2000), laureate of the Ministry of Defense Industry Prize (1997). He was awarded the Order of Lenin (1990), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1981), the Order of the Badge of Honor (1975), and three medals. https://ktrv.ru/about/structure/ https://nvo.ng.ru/history/2002-08-02/5_factory.html

DP-27 (Degtyarev Infantry Model 1927)

DP ( Degtyareva infantry, GAU index - 56-R-321) - a 7.62 mm light machine gun developed by Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev. The DP machine gun quickly gained popularity, as it successfully combined the power of fire and maneuverability.The infantry Degtyarev was notable for its ease of manufacture - its production required two times less pattern measurements and transitions than for a revolver, and three times less than for a rifle. By the standards of the late 1920s - early 1930s, for a light machine gun chambered for a powerful cartridge for the Mosin rifle (the modern cartridge designation is 7.62 * 54R), the DP-27 was very light and maneuverable. Its weight with 47 rounds equipped with a disk magazine was 11 kg 820 grams. Later, due to the abolition of a number of technological operations, the mass of the machine gun began to be almost 12 kg. Automation works on the principle of removing part of the powder gases from the bore, locking is carried out by two lugs, which were bred to the sides when the massive drummer moved forward. Due to the long travel of the moving parts and their mass, the DP-27 had a fairly low rate of fire (500-600 shots / min.) This made it possible to better control the machine gun during firing, significantly reduce the overexpenditure of ammunition and, as a result, avoid overheating of the weapon. DP-27 allowed only automatic fire. Shooting was carried out from the so-called "rear sear". That is, before the shot, the bolt of the machine gun is in its rearmost position. When the trigger is pressed, the bolt carrier with the bolt under the action of the reciprocating mainspring intensively move forward, the bolt captures the cartridge from the disk magazine, sends it into the chamber and immediately the massive drummer pierces the primer. There is a shot. The powder gases discharged from the bore act on the bolt carrier, throwing it to the rearmost position, simultaneously extracting the spent cartridge case down. Having reached the extreme rear position, the moving parts move forward again to produce the next shot. This will be until the magazine remains cartridges or until the trigger is released. Fully satisfying the pre-war requirements of the Red Army, the DP-27 became the most massive machine gun of the Great Patriotic War. However, the operation on the Karelian-Finnish Isthmus and the Mannerheim Line revealed some shortcomings of the machine gun. The main one was overheating from intense firing of the reciprocating mainspring located directly under the barrel shroud. From heating, the spring lost its elastic properties, which led to rapid wear of the weapon. The barrel of the machine gun is interchangeable, but it is almost impossible to quickly change it. Heat-resistant gloves and a key from the DP-27 accessory kit were required, since the red-hot barrel was held very tightly in the seat. Spare barrels for the DP-27 were also not supposed to. However, at the time of the development of the machine gun in the late 1920s, the replacement of the barrel for a light machine gun was not required according to the terms of reference. The first ten serial DP machine guns were manufactured at the Kovrov plant on November 12, 1927 (therefore they were called DP-27), then a batch of 100 machine guns was transferred to military trials, as a result of which on December 21, 1927 the machine gun was adopted by the Red Army. DP became one of the first samples of small arms created in the USSR. The machine gun was massively used as the main weapon of fire support for infantry at the platoon-company level until the end of World War II. From 1939 to mid-1941, the number of light machine guns in the troops increased by 44%, and on June 22, 41, there were 170.4 thousand light machine guns in the Red Army. This type of weapon was one of those with which the formations of the western districts were provided even beyond the state. The Degtyarev machine gun became the most massive machine gun of the Armed Forces of the USSR for two decades - and these years were the most "military". In addition to the Soviet Union, machine guns DP (DPM) were in service with the armies of the GDR, China, Vietnam, Cuba, North Korea, Poland, Mongolia, Somalia, Seychelles. The PDM machine gun was produced in China under the designation "Type 53", this option was used in Vietnam, it was in service with the Albanian army. Caliber, mm 7.62 Applicable cartridge 7.62X54R Mass of weapon without cartridges, without bipod, kg 8.5 Weight without cartridges, with bipod, kg 7.72 Barrel weight, kg 2.0 Bipod weight, kg 0.73 Machine gun length with / without flash suppressor, mm 1272 / 1147 Barrel length, mm 605 The length of the rifled part of the barrel, mm 527 Number of grooves 4 Type of rifling Right hand, rectangular Muzzle velocity (light bullet arr. 1908), m/s 840 Sighting range, m 1500 Killing range, m 2500 Maximum flight range pool, m 3 800 Sighting line length (maximum), mm 616.6 Sight division price, m 50 Type of shooting, rds / min. 605 Combat rate of fire, rds / min. 100 - 150 Disc magazine capacity (limited), ammo 10 (47) Weight of magazine with cartridges, kg 2.6 - 2.85 Line of fire height, mm 345 - 354 Number of grooves 4 Accuracy of hit (three rounds at 100 meters), mm 150

PPSh (Tokarev) carbine

Characteristics Caliber, mm 7.62 Used cartridge, mm 7.62x25 (TT - Tokarev) Length, mm 843 Barrel length, mm 269 Weight (cartridges), kg 3.6 Weight (with equipped drum magazine), kg 5.3 Weight (with equipped sector magazine), kg 4.15 Rate of fire, shots / min 1000 Muzzle velocity, m/s 500 Sighting range, m 200 - 300 Maximum range, m. 400 PPSh is an automatic hand firearm designed for firing bursts and single shots. The legendary Shpagin PPSh is a Soviet submachine gun developed in 1940 by designer G.S. Shpagin chambered for 7.62 × 25 mm TT and adopted by the Red Army on December 21, 1940. In 1942, when the machine-building plant No. 367 in the city of Vyatskiye Polyany started operating, where Shpagin himself organized production, it became much easier to supply weapons to the troops. Further, the Stalin Automobile Plant (ZIS) and more than a dozen machine-building plants were included in the production of PPSh. The total production of only PPSh during the war amounted to approximately six million pieces. PPSh was the most massive automatic weapon of the Soviet infantry during the Great Patriotic War. It was in service with tankers, artillerymen, paratroopers, scouts, sappers, signalmen. It was widely used by Soviet partisans in the territory occupied by the Nazis. It consisted of only five parts, which ensured its rapid study and development by the Red Army, and was also easy to maintain and repair. The production of PPSh continued throughout the Great Patriotic War. In 1942, a new modification was proposed - PPSh-42, a slightly modified form, but the PPS-43 won the competition, which, along with the PPSh-41, was put into service. The PPSh was put into service in 1941, as a result of a competition in which its rival was the Shpitalny submachine gun . Both designs were found suitable for use, but the Shpagin model was adopted as more technologically advanced. German troops also used captured PPSh, some in the original version, some after processing for 9 × 19 mm Parabellum cartridges and MP-40 magazines . Such PPs in the Wehrmacht were called: 9-mm Maschinenpistole 717 (r) (a conversion kit was developed from a 9 mm barrel and an adapter for magazines from MP.38 / 40. In turn, the SS preferred the PPSh in its original version, moreover, with a drum magazine. PPSh is an automatic hand firearm designed for firing bursts and single shots. It is reliable, shoots in any conditions, even in very cold weather. The striker in the cold reliably breaks the primer, hands do not “freeze” to the wooden butt, and the large bracket allows you to shoot even in fur gloves. The sturdy wooden buttstock is handy to use in hand-to-hand combat. High, over 900 rounds per minute rate of fire, which created a high density of fire. With an aiming range of 500 - 400 m (in the early version), the actual range of fire in bursts is about 200 m, an indicator that significantly exceeds the average level of weapons of this class. In addition, thanks to the use of the 7.62 TT cartridge, in contrast to the 9 mm Parabellum or .45 ACP (used in foreign PPs), as well as the relatively long barrel, a significantly higher muzzle velocity of the bullet was achieved (490 m / s versus 380 m / with the MP-40 and 280 m / s for the Thompson submachine gun), which gave the best flatness of the trajectory, which allowed single fire to confidently hit the target at distances up to 300 m, as well as to fire at a greater distance, compensating for the decrease in accuracy with a higher rate of fire or concentrated the fire of several shooters. High rate of fire, on the one hand, The advantages of the PPSh include the large capacity of the drum magazine (71 rounds) compared to the MP-40 (32 rounds), but a larger number of rounds significantly increased the weight and dimensions of the weapon, and the reliability of the drum magazine was relatively low. The "horn" magazine was lighter and more reliable, however, equipping it with cartridges was more difficult due to the restructuring of the cartridges at the exit from two rows into one: the next cartridge had to be brought under the jaws in a downward and backward movement. The disadvantages include the relatively large size and weight, the difficulty of replacing and equipping the drum magazine, an insufficiently reliable fuse, as well as the possibility of a spontaneous shot when falling on a hard surface, which often led to accidents; a fiber shock absorber had a low survivability, softening the impact of the bolt on the receiver in the rear position, after the shock absorber wore out, the bolt broke the back of the box. In the civilian version of PPSh-41, this is a PPSh-O carbine in which the possibility of firing in bursts is excluded by fixing the translator in the position of a single fire. For shooting from a carbine, hunting cartridges of 7.62x25 caliber are used. Technically, PPSh-O works on the principle of a free shutter. Fire is fired from the rear sear (from the open bolt). The drummer is fixedly mounted on the shutter mirror. The bolt box and barrel casing are stamped from steel, the front part of the barrel casing protrudes forward beyond the muzzle and serves as a muzzle brake-compensator. A similar scheme is often used in the development of submachine guns. After the war, PPSh was actively supplied abroad, mainly to the Warsaw Pact states. A significant number of these submachine guns were delivered to China. After being withdrawn from service in the USSR, PPSh continued to be supplied to pro-Soviet states in various regions of the world. It was used in some African countries until the 1980s. It was produced in North Korea under the name "Model 49", China - "Type 50" and Hungary ("48.Minta"). During the Vietnam War 1964-1973. in Vietnam, a modification of the PPSh K-50 was made. https://modernfirearms.net/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110604125306/http://world.guns.ru/machine/rus/maxim-m1910-30-r.html

Maxim machine gun model M1910

The Maxim machine gun of the 1910 model ( GRAU Index - 56-P-421 ) is a variant of the Maxim machine gun , widely used by the Russian and Red armies during World War I and World War II . The machine gun was used to destroy open group targets and enemy fire weapons at a distance of up to 1000 meters. The production of Maxim machine guns of the 1910 model and later of 1910/30 continued in the USSR until the end of the Second World War, this machine gun was the main machine gun of the Russian army in both world wars, proving to be difficult to manufacture and maintain, but also durable and reliable (with proper care) weapons. The main disadvantage of this machine gun was its significant mass assembled with the machine, which significantly reduced the maneuverability of the weapon. The Maxim machine gun was adopted by the Russian army at the end of the 19th century. Emperor Alexander III personally took part in its tests, who approved the new weapon and, in fact, replaced the term "Maxim's automatic card case" with the more familiar "machine gun". Initially, Russian machine guns were loaded with 4.2-linear (11-mm) black powder cartridges from the Berdan rifle and 3-linear cartridges with a rounded bullet. Only in 1910 did a 7.62 × 54 mm machine gun appear, which was much lighter, more reliable and easier to handle than previous modifications. The first machine guns were created in the eighties of the 19th century. The most famous system was the design of the Briton of American origin Sir Hiram Maxim (Hiram Maxim). Being developed back in the days of black powder cartridges, this system laid down the basic principles for the creation of machine guns for the next sixty to eighty years. These principles included the use of moving barrel automation, which uses the recoil energy of a massive barrel during its short stroke, water cooling of the barrel, providing the possibility of firing at high intensity, and belt feed. In the period from 1883 to 1895, Maxim patented a number of automatic weapon systems, but only one, based on the use of the recoil energy of the barrel during its short course, received real development. Maxim based the locking unit on a solution borrowed from the Winchester M1866 carbine with a cranked lever pair that rigidly blocked the bolt in the dead center position. In the next decade, Maxim not only brought this system to a level that allowed mass production and use in real combat operations, but also very actively "promoted" it commercially, using the demonstration of his machine gun in front of various high-ranking persons - generals, as an excellent marketing ploy. ambassadors of various countries and even crowned persons (for example, before the German Kaiser Wilhelm and the Russian Emperor Alexander III). Maxim machine guns were most widely used in Europe - the main users and manufacturers (under license) of this system before and during the First World War were Germany, the Russian Empire and Switzerland. The Russian Empire acquired a license for the production of Maxim machine guns from the British company Vikkers, and the production of machine guns in Russia was delivered at the Tula Arms Plant. "Maxim" was practically the only machine gun of the Russian army at the beginning of the First World War. However, machine guns of this design were the main ones in the armies of all warring parties. Maxims, coupled with barbed wire, were the main reason for the transition to positional warfare: two or three machine guns could destroy an entire battalion. Some shot several tens of thousands of rounds a day. It was also the first air defense weapon in Russia; mounted on a tripod, "Maxim" was a very formidable weapon, capable of destroying the structure of any primitive plywood aircraft in one burst. He also became the main machine gun of the Civil War in Russia; both Reds and Whites fired it at each other. One of the symbols of the Reds was a tachanka - a two-horse cart with a Maxim installed on it. The Maxim machine gun is an automatic weapon based on automatic recoil of the barrel with a short stroke. As the shot is fired, the powder gases send the barrel back, setting in motion the reloading mechanism, which removes the cartridge from the cloth tape, sends it to the breech and at the same time cocks the bolt. After the shot is fired, the operation is repeated anew. The trigger system is designed only for automatic fire and has a fuse against accidental shots. The machine gun is powered by cartridges from a slide-type receiver, with a cloth or metal tape with a capacity of 250 rounds, which appeared later. The sighting device includes a rack-mounted sight and a front sight with a rectangular top. Some machine guns could also be equipped with an optical sight. The Maxim M1910 machine gun is an automatic weapon with a water-cooled barrel. The barrel casing is steel, most often corrugated, with a capacity of 4 liters. On machine guns produced after 1940, the neck for filling the casing with water was enlarged (similar to Finnish machine guns of the same system), which made it possible to fill the casing not only with water, but also with snow or crushed ice. Machine gun automation uses the recoil of the barrel during its short course. The barrel is locked by a cranked pair of levers located between the bolt and the receiver rigidly connected to the barrel. After the shot, the barrel with a movable system begins to roll back until the cocking handle mounted on the rear axle of the lever pair hits with its curly shank a roller located on the receiver. The interaction of the cocking handle with the roller causes it to turn down, which in turn causes the crankshaft pair to move out of the dead center and causes it to “fold” down. The return spring is located under a separate casing on the outside on the left side of the receiver, and is connected to an eccentric on the axis of the rear locking lever. The spring, unlike most systems, works in tension and not in compression. The barrel with the shank then stops, and the bolt (“lock”) connected to the lever pair continues to move back, while simultaneously removing a new cartridge from the tape and a spent cartridge case from the barrel. When the movable system rolls forward, the new cartridge is lowered to the barrel line and sent to the chamber, and the spent cartridge case is fed into the cartridge case outlet channel located below the barrel. Spent cartridges are ejected from the weapon forward, under the stem. To implement such a feed scheme, the shutter mirror has a T-shaped vertical groove for the sleeve flanges, and in the process of rolling back and forth moves up and down, respectively. Cartridges are fed from canvas (later non-loose metal) tape, from right to left. The slide feed mechanism of the tape is driven by a movable barrel. The machine gun allows only automatic fire. Shooting is carried out from a closed shutter. To control fire, the machine gun has a pair of vertical grips placed on the butt plate of the receiver, and a trigger located between the grips. The machine gun was equipped with a rack-mounted sight, which had markings for light and heavy bullets from 0 to 2200 and 2600 m, respectively. The rear sight also had a mechanism for introducing lateral corrections. In 1930, the machine gun was again modernized, the following changes were made to the design: a folding butt plate was installed, in connection with which the right and left valves and the connection of the release lever and traction changed; the fuse was moved to the trigger, which eliminated the need to use both hands when opening fire; a return spring tension indicator is installed; the sight has been changed, a stand and a clamp with a latch have been introduced, the scale has been increased on the rear sight of the side adjustments; a buffer appeared - a holder for a shield attached to the casing of a machine gun; the filling hole was enlarged and a drain valve for the pouring hole was made; in winter conditions, the casing could now be filled with ice and snow; introduced a separate striker to the drummer; for shooting at long distances and from closed positions, a heavy bullet mod. 1930, optical sight and goniometer - quadrant. The standard carriage for the Russian Maxim machine gun was the wheeled machine of the Sokolov system, equipped with a steel protective shield (weighing about 11 kg), and in the period before the First World War, also a pair of folding legs, which made it possible to raise the line of fire if necessary. Sokolov's machine allowed firing only at ground targets. In 1939, Vladimirov's universal wheeled machine was additionally adopted for the Maxim machine gun, which allowed firing at both ground and air targets. At the Vladimirov machine, the U-shaped trunk of the machine was replaced by three tubular supports, in the stowed position or in the position for firing at ground targets, folding into a single trunk. In the position for firing at air targets, these three supports were disconnected and unfolded into an anti-aircraft tripod, and the wheels and shield were detached. By the end of the 1930s, the Soviet command decided to replace the Maxim with a new machine gun, lighter and more convenient. However, this did not succeed; the DS-39 machine gun showed its extreme unreliability, and the SG-43 was brought to perfection only at the height of the war. In May 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of Armaments of the USSR D.F. Ustinov, a competition was announced for the development of a new machine gun for the Red Army (to replace the Maxim machine gun in the 43rd rifle division of the Leningrad Front (which fought in the forest and swampy areas), a light tripod for the Maxim machine gun weighing 5.6 kg was developed, which was produced for the troops of the Leningrad Front, in 1944 an improved tripod for the machine gun was developed in the 18th Army "Maxim". On May 15, 1943, the Goryunov SG-43 heavy machine gun with an air barrel cooling system was adopted by the Red Army , which began to enter the troops in June 1943. But the Maxim machine gun remained the main heavy machine gun of the Red Army until the end of the war and continued to be produced by enterprises in the structure of the People's Commissariat for Armaments - at factory number 74 and factory number 524 in Izhevsk , factory number 535 and factory number 536 in Tula, factory number 66 and plant number 385 in Zlatoust , plant number 106 in Khabarovsk. By April 1945, about 51,000 machine guns had been manufactured at the Tula Arms Plant, and only 1,975 machine guns had been manufactured by the Leningrad Machine-Building Plant [ The Maxim machine gun finally left the stage only at the end of the 1970s, having managed to take part in the wars in Korea and Vietnam. The machine gun was also returned to service with the Ukrainian territorial defense forces during the Russian invasion of 2022. As of February 2022, about 35,000 M1910 machine guns manufactured in 1920-1950 were in the warehouses of the Ukrainian army. The high efficiency of the machine gun in defensive battles was noted. A modified machine gun with a collimator sight provides an effective firing range of up to 3 km and an aiming range of up to 1000 meters. Machine gun Maxim arr. 1910/1930 Classification: Machine gun Time: 1910 - 1975 Weight (without cartridges, kg): 20 kg (machine gun body without water) + 4 kg (water) + 43 kg (Sokolov machine with a shield) 67.3 kg total Length (mm): 1067 mm Caliber: 7.62 mm Applicable cartridge: 7.62×54mm USM: Impact type, fire mode - automatic Rate of fire (per minute): 600 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity (m/s): 740 m/s Muzzle energy (joule): 2,740 joules Sighting range (m): 1 500 meters Magazine capacity: 250 rounds Developer Hyrem Stevens Maxim Developed 1910 Production 1910—1939, 1941—1945 Options M1910/30 Finnish M/09-21 Characteristics Weight 20.3 kg (body), 64.3 kg (with machine) [1] Length 1067 mm [2] Barrel length 721 mm [2] Service 2 Projectile 7.62×54 mm R Projectile weight 9.6-13.6 g Caliber 7.62 mm Action recoil of the barrel , crank and connecting rod Rate of fire 600 Muzzle velocity 740 m/s Power system metal or canvas tape for 250 rounds https://web.archive.org/web/20170314084619/http://niipm.perm.ru/ The Research Institute of Polymer Materials (NIIPM) is part of the Tekhmash Concern of the Rostec State Corporation. The Scientific Research Institute of Polymer Materials , founded in 1950 and transformed into a joint-stock company in 2012, is one of the largest enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex, developing promising samples of gunpowder, solid rocket fuels, low-gas and igniter compositions and charges based on them, the technological processes of their manufacture for samples of weapons and military equipment of all types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The main activities of NIIPM Performing research and development work on the development of gunpowders and solid rocket fuels for charges for missile defense, air defense, MLRS systems, cruise missiles, aviation weapons, artillery, means of emergency rescue of flight personnel, melee weapons, strategic complexes, space defense systems, missile weapons of the Navy; Fire bench tests of charges for solid propellant rocket motors of various classes for modern weapons systems and military equipment with simulation of climatic operating conditions (from -60°? to +60°?) with forecasting service life; Utilization of rocket engines of various classes with an expired shelf life at a closed (environmentally friendly) bench complex equipped with a system for catching and cleaning combustion products with a closed cycle. Main tasks of NIIPM Ensuring the implementation of the production program for research and development, state defense order, FTP, military-technical cooperation and civilian products. Optimization and improvement of the efficiency of the use of production capacities and other resources of the enterprise. Preservation, strengthening and development of human and scientific potential. The staff of the enterprise is represented by specialists of a high scientific and technical level: 9 doctors of sciences , 43 candidates of sciences, 27 graduate students and applicants work at the institute. NIIPM specialists annually take an active part in Russian and international conferences and competitions . Thanks to a highly developed intellectual and research base, the institute closely cooperates with scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, national research universities of Russian cities, development enterprises, design bureaus and factories. Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated December 27, 1949 No. 5767-2167 "On the creation of backup research institutes, design bureaus and pilot plants for jet technology in the Ministry of Agricultural Engineering". Order of the Minister of Agricultural Engineering of the USSR dated 01.20.50 No. 32 "Organize on the territory of plant No. 98 (Molotov) the Research Institute NII-130 with pilot production - an understudy of NII-6 and NII-125" In accordance with the annual report of the Director of the Institute for 1951. The beginning of the systematic activity of NII-130 refers to the IV quarter of 1951. Order No. 118 of February 15, 1952 of the Moscow Agricultural Museum on the approval of the "Regulations on the State Research Institute-130 of the Ministry of Agricultural Engineering", giving the Institute the right of a legal institution. Order of the Civil Code of Ukraine No. 273 dated 10.65.63 on the transfer to the balance of plant No. 98 of the mechanical workshop 14 and experimental workshop 8. Order of the MOP No. 110 dated 03/06/66 on the renaming of NII-130 to NIIPM them. Butlerov. Order of the MOP No. 419 dated 06/29/66 on changing the name of the NIIPM them. Butlerov at NIIPM. Order of the MOP No. 753 dated 11/16/66 on the subordination of plant No. 98 to NIIPM. Order MM No. 126 dated 03/26/74 on the transformation of the NIIPM with the plant named after. CM. Kirov in NPO "Ural". Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated July 26, 1974 No. 442-30 on the renaming of NPO "Ural" to NPO. CM. Kirov. Order of the Ministry of Economy of the Russian Federation of December 25, 1998 No. 526 on assigning the name of the state unitary enterprise "Research Institute of Polymer Materials" (GUP "NIIPM") to the institute and on approval of the charter of the State Unitary Enterprise " NIIPM". Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.08.99 No. 906 on the inclusion of the institute in the "List of state-owned enterprises and organizations under the jurisdiction of the Russian Ammunition Agency". Certificate No. 1751 dated September 30, 1999 of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation on accreditation of SUE "NIIPM" as a scientific organization. Through the introduction of modern standards in the occupational health and safety management system (OSH and IS) at the enterprise, OAO NIIPM strives to build a legal framework for the effective functioning of the OH&S and IS. JSC "NIIPM" guarantees compliance with the law, the relevant sections of the collective agreement, other regulatory and legal acts in the field of labor protection and industrial safety and undertakes to constantly maintain the OSMS and industrial safety at the level of standards determined by law. JSC "NIIPM" ensures the safety and health of all members of the organization. JSC "NIIPM" recognizes and ensures the priority of the life and health of the company's employees in relation to the performance results. Its goals and principles are: to exclude injuries, occupational diseases, accidents and incidents at work. JSC "NIIPM" provides production control of industrial safety at hazardous production facilities of its enterprise, ensures the safe operation of hazardous production facilities and ensures readiness for localization and elimination of their consequences. https://www.impuls.ru/">NPO Impulse http://www.zaoimpuls.ru/">NPO Impulse valves https://www.npoimpuls.com/">NPO Impulse telecomm http://www.npo-imp.ru/">NPO Impulse food https://xn--h1agccffdrq5g.xn--p1ai/">NPO Impulse strategic C3I St. Petersburg impuls.gif">PJSC NPP IMPULSE is one of the oldest Russian companies in the defense complex, the history of which dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. A small shot-casting plant became the basis for the creation of a large research and production association producing military electronic equipment, civil radio engineering, and medical devices. Since 2010, the main shareholder of the enterprise is the Concern VKO Almaz-Antey. During the period of existence as part of the Concern, under the leadership of the General Director of the enterprise E.M. Chernyakhovsky, the company increased its revenue and labor productivity many times over, reached a high level of profitability, got rid of staff turnover, and more than doubled the share of young professionals. At present, PJSC NPP Impuls is an efficient research and production enterprise, compactly uniting a special design bureau, led by the chief designer of the enterprise M.V. Shakhmatov, and factory production under the supervision of the Deputy General Director - Production Director A.N. Fedoseev, focused on the production of products developed by SKB. PJSC "SPE "IMPULSE" is developing as a research and production enterprise that embodies the modern concept of a high-tech enterprise that develops radio-electronic subsystems and devices for customers and introduces them into production at its compact production facilities using outsourcing for a number of specialized technological processes and components. A distinctive feature of the enterprise is the ability not only to maintain the impeccable execution of the state order, but also to develop a number of conversion areas using the latest developments in the field of radio electronics. PJSC NPP IMPULSE today is an enterprise with a high research, technological, design and production potential, a reliable partner that strictly fulfills all its contractual obligations. Among the enterprises of the Aerospace Defense Concern "Almaz-Antey" there is one of the oldest weapons-oriented enterprises in Moscow - the Research and Production Enterprise "Impulse". Established in 1901 as the Moscow Shot and Cartridge Plant near the Pyatnitsky cemetery behind the Krestovskaya outpost, and later became part of the N. Vetter and E. Ginkel", the enterprise during the First World War worked for the "Organization of the Commissioner of the Main Artillery Directorate for the preparation of shells according to the French model, Major General S.N. Vankov" and was for the Organization the main supplier of ignition glasses for 3-inch grenades. During the Civil War, after nationalization, the plant was under the jurisdiction of the Central Board of Artillery Plants and produced rifle cartridges from spent cartridges. From 1922 to 1934, the Moscow Shot and Cartridge Plant, which was called Shot Plant No. 5, and then Plant No. 58 named after. K.E. Voroshilov, belonged to peaceful industries and produced hunting cartridges, flares, electrical capacitors. Starting from 1934-1935, ignition tubes, shells for tail charges of artillery mines, fuses for engineering mines appeared in the production program of plant No. 58. In 1938, a specialized design bureau for grenades of plant No. 58 (KB 30) was created, the designers of which made a significant contribution to the development of hand grenades, grenade launchers and fuses. In 1940, the famous RPG-40 anti-tank grenade developed by KB-30 (designer M.I. Puzyrev), which was in service until the end of the 50s, was put into service. In April 1941, a reinforced version of this RPG-41 grenade was adopted. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, almost 4,000 people worked at the plant. With the outbreak of war, Plant No. 58 evacuated part of the production to the Kirov region (production of the PP-3 squib, MUV mine fuse, RPG-40 and parts for RGD-33) and to the Sverdlovsk region (16, 20, 26 mm cartridge cases for mortar charges) , maintaining production at the site near the Krestovsky bridge and significantly developing it after the elimination of the immediate threat to Moscow. In 1941, the RG-41 hand grenade was developed and put into production (designer N.P. Belyakov and the UZRG fuse for F-1 and RG-41 grenades (designers A.A. Bednyakov and E.M. Viceni), in 1942 - improved hand grenade RG-42.In 1942, the designers A. A. Bednyakov, M. I. Puzyrev (there was a mistake in the name in the newspaper), E. M. Viceni and N. P. Belyakov became laureates of the Stalin Prize along with such outstanding designers as Ilyushin, Koshkin, Simonov, Shavyrin, Shpitalny, In 1943, the RPG-43 anti-tank cumulative grenade was put into service. Until the end of the war, KB-30 modernized the YaM-5 anti-tank box mines, developed the VKG-1 rifle anti-tank cumulative grenades, pistol grenades, dynamo-reactive throwing devices and cumulative mines for them, and a grenade launcher based on an anti-tank rifle. Plant No. 58 during the war years produced more than 62 million handles and cases for hand and rifle grenades, more than 62 million fuses for grenades and engineering mines, almost 190 million mortar and signal cartridges and 140 million squibs and detonators, a million sets of artillery canister. From 3.5 to 4 thousand people worked at the plant during the war. By the end of the war, civil production began to develop dynamically at plant No. 58, high-frequency induction hardening and drying units were developed and mastered, which were in great demand in industry, the production of cartridge cases for hunting cartridges was expanded to 16 ... production of household refrigerators and gas water heaters, toys. In August 1946, by Government Decree, Plant No. 58 was transferred to the State Research Institute No. 504 (GNII 504 or NII 504) as a pilot plant, NII-504 was relocated to Plant No. 58, and from that moment on, the enterprise was called NII-504 with Pilot Plant No. 58. NII-504 was established in November 1945 as part of the People's Commissariat of Ammunition by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 2893-848 "On the organization of research work on the creation of radar and electric fuses for ammunition." The Institute was given the following tasks: “to develop, according to the existing American model, a radar fuse fornews_6.jpgrockets intended for firing from an aircraft at an aircraft ..., to complete the development of a radar fuse for air bombs, causing an explosion of air bombs over a target, to organize research work on the development of radar fuses for: anti-aircraft artillery shells; ground artillery shells; mines of smoothbore artillery; rockets for firing at ground targets. The basis of the institute was two laboratories of the State Union Institute No. 44 (GSI-44), relocated from Vladimir to Moscow to a small plant No. 504. B.V. Karpov and A.A. Rassushina (who became deputy director of NII-504 for science and chief designer) created in 1944-1945 in Vladimir a prototype of a radar fuse for air bombs using miniature lamps of their own design. The development of radio fuses AR-01 (for air bombs), AR-11 (for jet aircraft projectiles), AR-21 (for anti-aircraft artillery) and AR-31 (for field artillery), development of special thyratrons and stabilizers begins. At the same time, equipment and control instrumentation were created. The range of works included scientific research institutes and factories of the electronic industry in Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Tomsk and other cities, which developed miniature shock-resistant vacuum tubes, capacitors, resistances and special power supplies according to the technical requirements of NII 504. The development of an optical non-contact fuse "Light" for air bombs was also carried out. A significant page was the participation of NII-504 in the Atomic Project in 1946 ... 1951. For the first domestic atomic bomb, RDS-1 and a number of subsequent samples, NII-504 is being developed under the guidance of A.A. Rassushina is a high-voltage source of initiation of the detonation system and a number of electronic units. In addition, in 1950 ... 1980, NII-504 developed a number of radar fuses for artillery ammunition and tactical missiles of the Ground Forces: for the 406-mm gun 2A3 "Kondensator-2P", for the 203-mm gun 2S7 "Pion" and 152-mm guns 2S5 " Hyacinth" and 2A36 "Hyacinth-B", for rocket complexes 2K1 "Mars", 2K4 "Filin" and 2K6 "Luna". In 1947 ... 1950, NII-504 develops the AR-32 radio fuse for the R-101 anti-aircraft missile, which, on the basis of the captured German Wasserfall missile, is being created and tested by NII-88 (now JSC TsNIIMash), chief designer S.P. Korolev. After the decision in 1950 by the Council of Ministers of the USSR to develop the first domestic air defense missile system "Berkut" (S-25), NII-504 in 1951 was involved in the development of a radio fuse for the first S-25 missile, and from 1953 it was completely re-profiled into the subject of radio fuses for anti-aircraft missiles. The first rocket radio fuse "Product 54" (chief designer N.S. Rastorguev) was put into service as part of the S-25 complex missile in 1955. The company independently developed the technology of small-sized shock-resistant lamps and magnetrons and was one of the industry leaders in this area. At the end of 1952, a branch of NII-504 was created on the basis of plant No. 571, where, together with part of the institute's staff (about two hundred developers and designers), the entire subject of radar and optical fuses for artillery and rockets was transferred. Later, the branch becomes a separate NII-571 (now JSC NPP Delta). Following the development of fuses for the S-25, a whole series of new responsible developments followed. In 1957, the radio fuse (RV) "Shmel" (chief designer B.F. Chelyshev) was put into service for the missile of the S 75 complex, in 1958 the RV "Snegir" (chief designer V.P. Ryumin) was developed for the R-8 "air -air", in 1961, the RW for the S-125 complex was put into service, in 1967 - the RW for the S-200 complex, in 1978 - the RW for the S-300P complex, in 1979 - the RW for the Buk complex, in 1983 - radio fuses in as part of the missiles of the Buk-M1 complex and the S-300F and Shtil marine complexes, in 1989 - RV for the Buk-M2 complex, in 1992 - RV for the S-300PMU complex. In 2007 - RV for the S-400 complex. For his great personal contribution to the development of air defense systems and the development of the Volkhov-M6 complex in 1981, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to B.V. Karpov. At the same time, for high labor achievements, the enterprise was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In parallel with the development of radio fuses for air defense missiles, Impuls successfully developed a number of new directions. Radio altimeters for high altitudes (tens of kilometers) were developed for the descent vehicles of the Venera-4,5,6 space stations, which successfully completed their missions in 1966-1969. The altimeter developed by NIIRTA was also used in the soft landing system of the Luna-16 station. NIIRTA also developed medical equipment. In the 70-80s, several modifications of the decimeter range physiotherapy apparatus "Ranet", "Ranet DMV-20", "Ranet-DM-7" were developed, which were widely introduced into medical practice and are produced to this day. In 1973 ... 1975. According to the medical and technical requirements of the TsVMU SA of the USSR, NIIRTA developed a set of radio equipment "Rose" for identifying and searching for the wounded on the battlefield. In 1975, a laser detonation height sensor was put into service as part of the missile of the Tochka tactical complex, the same sensor was subsequently used in the Tochka-R and Tochka-U missiles, a new generation laser sensor was put into service in 2012 in as part of the missiles of the Iskander-E complex. In 1976, an acoustic seeker for the APR-2 aviation anti-submarine missile was put into service. In 1983, a laser fuse for an anti-aircraft missile of the Tunguska complex, a television seeker "Crimea" for a corrected bomb KAB-500KR, a laser seeker for a 240-mm corrected mine "Smelchak", in 1986 - a laser seeker for a 152 mm KAS "Centimeter" were put into service. ". In the 1980s, the world's first infrared coordinators for self-aiming combat elements were developed, which were adopted in 1989 as part of the RBC-500 SPBE ("Motive-3") one-time bomb cluster and in the 90s as part of the RBC-500 SPBE-D and projectile MLRS "Smerch" ("Motive-3M"). SPBE with a new combined target coordinator is included in the equipment of the RBC-500 SPBE-K and the planning bomb cluster PBK-500 SPBE-K, the development of which is being completed by NPO Bazalt JSC. In 2018, a similar coordinator, developed under the leadership of M.V. Shakhmatov, was put into service as part of the PTKM-1R intellectual engineering anti-tank mine. In the 90s, Impulse found new directions that helped the team survive - a family of industrial electronic gas meters "Priz" was developed, a television system "Zenit" was developed to record and analyze the technical actions of hockey players during a match, tested on the basis of HC Dynamo ". The development of electronic non-verifiable barometric altimeters for missile control systems was started. The first such device was included in the Kh-31PD aircraft missile successfully adopted. For the first time in the world, thermoelectric Peltier modules on a metal base were created, and since 2002 spacecraft of the Soyuz-TMA type have been flying with a thermoelectric fuel tank cooling system developed by Impulse. During the transition of the country's economy to market relations, the enterprise was one of the first in the military-industrial complex to be corporatized and gained extensive experience in existing in market conditions, having managed to maintain the backbone of personnel and scientific and technical groundwork. A great contribution to the preservation of the team and the theme during this period was made by the First Deputy General Director V.N. Zenkevich and Deputy General Director for Economics and Finance G.N. Borisov. The enterprise has diversified the line of developed and manufactured products, using sensors and actuators of various physical nature, and today it develops and serially produces radio-electronic devices and equipment for the enterprises of the Concern VKO Almaz-Antey and a wide range of lead developers that meet the needs of the country in all areas of defense and civil technology - from engineering troops to space. In 2018 Ruselectronics Holding (affiliated to Rostec State Corporation) launched the production of personal computers featuring any configuration for general and special purposes at the Impulse Science-cum-Production Association (NPO Impulse) facilities in Saint Petersburg. Company specialists assemble computers that meet the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC) requirements, subject them to purpose-specific inspection, examination and certification for handling classified info. In the final analysis, the customer gets a workstation that exactly meets the specified requirements and is ready for certification to work involving national security information. “NPO Impulse is widely experienced in assembling computers to meet internal demand and is ready to enter the commercial market”, Ruselectronics media specialists noted. “According to our estimates, the cost of the finished computer assembled at NPO Impulse is 15-30% lower than that of competitors. Potential customers include state institutions, special departments and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation”. NPO Impulse also plans to organize a complete production and maintenance cycle to fabricate proprietary Elbrus processors based PCs. Boards production, components assemblage, piecing them with imported boards and installing in PC casings will be arranged at the pilot plant of the enterprise. Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered his military command on 27 February 2022 to put Russia's nuclear deterrent on "combat alert". A picture "suspected to be Putin's nuclear button" was circulated on the Internet. After verification, this is actually a device from the Soviet era, and it is currently preserved in the internal museum of the military-industrial unit NPO Impulse in St. Petersburg, Russia. . The two-story Impulse service office combines a co-working space and a public space with a coffee shop under one roof. The project was implemented in the building of the former NPO "Impulse" and became a place of attraction for residents of the northern regions of St. Petersburg. On a total area of 938 square meters, 176 smart office and open space workplaces, meeting rooms and common areas are equipped. Workplaces in Impulse are equipped with smart furniture, Logitech video conferencing system is connected in three meeting rooms, and high-speed Internet print stations are available for all clients. Guests of Impulse can have a short break in the equipped kitchen or one of the coffee spots with fresh pastries, fruits and specialty coffee. Informal communication is also supported in the service office - free time can be spent playing board games, at a master class, at a conversation club meeting or a Friday party.

Boris Vasilyevich Karpov

karpov.jpg">Boris Vasilyevich Karpov, an outstanding scientist, engineer, leader was at the origins of the transformation of Impulse into the leading radio-electronic enterprise in the ammunition industry and headed the "Impulse" from 1961 to 1988. Boris Vasilyevich was born on July 6, 1911 in the town of Gorodets, Gomel region. After graduating from a pedagogical college, in 1929-1933 he worked as a school teacher, director of a school. In 1938 he graduated from the Faculty of Physics of the Leningrad State University, while working at the Scientific Research Physics Institute of the Leningrad State University, from 1938 to 1941 he was a postgraduate student at the NIFI Leningrad State University and an assistant at the Leningrad Institute of Chemical Technology. In June 1941, he was transferred to work at the State Union Institute No. 44 (GSI-44, created in the 30s to develop fuses based on the electric principle of operation) and in August 1941 was evacuated together with GSI-44 to Vladimir, where until 1945 worked as an engineer, senior engineer and head of the laboratory of plant No. 521 of the People's Commissariat of Ammunition of the USSR. It was here, under the guidance of the future leaders of NII 504 (now PJSC NPP Impuls) A.A. Rassushina and B.V. Karpov in late 1944 - early 1945, the first domestic radio fuse was developed and tested on lamps of his own design "Acorn" for an aerial bomb. In 1944, Boris Vasilyevich defended his defense at the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology in the academic council headed by A.F. Ioffe, the thesis of a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, in 1945 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star for fulfilling the task of the Government. In 1944, Boris Vasilyevich defended his defense at the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology in the academic council headed by A.F. Ioffe, the thesis of a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, in 1945 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star for fulfilling the task of the Government. In 1944, Boris Vasilyevich defended his defense at the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology in the academic council headed by A.F. Ioffe, the thesis of a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, in 1945 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star for fulfilling the task of the Government. Since the formation in 1945 of the State Research Institute-504, merged with the existing since 1901 plant No. 58 named after. Voroshilov, Boris Vasilievich worked as the head of the laboratory, from 1948 to 1961 - the head of the department that created generator lamps for radio fuses and other applications. Under the leadership of B.V. Karpov, along with the designs of devices, unique technologies and technological installations were created - vacuum pumps, furnaces for vacuum and hydrogen annealing, installations for annealing in vacuum with high-frequency currents, specialized high-precision welding equipment. In department No. 6, for the first time in the country, low-power shock-resistant low-voltage magnetrons were created, which were subsequently used for many years in various products. The magnetrons of the department were installed on the Luna-16 self-propelled space station, Boris Vasilyevich was one of the leaders of fundamental work on short-range radar, a leading specialist and chief designer in the development of microwave generators, electronic vacuum devices, bandpass filters and other special devices for non-contact detonation of missile warheads, bombs and shells, an active participant in the development of systems Air defense S-25, S-75, S-125. During the work of B.V. Karpov as director of the Research Institute of Radio Engineering - NPO "Impulse", the enterprise became the leader in the development of radio-electronic means for undermining the warheads of missiles of air defense systems, the development of guidance systems and the correction of various ammunition. Under the leadership and with the direct participation of B.V. Karpov created more than 70 fuses for various weapons systems, radio fuses for S-200, S-300P air defense systems, radio and laser fuses for shells for artillery and missile systems Sapling, Kleshchevina, Tochka, Tunguska, heads correction of artillery ammunition with laser guidance "Smelchak" and "Sentimeter", target coordinators of self-aiming combat elements used in single-use bomb cassettes RBC-500 SPBE, RBC-500 SPBE-D, shells 9M55K1 MLRS "Smerch", Boris Vasilievich enjoyed great prestige in the industry, the trust of its leadership and the personal respect of the legendary Minister of Machine Building of the USSR V.V. Bakhirev. In the 70-80s, the enterprise carried out a large range of research work on the basics of creating precision-guided munitions: "Kostroma", "Karaganda", "Kulunda", "Klin", "Quality", "Kurgan", "Karadag", " Krep, Kargopol, Klaipeda, Kakheti, and others, all with ciphers starting with "K", as they said in the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering, as a sign of respect for the director of "Impulse". With B.V. Karpov, a large-scale reconstruction of the Impulse was carried out, a new large 12-story building appeared. The complex of buildings, which now houses PJSC NPP Impuls, was built in the last years of B.V. Karpov. The old-timers of the enterprise remember how the director walked around the territory of the enterprise every morning, controlling the progress of construction and delving into the problems that arose. Boris Vasilyevich was always in good physical shape, as he practiced yoga for many years. Along with the development management, Boris Vasilievich paid great attention to the introduction of advanced technologies and the development of the plant's technological service. The enterprise under his leadership has turned into a powerful multidisciplinary research and production complex with a developed experimental base and a full cycle of technological processes, has become one of the industry's flagships in the introduction of microassembly radio-electronic technologies. For many years B.V. Karpov headed the scientific and technical council of the enterprise, in the 70s he created and headed the basic department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology at the enterprise, and supervised the postgraduate studies of the enterprise. The authority of B.V. Karpov in the state and party bodies of the USSR allowed the enterprise during the years of his leadership to conduct significant housing construction, to obtain permits for registration in Moscow of promising young professionals. In the microdistrict "Gorodok Mossovet" (Rostokino), 13 multi-apartment residential buildings were built for the employees of the enterprise. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 1981, for his great personal contribution to the development and adoption of the S 300PS air defense system, Karpov Boris Vasilyevich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. For fruitful work in the team of our enterprise, Boris Vasilievich was awarded the titles of the Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1970), Honored Machine Builder of the RSFSR (1986), awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, Orders of the October Revolution, Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, "Badge of Honor" and medals. From 1988 to 2001, Boris Vasilyevich continued to work at the enterprise as a senior researcher, assistant to the general director. Boris Vasilievich died on October 18, 2005, he was buried at the Pyatnitsky cemetery, next to the enterprise to which he devoted the main part of his life. As early as June 2022 Jacob Barton of Army Futures Command suggested that " calculations derived from known Russian ammunition sources indicate that it has no more than 70 percent of it remaining. Coupled with a high failure rate – between 10 and 40 percent – among its ballistic missiles, and it explains why some Russian units are losing confidence in their ability to maintain this level of operational tempo. Equally as important, successful Ukrainian targeting of Russian logistics is limiting Russia’s ability to get ordnance to its forces in need. As the fight continues, supply chain disruptions from the resulting sanctions will further hinder Russia’s ability to bring in external sources of ammunition..." The Russian military must keep large supplies of ammunition close to the frontlines for resupply due to its reliance on artillery. These supplies present a particularly vulnerable and significant target, especially for long-range systems such as HIMARS. Longer-range HIMARS systems have been used to destroy Russian ammunition depots and command headquarters, take out strategic bridges, prepare the ground for a Ukrainian offensive, and target Russian units on the battlefield.

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Russian Ammunition Industry