Iranian Air Defense Radars

The task of the air defense complex in the field of observing the enemy is defined as the discovery, identification and announcement of news to various operating units. In this way, when the enemy enters the space, the relevant units, including interceptor aircraft and air defense systems, will react promptly. For this purpose, it is necessary to see the airborne radar's sharp eyes that can see all of the space itself, as well as the depths of the lands around the country, and carefully examine the targets at the same depth. In addition, in order to cope with threats in modern battles including planes, drones and radar hidden missiles, additional high-performance capabilities should also be created on radars.

Iran, having been using radar systems for many years, has been designing, manufacturing and producing radars of its kind in various frequency bands using the latest available technologies, while also providing external radars in accordance with the capabilities created and upgraded.

Iran's air defense missiles are all semi-active radar-guided missiles, like the American Nike missiles of the 1950s. The a radar on the ground sees the target and launches the interceptor missile. The two work closely with each other by radio commands. This allows the attacking airplane to launch an anti-radiation missile [ARM]. If the defense illuminates a target with a radar, the attacking aircraft understands this in few seconds and fires the ARM, which travels toward the center of the radar signal. Even if the plane is hit, the ARM finds its target. Even if the ground radar is turned off, it will still find go to the target's last location. One way to defeat this is with an active radar-guided missiles such as the S-300.

These air defense radars are largely long-range, and by creating a variety of frequency bands, the country's integrated air defense capabilities will successfully pave the way for a variety of small and large targets in the area of the country's sky. The emergence of new radar technology has led to the development of advanced prototypes that have been mutually mature in their ability to grow ahead of their generations. The phased array radar is a prominent example of these new products, which today are a variety of ground-based radar and aerial radar systems. In Iran, due to the very high scientific level of specialists, design and construction of phased array radars were on the agenda and several examples have been developed with various applications.

Phased arrays have high capabilities due to the use of new technologies. In these radars, for radar search, the main contribution to the radar antenna is to change the angle of propagation of waves. Rapid scanning of the environment (about milliseconds), high resistance to anti-electronic measures, and the very difficult detection of radar location by electronic receiver systems and enemy radar alarms are among the most important functional features of these advanced radars. It is also possible to jump the radar from one target to another at a time in the order of a few microseconds, the higher Gain of the radar antenna and less lateral emissions, which means more energy can be released in the desired direction, and the ability to provide agile beams that are under computer control Another advantage is the phased array radar.

There are a large number of transmitter and receiver elements in each of these radars, each of which is in fact a small radar with a harmonized function in general, the special capabilities of the phased array radars, such as the ability to simultaneously track hundreds of targets at different intervals and heights in The sky is distributed to the sky.

These radars have active and passive modes that can activate up to 1000 times per second in the active phase, and in the event of problems in some receiver and transmitter elements, the entire radar will not be disturbed. Phased array radars do not create a specific pattern of wave propagation, so enemy warning systems can not determine the exact location of the radar.

Also, phased array radar fire control systems are capable of guiding several missiles against several targets at a single time, and because they will change in a fraction of a second, it will be very difficult to identify the source of radiation for the enemy. When radar detected by the enemy or faced with electronic disturbances, they are resistant to the phase shift and are widely used in a wide range of areas, including weather radar, mounted on fighter jets, radar and radar for ballistic missile interception.

In 2017, the production line for three radar systems developed and developed by the Ministry of Defense's Electronic Industries Department in Shiraz was opened and launched, taking into account these three radars, the total radar introduced in the country reached the number 40, which have various air and surface surveillance applications.

There are examples of Iranian radars with only one name or image published and still remain unknown due to non-publication of the specification. Among them, the radar of the curved coastal cruise missile systems to the sea, the radar detected and identified the Faith-373 system and the phased array radar which was at the Defense Achievement Fair in 2011.

The radar set by the armed forces of Iran, which utilizes advanced technologies and the day-to-day world besides the high power of design and indigenous Iranian initiatives, has been constructed at different heights and races, with different operating frequencies and for various types of missions, with the desired performance of these radars at different times. Detecting various types of UAVs and enemy spy planes. These awakening eyes of Iranian air defense are widely available to operational units and have made the country unconnected with foreign production.

Air defense radars include scanning (search) radars and tracking or engagement (fire control) radars. The air defense mission is 1) to detect, track and identify all air vehicles entering the assigned air space, 2) to intercept unidentified objects, and 3) to shoot down or turn back hostiles (also called penetrators or intruders) soon after they enter defense sensor coverage. Search radars typically have ranges of several hundred kilometers, while engagement radars operate at ranges of tens of kilometers. A tracking radar is normally directed by a scanning radar, so the tracking radar can limit its search for a target to a very small range, azimuth and elevation sector at a time. Search radars use lower frequency transmissions to determine the general location of a target, while engagement radars operate at higher frequencies to achieve greater precision in target location. Search radars may support various air defense systems, while engagement radars are normally associated with a specific type of surface to air missile.