Iranian Air Defense Radars - Engagement
Air defense radars include scanning (search) radars and tracking or engagement (fire control) radars. The air defense mission is 1) to detect, track and identify all air vehicles entering the assigned air space, 2) to intercept unidentified objects, and 3) to shoot down or turn back hostiles (also called penetrators or intruders) soon after they enter defense sensor coverage. Search radars typically have ranges of several hundred kilometers, while engagement radars operate at ranges of tens of kilometers. A tracking radar is normally directed by a scanning radar, so the tracking radar can limit its search for a target to a very small range, azimuth and elevation sector at a time. Search radars use lower frequency transmissions to determine the general location of a target, while engagement radars operate at higher frequencies to achieve greater precision in target location. Search radars may support various air defense systems, while engagement radars are normally associated with a specific type of surface to air missile.
Mersad Radar
The Mersad (I-HAWK) was one of the radars displayed at the DoD's Defense Exhibit, which was held in September 2017, was a flat-panel sample that was introduced as a radar detecting the Mersad system. The radar is a three-dimensional active 3-D fused array finder radar with medium range. The radar can detect various types of attacking birds, including fighter jets and cruisers, at low altitudes and elevations, and position them accurately in 3 dimensions, and include the angular position and elevation angle with the fire control radar.
The Hafez radar can also change the beam in 2 dimensions and height at an extremely short time, detecting targets from a 250-kilometer distance, and simultaneously tracking targets (TWS capability), tracking 100 targets and positioning information. They will update them every few seconds for the weapon system. Due to its high resolution in range, angles and speeds, the Hafez radar can work well against the threats of a group that is flying close together.
In addition to the possibility of changing the angle of the waves in the horizontal direction, according to officials, the radar also has the ability to rotate 360 degrees on this page and uses the ability to scan electronically by changing the wavelength for vertical orientation. The antenna of this radar is changed to the operational position by two hydraulic jacks located on both sides of the horizontally (while moving the car carrier).
The radar has the ability to work 24 hours a day and, given its location on the truck, has a great mobility, is extremely exponentially expanding and ready for operation. The Hafez radar is equipped with advanced and up-to-date electronic warfare and is able to play an effective role in environments with electronic disturbances and electronic warfare, as well as in different weather and climate conditions. Given the news of the use of Sayyid missiles (possibly Sayyad -2) in the Mersad system, and given the higher range of these missiles than Shahin and Shalamche missiles, the new radar is likely to be developed for use with Sayyid missiles.
Explore, Joya, Hadi
These three radars are components of the Mersad Military Air Defense System. In this radar system, searching and discovering the purpose of "exploring" is the task of finding targets. The discovered targets are categorized and evaluated, and information is sent to the command and control unit. The Joya Post Tracker Radar also plays a role in helping find and track downhill targets.
With the help of this radar, Mersad has the ability to destroy targets at low altitude. By detecting the fire control center, the task of tracking and locking on targets that are more dangerously detected is provided to the "conductor" interceptor radar, and the radar, with which the electro-optical systems are connected and coordinated with it, provide the necessary information to guide the missile. The semi-active radar will hit the target for the moment.
The Mersad system has the ability to identify the target within 150 kilometers of the radar by locating it at a distance of 80 kilometers and targeting it at a maximum range of 45 kilometers. Due to the threat posed by the low radar cross-sectional targets (RCS), the design of this system has been a major effort to effectively engage with these threats, resulting in the ability to detect targets with very low cross-sections of about 0.5 square meters It is 110 kilometers away. With this feature, most advanced 4th-generation airborne missiles, drones, and aircraft become common targets for military personnel.
The radar of this system has high capabilities in the field of electronic and anti-jamming interactions, resulting in high stability in the battlefield.
Alvand
Alvand is the name of the radar system, which according to what officials said were three categories: short, medium and long range. At least two of them have been integrated into the units of the Khatam air defense base after completing all the tests. The radar is equipped with new anti-jam systems designed to meet the needs of the day. This system is poorly attested, and there do not appear to be publicly available photographs associated with this program.
Mesbah Air Defense Radar
The Mesbah Airborne Defense System uses a 3d short-range radar system to target and control fire. The radar, which consists of 9 linear elements, has the task of searching for and discovering targets, and, while identifying a friend from the enemy, provides angle-related data on the side, height, and distance to the target for the fire unit.
The radar, designed and manufactured indigenously by domestic professionals, has a low volume and high processing speed and increased fire precision for this system. Also, while 360-degree antenna travel, the ability to track targets at low altitude also includes the capabilities of this radar.
3rd Khordad radar system
According to the release of the 3rd Airborne Missile Defense System, this system has the ability to engage simultaneously with 4 targets and direct up to 2 missiles towards each of them. A phased array of 1,700 elements is the main radar of the system for tracking targets and directing rockets to it. Also due to the nature of the radar function and the lack of a specific pattern of radiation, it is very unlikely that its location will be detected by enemy systems.
With the help of the technological features of the phased array radars, the 3rd Airborne Defense System has achieved a high potential in comparison with other air defense systems operating in the country, most notably the ability to engage simultaneously with several targets at different heights and races. In addition, by firing two missiles towards each target, the probability of missiles is significantly increased, which is possible on the third Khordad system for all four conflicting targets, and simultaneously directing all of these missiles (at least in the initial stage of firing) from array radar tasks Phased 1700 is the German version of this system.
Tabas missile radar
The Tabas missile defense system has been designed and traced for destruction targets in the medium range and medium to high. The radar of this system is flat-panel, and it seems that it has the ability to change the mechanical angle in 2 horizontal and vertical directions. Although Tabas is designed to achieve less costly systems than the 3rd Khordad missile system, it has fewer targets for fighting, but due to the firing of missiles from the TAERER-2 family by the Tabas radar, it is naturally high and at least about 100 km is estimated.
Ya Zahra air defense missile system
The radar system of the missile defense system and its moving specimen, the 9th Amphibious, uses a radar with a curved antenna to lock on the target, with missile launchers on both sides. The radar tracks both the target and the missile, and the processing unit, with the information it generates, produces commands for delivering the missile to the target. The outer specimen of this radar operates in the same system on the J-band, and its range is about 15 kilometers.
The short-range missile air defense system "Yaz·hra 3" of the Construction of Aerospace Industries Organization, Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics , one of the latest achievements in the field of defense needs of the country. This defensive weapon is capable of identifying, tracking and destroying air targets such as aircraft, helicopters and UAVs in short range. The aerial defense system or Zahra (S) has the ability to connect to the national defense network and is able to deploy in any situation and effectively carry out its mission.
The ability to cope with multiple targets and simultaneously destroy them, speed up and fully automated tracking are among the other features of this defense system. "Zahra 3" is a completely indigenous system whose defense needs have been addressed by the air defense base to the country's air industry, and the benefits of this rocket system can be traced to it's animation and tactics; other obvious features of the system, its deployment in Different weather conditions.
The first product of the Zahra project, in the summer of 1998, was exhibited in an exhibition of defense achievements, including rockets and a capsule for carrying and launching it, and subsequently exposed to the Shahab Saqib missile system at various exhibitions.
Thunderbolt radar system
The Thunderbolt R-1 system was first introduced to the armed forces in 2017. Along with the missiles of this system, radar carriers were also seen, but details of the radar have not been released. This radar system is based on a truck with high mobility, and radar components are completely closed on the go. A small antenna connected to the fire units on the back of the truck.
Thunderbolt missiles are very similar to those of the Sam-6 Russian missile system. The main radar of this Russian air defense system, which is also available in Iran, is mounted on an armored chassis, including a radar detecting a target of 1S11 and a 1S31 radar for target tuning, with a variety of references to them, but a range of 75 to 90 kilometers for radar The 1S11 and up to 55 km for the 1S31 radar are more reliable. Therefore, if the performance specifications of the Thunder-1 missile system, which is possibly called Thondar-1, are similar to the Sam-6 missile, its radar performance characteristics should also be at least as much as the specifications of the radar system of the Russian system.
Belief System-373 BC-373
The long-range missile defense system of the BC-373, like the other similar missions, especially the S-300 system, uses radar. One of the radars displayed at the recent Defense and Defense Achievement Show on the new Zafar vehicle is the radar tracking of medium-to-high targets, which targets tracking of air targets and ballistic missiles.
The radar of the phased and mobile array that uses a rectangular flat panel antenna is comparable to the 96L6 radar, which has a Russian radar range of 5 to 300 kilometers and has the ability to trace up to 100 targets at speeds of 50 to 2800 m / s has it. For Iranian radar, the same performance can be estimated. The radar has the ability to rotate mechanical in the horizontal plane to cover 360 degrees, and its search in the vertical direction is also done by electronically rotated waves.
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