Types of Marine Survey Vessels
According to the task classification, marine survey vessels mainly include hydrographic survey vessels, marine survey vessels, scientific survey vessels, geological survey vessels, space survey vessels, marine surveillance vessels, and polar survey vessels.
Hydrographic survey ship is the most traditional measuring vessel. It can be divided into coastal, offshore, COSCO measuring vessels and navigational measuring vessels according to the measuring working range. The working range of coastal survey vessels is in coastal waters and waterways. The measured water depth is generally within 100 meters. The measuring vessel tonnage is mostly around 100 tons. It mainly completes the water depth measurement of the channel, and checks underwater obstacles and other operations related to navigation safety. The measurement range of offshore survey vessels is within 200 nautical miles. The measured water depth is generally within 1000 meters, and the tonnage is generally 600-2000 tons. Due to the large working space, in addition to water depth measurement, seabed topography, seabed topography, ocean magnetic force and ocean gravity measurement can be completed. The measurement range of the COSCO measuring ship is in the global sea area. The measured water depth is over 11,000 meters, and the tonnage is above 3,000 tons, which is typically 5,000 tons. The COSCO Sea has a wind resistance of 12, a range of more than 12,000 nautical miles, and a self-sufficiency of more than 60 days. It has enough space for marine surveying, marine meteorology, ocean hydrology, geophysics and other mission-specific measurement equipment to perform all-factory measurement tasks in any sea area.
Modern marine survey vessels have the same operational equipment, but the core mission of marine survey vessels is marine environmental monitoring. Therefore, its survey measurement system layout and scientists' preparation are designed according to the measurement requirements of ocean hydrology, marine meteorology, ocean physics and other marine environments. It mainly measures the marine water temperature, salinity, current, wave, tide, ocean temperature, humidity, atmospheric waveguide, wind speed, wind direction, infrared and other marine environments, as well as the measurement of marine physical parameters such as seabed sediment, gravity and magnetic force.
Scientific research vessel has the same functional layout as marine survey vessels and marine survey vessels. It only adds special laboratories for marine biology and scientific research, has longer self-sufficiency, and possesses special scientific research equipment such as marine biological collectors. Early scientific research vessels chose the catamaran type for the pursuit of operational space. The US Navy "Hayes" is one of the outstanding representatives. Its standard displacement is 3,420 tons, the main scale is 75.1 × 22.9 × 7.3 meters, the economic speed is 15 knots, the endurance is 7,500 nautical miles, the self-sufficiency is 20 days, and the crew 70 People (including 25 scientists).
Geological survey vessel has basically the same functional layout as marine survey vessels and marine survey vessels. The core task is the development of marine resources, and the measurement object is geophysical information. It usually has a strong towing capacity, mainly to operate a huge towed seismic system, to obtain rich geological resource information, and to have the ability to sample subsurface sediments and offshore drilling samples in the deep sea.
Marine surveillance vessels are used for marine acoustic environment monitoring. The main measurement method is tow the acoustic line array. In order to reduce the background noise of the measurement, the marine surveillance vessel is powered by electricity, and in special cases it is also powered by a battery. The measurement results of the marine surveillance ship are mainly used for military anti-submarine, potential exploration and target identification.
Polar survey ship is a measurement vessel that performs environmental surveys and scientific research in specific sea areas. It has the ability to withstand harsh environments and icebreaking operations. The powerful logistics supply system can support long-term operations in polar surveys. The polar survey vessel is a comprehensive survey vessel with icebreaking capacity. The ship is equipped with construction machinery, transportation tools and various supporting equipment necessary for polar inspection and construction. Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries have the largest number of Russians, and Japan has the most complete functions. In 1982, Japan built the "White Pelican" Antarctic research ship. The ship is a single icebreaker type with a full displacement of 17,600 tons, the main scale is 134×28×9.3 meters, the economic speed is 15 knots, the endurance is 20,000 nautical miles, and the self-power is 38. Day, the crew of 230 people (including 60 scientists). The ship is equipped with research institutes for marine surveying, hydrometeorology, hydroacoustics, geological biology, etc., equipped with winches and lifting equipment, and can carry two CH-53 transport aircraft, one OH-6 reconnaissance aircraft and 1,000 tons.
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