Marine Survey Instrumentation
Marine survey refers to the investigation of hydrological, meteorological, physical, chemical, biological, and sedimentary distribution and changes in a particular sea area. In the military field, marine surveys are also extremely important, including the study of ocean acoustics, the exploration of various topographical features on the seabed, and the use of deep-dive techniques. Only by fully understanding the ocean can we maximize the effectiveness of weapons and equipment. The launch of the marine investigation work cannot be separated from its carrier, the marine survey ship.
Developed countries first realized the outstanding benefits of integrated measurement systems, and turned their investment focus to the development and development of survey and measurement systems. In the 1980s, the ratio of survey and measurement systems for marine survey vessels to hull construction costs was 0.05:1, and it rose to 0.25:1 in the 1990s. The current construction ratio in developed countries is 1:1, 2:1, and important survey ships even exceed 5:1. Due to the rapid expansion of the comprehensive functions, the functions of each professional are covered and the boundaries are gradually eliminated. A modern integrated survey ship is also a comprehensive survey ship, resource exploration ship, scientific research ship, environmental monitoring ship and electronic reconnaissance ship. The future measurement ship develops in the direction of “universal” in terms of professional function coverage.
The development of modern science and technology has created high-performance measurement and investigation equipment. The most direct benefit is the accuracy, density, success rate, efficiency, coverage and so on. Due to the development of digital, intelligent and network technologies, the integration of measurement systems is more scientific and effective. The automation level of the operation process is continuously improved, and the operation of the measurement project moves toward the direction of “visual and controllable”, and the measurement work cycle is greatly shortened. The processing method of measurement data is continuously updated, the quality assurance system is increasingly sound, and the measurement quality is comprehensively improved. Modern survey and measurement results have produced unprecedented economic and military benefits in various application fields.
In the past, the construction of survey vessels emphasized that the measurement system equipment should be adapted to the hull platform. After the necessary parts of the hull were designed, the remaining space was installed with measuring equipment, or directly converted into a measuring vessel by cargo ships and traffic vessels. The development of modern shipbuilding technology is prioritized around the technical requirements of the measurement mission. For example, by adjusting the hull structure, optimizing the measurement environment; selecting a suitable propulsion mode to reduce the background noise of the working part; developing electromagnetic compatibility design to improve the sensitivity of the electromagnetic receiving signal; implementing the vibration damping and noise reduction technology of the host/auxiliary machine to improve the signal noise Ratio; perform acoustically compatible design to eliminate mutual interference between similar acoustic devices. In summary, the new construction technology of the survey vessel combines the measurement system with the carrier hull into an organic whole, and every technological advancement of the hull platform directly benefits the survey and measurement system.
The development of technology led to the rapid improvement of the technical performance of measurement and investigation equipment. Different fields of detection can be connected, basically water, laser, infrared, electromagnetic and mechanical, etc., so the comprehensive investigation system can achieve significant benefits in different fields, to achieve a multi-capacity. The development of modern science and technology has enabled a large number of high-tech to integrate into the comprehensive measurement system, which makes the measurement ship's work efficiency rise linearly, mainly reflected in the measurement accuracy is continuously improved. The positioning accuracy of marine measurement elements jumped from 1 nautical mile in the 1970s to 100 meters in the 1990s.
Up to now, the accuracy of satellite differential positioning has reached the decimeter level; the resolution of seafloor geomorphology measurement can reach 15 cm, and the measurement resolution of shallow section The rate has reached the centimeter level; 2 the work efficiency has doubled. In the past, a single beam sounder could only acquire one line at a time. The current multi-beam sounding system can transmit more than 200 beams at the same time, and the information acquisition volume has increased by more than 200 times. 3 New marine elements have been developed. Since the 1970s, emerging measurement projects such as ocean gravity, ocean magnetic force, seabed topography, seabed topography, acoustic layered flow measurement, radar layered wind measurement and atmospheric waveguide have emerged; 4 integrated measurement system intelligently controls the synchronization of various measurement equipment. Coordinated operation of the automated flow of water, real-time processing of measurement data, on-site submission of results, thus greatly shortening the measurement cycle, the quality of measurement results continue to improve.
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