LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
Figure 1-1. Mine components
Figure 1-2. Methods of actuating mines
Figure 1-3. Types of fuses
Figure 1-4. AHD incorporating a release mechanism
Figure 1-5. AHD not attached to the mine
Figure 1-6. Hand-emplaced US AHDs
Figure 2-1. Tactical versus protective obstacles
Figure 2-2. Tactical-obstacle effects
Figure 2-3. Minefield variables
Figure 2-4. Vehicle mine encounter probability versus minefield density
Figure 2-5. Disrupt-effect group
Figure 2-6. Fix-effect group
Figure 2-7. Turn-effect group
Figure 2-8. Block-effect group
Figure 2-9. Obstacle zones
Figure 2-10. Obstacle belts
Figure 2-11. Obstacle groups
Figure 2-12. TF defense COA
Figure 2-13. TF direct-fire analysis
Figure 2-14. TF obstacle-intent integration and priorities
Figure 2-15. Obstacle-plan refinement
Figure 2-16. Scheme-of-obstacle overlay
Figure 2-17. Sample obstacle-execution matrix
Figure 2-18. Minefield siting
Figure 2-19. Example of minefield resourcing
Figure 2-20. Mine resupply
Figure 2-21. Supply-point resupply method
Figure 2-22. Service-station resupply method
Figure 2-23. Tailgate resupply method
Figure 2-24. Minefield marking
Figure 2-25. Marking of minefields and obstacle groups
Figure 2-26. Sample obstacle-turnover work sheet
Figure 3-1. AP SCATMINEs
Figure 3-2. AT SCATMINE
Figure 3-3. Emplacement of ADAMs and RAAMs
Figure 3-4. Gator SCATMINE system
Figure 3-5. Gator minefield
Figure 3-6. Flipper mine dispenser
Figure 3-7. Flipper stop-and-dispense point
Figure 3-8. Flipper disrupt and fix minefields
Figure 3-9. Flipper turn and block minefields
Figure 3-10. Volcano mine system
Figure 3-11. Volcano components
Figure 3-12. Volcano disrupt and fix minefields
Figure 3-13. Volcano turn and block minefields
Figure 3-14. MOPMS
Figure 3-15. MOPMS emplacement and safety zone
Figure 3-16. MOPMS in a disrupt minefield
Figure 3-17. MOPMS in a fix minefield
Figure 3-18. Flipper minefield
Figure 3-19. Ground Volcano minefield
Figure 4-1. M86 PDM
Figure 4-2. M18A1 claymore
Figure 4-3. SLAM
Figure 4-4. SLAM in bottom-attack mode
Figure 4-5. SLAM in side-attack mode
Figure 4-6. SLAM in timed-demolition mode
Figure 4-7. SLAM in command-detonation mode
Figure 4-8. M93 Hornet
Figure 4-9. Hornet reinforcing a conventional minefield
Figure 4-10. Hornet reinforcing a Volcano minefield
Figure 4-11. Hornet area-disruption obstacle
Figure 4-12. Hornet gauntlet obstacle (one cluster)
Figure 4-13. Hornet gauntlet obstacle (platoon)
Figure 4-14. Hornet-enhanced turn-and fix-obstacle groups
Figure 5-1. AT mines
Figure 5-2. AP mines
Figure 5-3. Prong-activated AP mine
Figure 5-4. Trip-wire-activated AP mine
Figure 5-5. Buried mine with pressure plate
Figure 5-6. Buried mine with tilt rod
Figure 5-7. Buried and concealed mines
Figure 6-1. Minefield requirements computation work sheet
Figure 6-2. Step-by-step procedures for completing the minefield requirements computation work sheet
Figure 6-3. Site layout
Figure 6-4a. Laying a minefield
Figure 6-4b. Laying a minefield (continued)
Figure 6-5. Laying an IOE short row
Figure 6-6. Sample strip feeder report
Figure 6-7. Laying a row minefield
Figure 6-8. Measuring distances between mines with sandbags
Figure 6-9a. Sample DA Form 1355 for a row minefield (front)
Figure 6-9b. Sample DA Form 1355 for a row minefield (back)
Figure 6-10. Standardized disrupt and fix row minefields
Figure 6-11. Standardized turn row minefield
Figure 6-12. Standardized block row minefield
Figure 6-13. Site layout
Figure 7-1. Minefield layout
Figure 7-2. Cluster compositions
Figure 7-3. Arrangement of clusters in a mine strip
Figure 7-4. IOE baseline with short strips
Figure 7-5. Clusters on an IOE short strip
Figure 7-6. Minefield lanes and gaps
Figure 7-7. Mine-emplacement procedures
Figure 7-8. Laying and fusing mines
Figure 7-9. Lane closure
Figure 8-1. Conventional minefield/munition field reporting chain
Figure 8-2a. Sample DA Form 1355 (front side) for a standard-pattern minefield/munition field
Figure 8-2b. Sample DA Form 1355 (inside) for a standard-pattern minefield/munition field
Figure 8-2c. Sample DA Form 1355 (back side) for a standard-pattern minefield/munition field
Figure 8-3a. Sample DA Form 1355 (front side) for a Hornet minefield/munition field
Figure 8-3b. Sample DA Form 1355 (back side) for a Hornet minefield/munition field
Figure 8-4. Sample DA Form 1355-1-R
Figure 8-5. Hasty protective row minefield/munition field record
Figure 8-6a. Sample DA Form 1355 (front side) for a nuisance minefield/munition field
Figure 8-6b. Sample DA Form 1355 (inside) for a nuisance minefield/munition field
Figure 8-7. Scatterable minefield/munition field report and record work sheet
Figure 8-8. Sample SCATMINWARN
Figure 8-9. Scatterable minefield/munition field report and record for an ADAM/RAAM artillery mission
Figure 8-10. Scatterable minefield/munition field report and record for a Flipper mission
Figure 8-11. Sample SCATMINWARN for an artillery mission
Figure 8-12. Minefield/munition field overlay symbols
Figure 9-1. Sample OBSTINTEL report.
Figure 10-1. AN/PSS-12 mine detector
Figure 10-2. ASTAMIDS
Figure 10-3. IVMMD components
Figure 10-4. MICLIC
Figure 10-5. AVLM
Figure 10-6. MICLIC employment in a minefield less than 100 meters deep
Figure 10-7. MICLIC employment in a minefield of uncertain depth or greater than 100 meters
Figure 10-8. Skip zone
Figure 10-9. ESMB
Figure 10-10. APOBS
Figure 10-11. Bangalore torpedo
Figure 10-12. Skim technique
Figure 10-13. MCB
Figure 10-14. Mine-blade width compared to track-vehicle widths
Figure 10-15. MCR. 10-17
Figure 10-16. Mine-roller width compared to track-vehicle widths
Figure 10-17. Panther
Figure 10-18. MiniFlail
Figure 10-19. Grizzly
Figure 10-20. CEV with mine rake
Figure 10-21. Tripod
Figure 10-22. Initial lane marking
Figure 10-23. Intermediate lane marking
Figure 10-24. Full lane marking
Figure 10-25. Marking devices
Figure 10-26. NATO standard marker
Figure 10-27. NATO lane-marking conversion
Figure 10-28. NATO standard marking for limited visibility
Figure 11-1. IBASIC
Figure 11-2. Platoon-size sweep team
Figure 11-3. Squad-size sweep team
Figure 11-4. Sweep teams in echelon
Figure 11-5. Linear clearance method
Figure 11-6. Combat clearance method
Figure 11-7. Deliberate route clearance
Figure 11-8. Hasty route clearance
Figure 11-9. Area clearance site layout
Figure 11-10. Sample enemy obstacle report
Figure 11-11. Sample route status report
Figure 11-12. Sample mine incident report
Figure 12-1. Outrigger techniques
Figure 12-2a. Sample DA Form 1355 (front side) for river mining
Figure 12-2b. Sample DA Form 1355 (inside) for river mining
Figure 12-3. Building sketch and mine plan (DA Form 1355)
Figure 12-4. Underground passageway
Figure 12-5. Open spaces
Figure 12-6. Street obstacles
Figure 12-7. Roof obstacles
Figure 12-8. Building obstacles
Figure 12-9. Probable M14 AP mine emplacement
Figure 12-10. Probable M16 AP mine emplacement
Figure 12-11. Probable M18A1 AP mine emplacement
Figure 12-12. AT mine emplacement in urban areas
Figure 12-13. AT mine emplacement in industrial and transportation areas
Figure 12-14. ADAM/RAAM employment
Figure 12-15. MOPMS employment
Figure 13-1. Typical electric and nonelectric booby traps
Figure 13-2. Methods of actuation
Figure 13-3. Remotely connected traps
Figure 13-4. Standard booby-trap sign
Figure 13-5a. Sample DA Form 1355 (front side) for a booby-trapped area
Figure 13-5b. Sample DA Form 1355 (inside) for a booby-trapped area
Figure 13-6. Improvised electrical FDs
Figure 13-7. Improvised nonelectric FDs (shear-pin operated)
Figure 13-8. Improvised nonelectric FDs (spring-operated)
Figure 13-9. Improvised, electric delay devices
Figure 13-10. Improvised, nonelectric delay devices
Figure 13-11. Typical punjis
Figure 13-12. Side-closing trap
Figure 13-13. Spike board
Figure 13-14. Venus fly trap
Figure 13-15. HE, artillery-shell AT device
Figure 13-16. Platter charge
Figure 13-17. Improvised claymore device
Figure 13-18. Grapeshot AP device
Figure 13-19. Barbwire AP device
Figure A-1. M14 AP mine
Figure A-2. M22 wrench
Figure A-3. M14 mine in ARMED position
Figure A-4. Removal of safety clip
Figure A-5. Bottom view of M14 mine
Figure A-6. M16A1 AP mine
Figure A-7. M16A1 mine and M25 wrench
Figure A-8. M605 fuse
Figure A-9. Safety pins
Figure A-10. Buried mine with a trip wire
Figure A-11. Metal collar on an M605 fuse
Figure A-12. M15 AT mine
Figure A-13. M20 wrench
Figure A-14. Correct safety-pin configuration
Figure A-15. Greasing the M624 fuse
Figure A-16. Tightening the fuse with the extension rod
Figure A-17. M15 mine in the hole
Figure A-18. Extension-rod assembly
Figure A-19. Assembly of the extension rod into the fuse ring
Figure A-20. Removal of safety pin
Figure A-21. ARMED position
Figure A-22. SAFE position
Figure A-23. Safety fork
Figure A-24. Clearance test
Figure A-25. M15 mine in the hole
Figure A-26. M19 AT mine
Figure A-27. Removal of the pressure plate
Figure A-28. Firing pin
Figure A-29. M21 AT mine
Figure A-30. M607 fuse
Figure A-31. M26 wrench
Figure A-32. Buried M21 mine
Figure A-33. Removing the band and the stop
Figure A-34. M5 FD
Figure A-35. Arming the M15
Figure A-36. M142 FD
Figure A-37. Ml activator
Figure B-1. PDM components
Figure B-2. SLAM components
Figure B-3. Hornet components
Figure B-4. Hornet controls and indicators
Figure C-1. GMZ armored tracked mine layer
Figure C-2. Threat-style rapidly emplaced minefield
Figure C-3. Threat-style antitrack minefield
Figure C-4. Threat-style antihull minefield
Figure C-5. Threat-style AP minefield
Figure C-6. UMZ SCATMINE system
Figure C-7. Chemical-mine employment
Figure C-8. BAT-M with BTU bulldozer blade
Figure C-9. KMT-4 plow
Figure C-10. IMP portable mine detector
Figure C-11. DIM mine detector
Figure C-12. KMT-5 plow-roller combination
Figure C-13. IMR armored engineer tractor
Figure C-14. M1979 armored mine clearer
Figure D-1. Air Volcano system
Figure D-2. Turn obstacle
Figure D-3. Block obstacle
Figure D-4. Disrupt obstacle
Figure D-5. Fix obstacle
Figure D-6. Site layout
Figure D-7. Sample Volcano card
Figure D-8. Fencing for an air Volcano minefield
Figure E-1. M16 AP mine
Figure E-2. M18A1 AP mine
Figure E-3. M15 and M19 AT mines
Figure E-4. M21 AT mine
Figure E-5. Excerpt from Risk-Assessment Techniques Manual, prepared by the Department of Transportation's Transportation Safety Institute, August 1986
Figure E-6. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (arming M15)
Figure E-7. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (disarming M15)
Figure E-8. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (arming M16)
Figure E-9. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (disarming M16)
Figure E-10. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (arming M19)
Figure E-11. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (disarming M19)
Figure E-12. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (arming M21)
Figure E-13. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (disarming M21)
Figure E-14. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (command detonation)
Figure E-15. Preliminary hazard-analysis work sheet (peripheral factors)
Figure F-l. AN/PSS-12 metallic mine detector
Figure F-2. AN/PSS-12 packed components
Figure F-3. Electronic unit
Figure F-4. Battery installation
Figure F-5. Sensitivity check
Figure F-6. X-pattern sweeping movement
Tables
Table 2-1. Echelons of obstacle control and effect
Table 2-2. Planning factors for the mine dump
Table 2-3. Planning factors for work rates
Table 2-4. Planning factors for standardized row minefields
Table 2-5. Planning factors for scatterable minefields
Table 2-6. Ranges of common weapons
Table 2-7. Personnel requirements for a Class IV/V supply point
Table 2-8. Class IV/V haul capacity
Table 3-1. Characteristics of AP SCATMINEs
Table 3-2. Characteristics of AT SCATMINEs
Table 3-3. SD windows
Table 3-4. Emplacement authority
Table 3-5. Coordination responsibilities
Table 3-6. RAAM and ADAM minefield density and size
Table 3-7. Flipper minefield data
Table 3-8. Marking scatterable minefields
Table 3-9. Safety and fragment hazard zones
Table 4-1. Hornet minimum emplacement distances
Table 5-1. Characteristics of AT mines
Table 5-2. Characteristics of AP mines
Table 5-3. Sympathetic detonation chart
Table 7-1. Platoon organization and equipment
Table 7-2. Sample mines tally sheet
Table 8-1. Minefield/munition field obstacle numbering system
Table 8-2. Abbreviations for obstacle types
Table 9-1. Lane widths
Table 10-1. Lane marking
Table 10-2. Guidelines for lane-marking devices
Table 11-1. Sample task organization for a route clearance
Table 11-2. Personnel and equipment requirements for a sweep team
Table 11-3. Sample task organization for an area clearance
Table 13-1. Tactical reports
Table 13-2. Clearing equipment
Table C-1. Normal parameters for threat-style minefields
Table D-l. Air Volcano capabilities and limitations
Table D-2. Air Volcano minefield data
Table D-3. Planning process (H-hour sequence)
Table D-4. Air Volcano dispensing times based on air speed
Table E-1. Mine color-coding system
Table F-1. Risk-assessment criteria
Table F-2. Sample risk assessment
Table G-1. Mounted breaching assets versus threat obstacles
Table G-2. Dismounted breaching assets versus threat obstacles
Table G-3. Foreign track-width AT mines
Table G-4. Foreign full-width AT mines
Table G-5. Foreign side-attack AT mines
Table G-6. Foreign pressure-fused AP mines
Table G-7. Foreign trip-wire/break-wire-fused AP mines
Table G-8. Foreign emplaced minefields
Table G-9. Foreign mine delivery systems
Table H-1. Metric conversion chart
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