Armaments - Great Patriotic War
The country took the path of industrialization and receives the first five-year economic development plan in the 1929-1934 years. During this period a number of activities carried out by centralizing the management and planning of the process equipment of the army and navy armaments and military equipment. According to the regulations, approved by the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR on November 28, 1929 # 372/84, the State established the post of chief weapons the Red Army, reporting directly to the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs.
The authorship of the idea of ??organizing such a service belongs to the Marshal of the Soviet Union MN Tukhachevsky. According to his plan in the Red Army was supposed to be a body that develops advanced weapons program that is primarily concerned with the creation of programs for artillery systems, armored vehicles, aircraft and ships. Initially, the position is assigned an experienced military leader Commander 1st rank IP Uborevich, and in 1931 - Marshal MN Tukhachevsky. This date is the reference point in the history of the unit chief of arms of Armed forces of the state.
The rights and duties of the Chief of Weapons the Red Army at the time was the most extensive. It carried the responsibility for the development of weapons systems the Army and Navy, advanced material and financial plans for equipping troops with weapons and military equipment (AME), both in peacetime and in wartime. He was commissioned to lead the development of new weapons and putting them on the production, control the execution of orders and industrial enterprises involved in production and technological preparation of enterprises to carry out mobilization tasks in time of war, to provide leadership and innovation in the standardization of aircraft. Chief weapons were directly subordinate to all major contentment management of the Red Army.
Of fundamental importance was the establishment at the same time, most are content with the new offices of the Red Army controls the development of weapons - military scientific and technical committees, which have played a significant role in the creation of new types of weapons and military equipment. At the same time efforts were made to strengthen existing and create new research institutes and testing facilities.
Over the years in the 1920's and 1930's Tukhachevsky acutely clashed with the People's Commissar of Defense Voroshilov, whose deputy he was. The tragic fate of Tukhachevsky (1893-1937) and his associates has always been a huge public interest and fierce debate. One of the most prominent heroes of the Civil War, winner of Kolchak and Denikin, was at once proclaimed leader of the military-fascist conspiracy.
On June 11, 1937 a special tribunal consisted of six high-ranking military commanders sentenced Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Marshall of the Soviet Union, and a “group of traitors” to death on the charge of conspiracy. The execution of some leaders of the Red Army is known as the Military Case (the case of “Anti-Soviet Military Organization”). On June 12, 1937 the newspaper Izvestia published the following: “The spies Tukhachevsky, Yakir, Uborevich, Kork, Eideman, Feldman, Primakov and Putna sold out to the deadly enemies of Socialism and dared to raise their blooded hands against the life and happiness of one hundred and seventy million people, the people that had created the “Stalin Constitution” and built a society free of ruling classes…”. Stalinist repressions are often called the main reason of terrible disasters of the first year of the Great Patriotic War.
Two decades later, the Marshal was fully exonerated for lack of evidence.
It is important to note that the political upheaval in the 1930s could not change the positive direction of the development of weapons of AME proposed by Marshal of the Soviet Union MN Tukhachevsky in 1931. The most intense of these activities began to be put into practice, since 1938, and by the beginning of 1941 were largely completed experimental development of modern samples of arms and military equipment, tested and set the stage of mass production.
The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 demanded more centralization of the entire system of governance, including in the field of technical equipment of the Red Army. Questions supply the front with everything necessary during the war were resolved directly by the State Committee of Defence and the Supreme Command through the main operational body - the General Staff and was created in January 1941, the Office of the rear devices, weapons and supplies, is the successor formed in 1929 by the Red Army armaments Service.
The objective of this control was to define the needs of troops in arms, military equipment and other material resources as well as the formation and control plans for the development and production of weapons of supply of troops. An important role in the development of the armament and military equipment was played by the mass production under the sectoral commissariats: the People's Commissariat of Arms under the leadership of DF Ustinova, the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry under the leadership of AI Shakhurin, the People's Commissariat of Ammunition led BL Vannykova and others.
|
NEWSLETTER
|
| Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list |
|
|
|
