Project 1164 Atlant / Slava - Modernization
Any ship is a compromise of the requirements imposed on it and executed in metal in the framework of a given displacement and cost. Because the cruiser pr.1164 is no exception. Modern Russia is not capable of timely repair and modernization of most of the large combat surface ships built in the "golden era" of the USSR Navy. Problems were encountered during the modernization of the Project 1164 missile cruiser Marshal Ustinov. The renewal of the Moscow 1164 missile cruiser project 1164 was limited to the restoration of marching readiness. Plans and the current state of modernization programs for destroyers of the Russian Navy were considered. However, much more attention is currently being paid to the modernization of the most powerful naval ships of the Russian Navy - cruisers.
Project 1164 cruisers are the most "numerous" ships of this class in the Russian Navy. The Russian fleet has three such ships - Moscow (the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet), Varyag (the flagship of the Pacific Fleet) and Marshal Ustinov (as part of the Northern Fleet). In the design of the RKR pr. 1164 there is a number of congenital defects, whose negative influence is becoming stronger and more noticeable over time. The cruiser is aging irreversibly and no longer meets modern requirements.
The ships of the project 1164 no closed air defense circuit. The only station targeting and illumination of targets ZR41 “Wave”, located in the aft part of the ship, creates a “dead sector” on course corners. The cruiser is defenseless when attacking from the front hemisphere. At the same time, ZR41 “Wave” itself also has its disadvantage: it provides guidance of C-300 missiles in the 90 ° x90 ° sector. What makes it impossible to repel a massive air attack from different directions.
Cruisers pr.1164 carry powerful strike weapons, consisting of 16 P-1000 Vulcan supersonic anti-ship missiles having a flight range of about 700 km, and according to some reports up to 1000 kilometers (probably a flight range with a fully altitude flight profile at high altitude), as well as powerful anti-aircraft missile weapons in the form of the "Fort" air defense system, capable of providing collective air defense for the connection of ships.
Established on the cruiser SAM “Fort” is one of the early versions of the C-300 with 5?55?? missiles with a range of 75 km. What was considered a decent result for the beginning of 1980-s is completely inadequate in modern conditions (European Aster-30 - 130 km, American “Standard-6” - 240 km, missile defense “Standard-3” - 500 km, height of defeat not limited to the atmosphere). It is possible to achieve a significant strengthening of the Atlanta air defense system by modest modernization with the replacement of the ZR41 with a new F1M fire control station with a phased antenna array. The range of the intercept of air targets will be increased to 150 km with a simultaneous increase in the density of fire (simultaneous targeting of missiles to 12 at six targets - against six missiles and three targets at Volna). It was precisely such an upgrade, with the replacement of the bow station of the LMS, that the nuclear-powered cruiser Peter the Great had undergone at the time of its construction (the Fort-M). In 2011, the cruiser "Marshal Ustinov" got into repair to restore technical readiness, but in the process of repair it was decided to modernize the ship. During a 5-year overhaul and modernization, Ustinov updated most of its electronic systems and radio complex. Initially, the ship was equipped with the Flag radar complex, consisting of the MR-600 Voskhod radar and the MP-710 Fregat multifunctional radar. During modernization, the Voskhod survey radar was replaced by a new shaggy radar made on the basis of a phased array and capable of detecting air targets at a distance of up to 500 km. Instead of the multifunctional Fregat radar, Ustinov was equipped with the latest modification of this radar - Frigate-M2M,
According to some reports, the 3R14 antenna post of the S-300F air defense system underwent significant modernization, and the SAM itself received new 48N6D anti-aircraft missiles with a distant border of the affected area up to 200 km. It is worth noting that at least on the cruiser "Moscow", back in the 1990s, more advanced 48N6 missiles were installed during the repair, compared to the 5V55 missiles, which these cruisers were armed with initially. Thus, the modernization of Ustinov’s anti-aircraft missile weapons looks more than likely.
An upgrade of anti-aircraft weapons of the Project 1164 cruisers is not planned as part of the modernization, an official representative of the Almaz-Antey concern told TASS on 03 July 2015. "As part of the modernization of the ships of Project 1164, replacement, completion of anti-aircraft missile weapons is not provided," he said. Now the Russian Navy included three cruisers of this type - “Moscow”, “Varyag” and “Marshal Ustinov”, which went into operation in the 1980s. They were armed with anti-aircraft missile systems "Fort" (modification S-300) and "Wasp".
The cruiser Moskva left Sevastopol and went to the North in order to start repair and modernization at the Zvyozdochka shipyard, because during extremely intensive operation the resource of many cruiser components and systems is close to exhaustion . The scope of repair and modernization work will be similar to that carried out at Ustinovo. According to Zvyozdochka representatives, the plant planmed to modernize Moscow much faster than Marshal Ustinov, during the repair of which many problems had to be solved, such as the need to re-create a set of technical documentation and working drawings (cruisers pr.1164 were built in Nikolaev, accordingly, most of the technical documentation remained in Ukraine), resolve issues "
The missile cruiser "Moscow" was planned to be launched at sea in December 2019 after the full restoration of marching readiness. To date, four gas turbine generators, two gearboxes, a main power plant (GEM) had been repaired, including the repair of fuel equipment and gas ducts for marching gas turbine engines. The renewal of the Moscow 11 missile cruiser project 1164 was limited to the restoration of marching readiness.
As stated in the management of the GCC, repair and restoration measures were going according to plan and should end by the end of this year, after which the cruiser will enter the next stage of testing. The exact date for the completion of the repair was refused. Note that work on the “Moscow” began in October last year, and in June the 2019 cruiser for the first time after the 2016 year went to sea. In October, 2018, it was reported that work was begun in Sevastopol to restore the field readiness of the Guards missile cruiser "Moscow" of the 1164 project, the code "Atlant". It was emphasized that the task was to return the ship to the course, there was no talk of modernization. At the same time, USC said they were ready to upgrade the cruiser if there was a desire of the military and technical design. However, in the Northern Design Bureau (SPKB) reported that the Ministry of Defense has no funds for the modernization of the ship and the development of the modernization project will begin, at best, after the 2020 year.
The cruiser "Moscow" was laid on the stocks of the Nikolaev shipbuilding plant named after the 61 communard in the 1976 year as the Slava missile cruiser, is the leading missile in the series of missile cruisers. Launched 27 July 1979, he was put into operation in 1983. The last time the cruiser was at sea from September 2015 of the year to January 2016 of the year in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea for air defense from the sea direction of the Russian Hmeimim airbase in Syria. The cruiser “Moscow” has not gone to sea since 2016 in connection with the repair and modernization of the ship, the first voyage after the completion of the first stage of the repair took place on June 5, 2019. When the work was completed, it was not reported.
The average age of warships of the Russian Navy has exceeded 25 years, which is more than that of the United States (20 years) and China (13 years). In parallel with maintaining the combat readiness of the old combat units of the fleet, it is necessary to proceed as quickly as possible, finally, to the serial construction of ships in the far sea and ocean zones.
The flagship of the Black Sea Fleet, the Moscow missile cruiser of project 1164, the Atlant code, will not begin to be modernized until at least 2020–2021. While the customer did not even have the funds to develop an appropriate project.
According to media reports, [ H I Sutton 01 Apr 2020 Russian Navy's Slava-class Cruiser To Get New Weapons ] sources from the Russian defense industry confirmed that the Russian Navy's 1164 "Glorious" class cruiser will be improved to renew its vitality. The upgraded "Glorious" class is known as the 1164M project and will be equipped with a series of powerful new weapons that will exceed the planned 23560 "Leader" class nuclear-powered destroyer. The improved "Glorious" class will become one of the most powerful surface ships of the Russian Navy.
"The most visible difference is that the 16 P-1000 Vulcan (NATO: SS-N-12 SANDBOX) anti-ship missiles are replaced by 6 Poseidon Intercontinental Nuclear-Powered Nuclear-Armed Autonomous Torpedoes.This will be the first reported use an a surface vessel. Other weapons include hypersonic missiles and land attack cruise missiles. There is also a new air-defense complex consisting of both S-500 and S-350, and a rail gun." [Happy April fool! Zumwaltski indeed . . . :) ]
Due to the obvious state of affairs in the Russian Navy there is no substitute for “Moscow” and, unfortunately, it will not appear in the near future. Even if Russia immediately rushed to build destroyers of Project 23560, the replacement will arrive only in the middle of the next decade. Russia needs to start working on a replacement. Otherwise, after another decade, these cruisers will pose a threat only to their crews.
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