Project 1123 Kondor / Moskva Yak-36M VSTOL
Mikhail Sergeyevich Deksbach , test pilot of the OKB AS Yakovlev, trained landing on the "Moscow" by helicopter Ka-25. On November 18, 1972, after several training flights on a Ka-25 helicopter, the test pilot M.A. For the first time, Dexsbach flawlessly landed a Yak-36M vertical take-off aircraft on the deck of the Moscow "SCC".
Tests on the "Moskva" RRC, conducted at different speeds of the ship and in various meteorological conditions, with artificial rolling, showed that the Yak-36M is quite suitable for operation in sea conditions. The decision to deploy the Yak-36M serial production at the Saratov Aircraft Plant was made in 1973.
Valery Babich , the author of the book "Our aircraft carriers", who participated in the creation of all our aircraft carriers, the shipbuilding engineer who worked as the head of the design bureau for aircraft carriers at the Black Sea shipyard recalls: "... In September 1972, when the Black Sea plant finished assembling on the slipway of the hull Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Kiev". Designed for the basing of aircraft Yak-36M, and before the commissioning of this ship was still 3 years, in Sevastopol, the preparations for the first landing of the aircraft for one of the already operating helicopter carriers were in full swing. The choice fell on the anti-submarine cruiser "Moscow".
Since the early 1960s, both in the USSR and in England intensive work has been done to create vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. Our aircraft, the deck attack aircraft Yak-36 M was designed in the Yakovlev Design Bureau, the prototypes were manufactured at the Moscow machine-building plant of this OKB - MMZ "Speed". In 1971, the ground tests of prototype aircraft were completed, and it was necessary to perform an experimental landing on the ship. At the "Moscow" Chernomorsky plant equipped a temporary landing site, towering 300 mm above the flight deck - were afraid to burn under landing equipment and insulation under the deck. Yak-36 M was delivered from the city of Zhukovsky near Moscow to the airfield in Kirovskoe near Feodosiya on a heavy military transport aircraft.
November 18, 1972 in clear sunny weather MS. Deksbach took off from the airfield in Kirov on a Yak-36M plane and, flying at a low altitude above the cruiser "Moscow", went to board him. The plane was going at a transonic speed. Everything happened so fleetingly that Dexsbach performed the glide path of descent independently on the landmarks, the ships put in 7 and 3.5 km from the Cape Chauda motionless cruiser "Moscow", which was stationary on the traverse.
At the first point, he started the lifting engines, and in the second he started the transfer of the nozzles of the jack-up engine to the vertical position.
Landing was successful. At the approach, near the stern of Moscow, the powerful vertical jets of the Yak-36M engines lifted from the water a myriad of particles of water dust, and she created a rainbow in the rays of a low autumn sun, in which the plane slowly, carefully moved to the ship and finally sank in the center Landing area. It was a fantastic sight! The deviation from the marked landing points for the wheels did not exceed 10-15 cm! Everyone ran out onto the flight deck and shook Dexbach. When they tried the pad at the landing site, it was a little warm.
In the evening, all the participants in the Yak-36M tests Went to the restaurant "Sailor" in Feodosia. There were about 20 people from different organizations. From the Black Sea plant in this meeting, the builders of the "Kiev" in the aviation complex A. I. Seredin, M.S.Feshchenko and the a designer for aircraft and equipment and armament of this ship participated. The time was late, the restaurant had almost no visitors, and they soon left, they were left alone and closed the restaurant with a key.
Extravagant and temperamental Kerim Bekirovich Bekirbaev - Deputy General Designer A. Yakovlev, delivered a speech in honor of the "birthday man" Misha Deksbach and successfully passed the landing. Of course, everything was said meaningfully and in a veiled form of the type "today an infant was born ...", etc., as was customary at that time, but everyone understood what was being said. The seniors sounded far after midnight. When the orchestra left, they sang songs about pilots, sailors and Nikolayev, the motherland of aircraft carrying ships. These were unforgettable moments ...
"For the courage and heroism shown during the development of new technology" deserved test pilot of the USSR, MS. Dexbahu 23.06.1981 was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The first flight of the prototype of the British "Sea Harrier" vertical take-off aircraft took place almost 7 years later - on June 18, 1979.
The planes of vertical take-off and landing were originally supposed to be used with anti-submarine cruisers of the Moskva type intended for the basing of fourteen Ka-25 helicopters, but studies had shown that the dimensions and displacement of such a cruiser are not sufficient to accommodate the number of aircraft required from the conditions of effectiveness. As a result, instead of the supposed bookmark on the "0" berth of the Black Sea Shipyard in Nikolaev, the third building of the modernized project 1123 decided to create a new type of ship with aircraft armament. The new project received the designation 1143, and after its approval in Nikolaev, the construction of the head ship began.
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