Project 1123 Kondor / Moskva - Aircraft
The main weapon of the anti-submarine cruiser of Project 1123 was the Ka-25PL helicopters. According to the plan, first, in the area of the alleged enemy submarine location, helicopters drop radio-acoustic buoys (RGAB), and then, after the initial detection of the target, specify its coordinates with the help of lowered hydroacoustic stations (OGAS). The destruction of the submarine is also entrusted to helicopters, and in the case of a nearby cruiser, to the VIR. Under the scenario, with a round-the-clock search in the air, there should always be two or three helicopters. During the design of the Condor, the most dangerous area in which American missile submarines could be deployed was the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, "Moscow" (hereinafter and "Leningrad") was intended for the Northern Fleet, And it was planned to interact with hydroacoustic stations located along the ice edge disguised as scientific and meteorological expeditions. However, while the ships of the far zone of the PLO were designed and built, the situation changed.
The US submarines were armed with ballistic missiles "Polaris" A-3 and "Poseidon" with a much greater range of flight, because of which the patrol positions moved to more remote areas of the World Ocean. The urgency of hunting for underwater missile carriers in the Barents Sea has disappeared, and both anti-submarine cruisers stayed on the Black Sea with the task of searching for nuclear submarines in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. The Ka-25PL anti-submarine helicopter was developed at the NI Kamov Design Bureau and was adopted in 1962 . It had a two-screw coaxial circuit, Takeoff weight of 7.2 tons, maximum speed of 205 km / h and a maximum range of 650 km. Initially, the chassis of the helicopter was equipped with inflatable ballonets, which made it possible, if necessary, to land on the water. But inflatable ballonets proved ineffective, and in 1973 they were removed. At the same time, the Ka-25 was equipped with extreme-mode ACH units, in the event of failure of one engine, automatically switching the work of the second into a forced mode.
To ensure the search for submarines on the helicopter, the Oka Oka, the Initiative-2 radar with the Jasmin counting device and the SPARRU-55 device for receiving signals from the RGAB were installed. Under normal conditions, the helicopter could take one 450-mm AT-1 anti-submarine torpedo, or four deep-lying PLA-250-120 bombs, or 36 small Chinara hydroacoustic buoys, later replaced with a new type of "Token". The self-guided acoustic torpedo AT-1 could hit submarines traveling at a speed of up to 25 knots at a depth of up to 200 meters. On board the ship were 14 Ka-25 helicopters (12 Ka-25PL, 1 Ka-25C and 1 Ka-25PS, of which 12 in the large lower hangar under the flight deck and 2 in the small on the upper deck).
For the transport of aircraft inside the hangar, there was a specially designed semi-automated longitudinal-transverse towing system with the help of chain conveyors. On the upper deck helicopters moved by tractors. Both hangars were equipped with ventilation systems with automatic shutdown in case of fire, control of the concentration of kerosene vapor, water-spray with automatic activation and air-foam quenching, temperature alarm. In the lower hangar there were three special fire-resistant asbestos curtains, which could separate the focus of the fire from the rest of the volume (according to seamen's recollections, these curtains were well suited to the screen when showing films). In the upper hangar there was a repair shop, which carried out minor repairs and routine works after every hundred hours of flying. On the flight deck were three landing sites and one reserve, used only for take-off. On the outer contour, the deck was equipped with a special mesh fence and a system of light-signal lights.
Each runway was equipped with a system for fueling the helicopter with fuel and oil (a similar system in the lower hangar was considered to be a backup one and was practically not used), as well as all the necessary fire-fighting equipment and a warm air supply device for heating helicopter engines. The stock of aviation kerosene was 280 tons. Each runway was equipped with a system for fueling the helicopter with fuel and oil (a similar system in the lower hangar was considered to be a backup one and was practically not used), as well as all the necessary fire-fighting equipment and a warm air supply device for heating helicopter engines. The stock of aviation kerosene was 280 tons. Each runway was equipped with a system for fueling the helicopter with fuel and oil (a similar system in the lower hangar was considered to be a backup one and was practically not used), as well as all the necessary fire-fighting equipment and a warm air supply device for heating helicopter engines. The stock of aviation kerosene was 280 tons.
Underneath the lower hangar on the lower deck, the 1st and 2nd platforms housed the silos ["cellars"] of the aviation ammunition that housed 30 AT-1 torpedoes, 40 250-kg anti-submarine bombs PLAB-250-120, 150 reference aircraft bombs, 504 Chinara "And 300 buoys" Poplavok ". All ammunition was stored in racks; With the help of hoists and special trolleys, it was delivered to a screw elevator with a carrying capacity of 1500 kg, which delivered it to the lower hangar. Suspension of weapons and cassettes with buoys on the helicopter was provided both in the hangar and on the upper deck. There was also a special, well-protected cellar for storing 8 nuclear depth bombs with a capacity of 80 kt.
The flight control was carried out from the start-command post (UPC) hanging over the deck, in which the commander of the BC-6 was. No special devices (such as the "Bear Trap" common in the West) that caught the helicopter during landing did not exist: the imposing dimensions of the flight deck made it possible to plant rotorcraft as well as on land. It should be noted that during the stay of anti-submarine cruisers in the base, there were usually no helicopters on them: they were located on the shore in the village of Mirny (Donuzlav) as part of the 78th Separate Shipborne Anti-Submarine Helicopter Regiment (OKPLPP). And before leaving on a long voyage, one of the four squadrons of the regiment relocated to the ship.
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