Project 1123 Kondor / Moskva - Armament
The cruiser "Moscow" became the first ship of the Soviet Navy, which received the anti-submarine missile system (PLRLK). This complex - RPK-1 "Whirlwind" - was developed since 1960 by a team of designers under the direction of NP Mazurov and was accepted for service after testing at "Moscow" simultaneously with the cruiser. The PLRK included a two-beam launcher MC-18 with a reel-type automatic loader, a fire control system and a device for loading missiles into the cellar.
The 82R anti-submarine missile (caliber 540 mm, length 6 m, weight 1800 kg) was equipped with a solid-propellant engine and a "special" (that is, nuclear) warhead; It could hit submarine targets at any depth and range from 10 to 25 km from the firing ship.
The target designation was carried out according to SAS Orion, Vega or from external sources. If necessary, the complex could be used to destroy enemy surface ships (with a fuse at a depth of 0 m). The "Vortex" ammunition in the state was 8 rocket-torpedoes 82P. To attack submarines in the immediate vicinity of the ship, as well as the destruction of the torpedoes produced, two RBU-6000 launchers were planned, shooting 119.5-kg with RSL-60 reactive depth charges at a range of up to 5.8 km. Specially for the project 1123 TsKB-17 developed a system KU-37, which was a complex of automatic devices for feeding, loading and unloading bombs RSB-60. Its introduction allowed to significantly reduce (up to 15 seconds) the cycle of feeding and loading of each bomb, Reduce the number of maintenance personnel by 8 people and the volume of premises - by 100 m3. The ammunition was calculated for the implementation of ten full volleys and amounted to 120 RGB-60 bombs for each launcher.
Initially, two five-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes PTA-53-1123 were placed in the embrasures along the sides at the level of the hangar deck and were intended for firing anti-submarine torpedoes SET-53 and SET-65. The latter were stored directly in the apparatus - the recharging system was not envisaged. The elevation of the axis of the torpedo tubes above the waterline at a normal displacement was about 5 m, the angles of firing at 55 ° in the nose and the stern from the traverse. It was not possible to place torpedo tubes above the maximum permissible drop height of 7.5 m. It should be noted that the inclusion of torpedo tubes in the Armed Forces of the Condor with the presence of VIRT and the helicopters with aerial torpedoes was completely superfluous. The operational experience of the ship showed a low efficiency of the torpedo tubes, because they were filled with sea water during the excitement at sea. During subsequent upgrades of the cruiser, the torpedo tubes were removed from the armament of the ship and dismantled in 1976 , and the vacant seat was used for the arrangement of additional cabins. Later, the PTA-53-1123 apparatus installed on the upgraded BOD project 61.
The M-11 Storm, as well as the RRRK "Vikhr", was also designed specifically for the ships of the project 1123. It consisted of two coupled missile launchers B-189, two cellars with checkpoints and preparation of missiles and two stations of the control system "Thunder". The prototype of the M-11 complex was tested on an experimental vessel OS-24 (converted from the Voroshilov cruiser), and the first serial ones were taken by the state commission in 1969 already at the "Moscow" PCR. The one-stage solid-fuel rocket V-611, which was part of the complex, had a starting mass of 1800 kg, dimensions 0.6 x 6.1 m, speed 3M and a maximum range of 35 km. It was equipped with a powerful warhead weighing about 120 kg. This made it possible to use it against surface ships and boats (hence the designation of the "universal" complex), and also guaranteed the destruction of any air target when a non-contact fuze operated at a distance of up to 40 m. The anti-aircraft missiles were stored vertically in the cellars in double-deck rotating drums; Total reserve of missiles - 48 units per each launcher. In general, the "Storm" air defense system showed good efficiency, but it proved too cumbersome and could therefore only be installed on ships with a displacement of at least 5500 tons.
In the draft cruiser "Moscow" a place was reserved for the installation of two short-range air defense systems "Osa-M". However, the tests lasted for a long time, and both "condor" were commissioned without these missiles. Later, from the installation of "Wasps" refused because of the acute shortage of space for living quarters. Instead of ZRK equipped with two additional cabins for the political officer and the commander of BC-5.
The artillery armament of the PCR "Moscow" included two paired automatic 57 mm ZIF-72 artillery guns (AK-725) and two radar fire control systems "Bars-72". A feature of the ZIF-72 system was the introduction of tape feed (550 cartridges per barrel) and continuous cooling of the barrels with seawater. At the same time, because of the small weight of the projectile (2.8 kg, of which only 153 grams of explosive), the effectiveness of firing on high-speed air targets was low, and on the surface or coastal - in general meaningless.
To detect submarine targets on the cruisers, a hydroacoustic long-range detection station, lowered by the Orion SAS, and a sonar with a towed antenna of the GAS Vega hydroacoustic station, were installed on the cruisers . The radio equipment also included: Hosta KhAS for communication with its boats, a three-axis long-range VLAD long-range radar, an Angara-A reserve radar, a Kuznechik television system, and a night vision visor Agat. All information from radar, hydroacoustic and optical means entered the combat information-control system "Koren-1123" (for the first time in the domestic fleet). Also, for the first time, a full set of EW assets was installed. For the repair of electronic equipment there was a workshop KRM-1123.
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