Military Transport Service
(Voennye Soobshcheniya - VOSO)
No significant transportation of military loads or personnel is achieved without the direct participation of the Military Transport Service (Voennye Soobshcheniya - VOSO), be it by railroad, by air, river or sea transport. In the time passed from the day of its formation much has changed in the Central Department of Military Transport of the Ministry of Defense of the RF. Of other services, administrations and branches of services already, and VOSO remains one of the most aclaimed and unique services. On March 5, 1918 was accepted the solution about the passage of military transport service from rate to the highest military council of republic. This date we consider the day of its formation.
Military transport service organizes transportation in the interests of Defense Ministry by the transport of the general use: railroad, water, air, automobile. Service obtained special importance, when the first Russian railroads were created, the need of the mass troop movement along the communications arose. Strictly speaking, it is created precisely under those tasks, which always stood before the armed forces, they corresponded to the transport possibilities of state.
Military cargo has a special classification. All of them are marked with code names that are reported during transportation, loading, and unloading. This is due to the fact that in the event of an interception, the enemy could not clearly and clearly decipher the transmitted information. Currently, there are several main types of cargo [ru = "Gruz"] classification, namely cargo 100, cargo 200, cargo 300, cargo 500 and cargo 800. Several points are missing in this classification. An explanation as to why these items are omitted from the classification of military goods is not currently available. Cargo 200 passed into the "masses" after A. Balabanov's film "Cargo 200" and then multiplied by delegates and journalists. The fact is that Balabanov served in the Military Transport Aviation (VTA) and transported Cargo -200 himself. Cargo 300 most likely originated from the code 030, which denoted the wounded in reports and was transmitted by radio from the battlefield. The dead were designated 021.
- Cargo 100 - ammunition
- Cargo 200 - the dead, bodies sealed in zinc boxes.
- Cargo 300 - wounded
- Cargo 400 - shell-shocked / contused [or classified cargo ??]
- Cargo 500 - deserters [or prisoners of war or Medicines??]
- Cargo 600 - prisoners of war.
- Cargo 700 - Money / Precious Metals ??
- Cargo 800 - dangerous cargo - chemicals, propellants, various bombs, etc
In 1984, the USSR Ministry of Defense approved the standards for military transportation by order No. 200 of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of November 8, 1984. "For the transportation of the coffin with the body of the deceased (deceased) by a military transport aircraft (helicopter) or by a civil aviation aircraft (helicopter), a baggage ticket for 200 kg of cargo is issued in a military unit from the airfield (airport) of departure to the airfield (airport) of destination." On the train, by the way, a coupon for 300 kg was issued for the coffin with the body of the deceased. Cargo 200 is usually sent to the military unit to which the military was assigned.
In a special guide, it was indicated that the transportation of a coffin with a dead serviceman by military air transport from the loading point to the destination is accompanied by the issuance of a baggage ticket for 200 kg. For this, the body of the deceased was placed in a wooden coffin, then in a galvanized one. The zinc coffin is transported in nailed wooden boxes. There are a couple more versions of the appearance of the name "cargo 200". One of them is associated with the number of the form for transportation.
When a soldier was wounded, the unit commander fills out "form #300" . For example, there is a form of irreversible losses. She has #18. And there is a registration form for the wounded. It had the number 300 in its numbering. This is where the term "three hundred" appeared,
Building and daily activity of the organs of military communications flow under the complex conditions, which were established in the field of transportation. First of all, these are unhealthy passage to the new economic relations, the decentralization of management with the sea, river and air transport, the absence of new normative- legal documents, the backward material and technical base of transport, weakening attention on the mobilization work, and in a number of cases and its coagulation, a substantial increase in the tariffs on the military transportation, the absence of financing military transportation in the required volumes.
All these and other problems it is necessary to encounter for the officers of the organs of military communications in its official activity and to solve them. Thus, the problems, connected with the appearance of customs barriers and new state borders, decide via the conclusion of bilateral agreements on the organization of intergovermental transportation.
Many questions arose with the guarantee of the troops of Kaliningrad special region (transit through Lithuania and Belarus'). TsUP VOSO together with the interested administrations and the services MO proposed to organize navigable line Saint-Petersburg- Kaliningrad with the use of force and facilities of Baltic fleet and civil owners of North Western region.
Basic trends in further development of military transport service are: the improvement of the system of the comprehensive guarantee of the troops (naval forces) in transport sense; the improvement of the alert, operational, combat and mobilization training of the organs of military communications; the improvement of control system of military transportation taking into account changes in control system of transport; a study and the development of measures for the improvement of the [mobilizatsionnotekhnicheskoy] preparation of rail, sea, river and air transport; reconstruction of the cadre policy of the system of preparation and training of the officers of military transport service taking into account contemporary requirements.
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