Training Institutions
Prior to the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War in June, 1941, it was believed in the West that the following Naval Schools existed:
(1) Four Naval Schools open to all citizens between the ages of 17 to 22; the School for the Baltic Fleet (probably the chief one) was located at Leningrad, for the Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol, for the Pacific Fleet at Vladivostok, and for the Caspian Sea Fleet at Baku.
(2) The Naval Academy (similar to the US Naval War College) at Leningrad, was open to naval officers up to 35 years of age and command, aviation command, hydrography, and engineering were taught,
(3) The Supreme Naval Hydrographic School in Leningrad, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course four years.
(4) The Naval School of Coast Defense in Sevastopol, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course three years; number of students - 600.
(5) The Naval School of Communications in Leningrad, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course three years; number of students - 600.
(6) The Supreme Naval Engineering School in Leningrad, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course five years; number of students - 600.
(7) The Supreme Naval Construction-Engineering School in Leningrad, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22, course five years.
(8) The Naval Faculty of the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course five yrs.
(9) The Naval Medical School of the Commissariat of the Navy in Kronstadt, for all citizens between the ages of i7 and 22; course two years.
(10) The Naval Economic School of the Commissariat of the Navy in Peterhof (near Leningrad), for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course two years.
(11) The Naval Air School in Nikolaev, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course two years; number of students - 200. Graduates get title of Voyentechnic of 2nd rank.
(12) The Naval Air School (Stalin) in Eisk, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course two years; number of students - 200, Graduates get title of Voyentechnic of 2nd rank.
(13) The Naval Technical Air School in Perm, for all citizens between the ages of 17 and 22; course two years; number of students - 200. Graduates get title of Voyentechnic of 2nd rank.
(14) The Training Flotilla for Submarine Sailing, either in Leningrad or Kronstadt, was more likely an independent school but possibly was attached to the Supreme Naval School.
(15) The Navy Faculty of the Military Political Academy in Moscow, for naval officers up to 35 years of age.
(16) The Naval Political School in Leningrad, for Party members only; entrance age from 18 to 25; course two years.
(17) The 1st (Baltic) Naval Political School, for naval personnel; course one year.
(18) The 2nd (Pacific) Naval Political School, for naval personnel; course one year.
(19) The 3rd (Black Sea) Naval Political School, for naval personnel; course one year
In addition to the afore mentioned schools, during the fall of 1940, 7 new special secondary schools were opened for the primary training of young naval men. They closely resembled American High School Naval ROTC units and, during the summer, students spent some time in camps or aboard training ships. These schools were located at Moscow, Leningrad, Vladivostok, Gorki, Kiev, Odessa, and Baku.
There were two types of schools in USSR—the "7-year school" and the "10-year school". The first was comparable to American primary schools. The "10-year school" was a combination of US primary, grammar, and high schools. Its graduates were eligible for entrance into institutions of higher learning, i.e., universities, the Naval School, etc.
To become a Naval officer, it was necessary to had a "10-year" education before entering a Naval school. For army officer candidates, however, the requirements were not so high—only a "7-year" education was required.
Men eligible for Naval officer training must take a competitive examination. Candidates for entrance to the Naval School were selected from those passing the competitive examination with the highest grades. Enlisted men in the Navy were subject to the same competitive / examination in selection for officer-training as were civilians.
On graduating, the cadet was commissioned either as an Ensign (Junior Lieutenant, USSR Navy) or Lieut., Junior grade (Lieutenant, USSR Navy), depending upon his class standing. Upon graduation as a line officer, the officer selects the type of duty that pleases him most, i.e., gunnery, navigation, communications, mining, etc., and he was ordered to duty with the fleet. After a minimum of five years service as an officer, he was eligible for post graduate courses to further specialize in some field of particular interest to him.
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