| COVER |
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| PREFACE |
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| CHAPTER 1. |
INTRODUCTION |
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Section I General Considerations |
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1-1. Definitions |
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1-2. Full Spectrum Operations/Urban Operations Concept |
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1-3. Tactical Challenges |
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1-4. Importance of Urban Areas |
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1-5. Fundamentals of Urban Operations |
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1-6. Characteristics of Urban Operations |
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1-7. Urban Battle Space |
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Section II. Special Considerations |
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1-8. Weapons Considerations |
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1-9. Target Engagement |
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1-10. Munitions and Equipment |
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1-11. Noncombatants |
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1-12. Disease Prevention |
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1-13. Stress |
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1-14. Fratricide Avoidance |
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1-15. Situational Awareness |
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1-16. Media |
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1-17. Unexploded Ordnance |
| CHAPTER 2. |
URBAN ANALYSIS |
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Section I. Models of Urban Areas |
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2-1. General Urban Characteristics |
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2-2. Description of Urban Areas Worldwide |
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Section II. Terrain and Weather Analyses |
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2-3. Urban Zones and Street Patterns |
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2-4. Special Terrain Considerations |
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2-5. Special Weather Considerations |
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2-6. Analysis of Other Characteristics |
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2-7. Aperture Analysis |
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2-8. Questions for Commanders and Leaders |
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Section III. Urban Building Analysis |
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2-9. Types of Mass-Construction Buildings |
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2-10. Types of Framed Buildings |
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2-11. Floor Plans |
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2-12. Residential Areas |
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2-13. Characteristics of Buildings |
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2-14. Distribution of Building Types |
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Section IV. Urban Threat Evaluation |
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2-15. Operational Factors |
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2-16. Threat |
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2-17. Projected Threat Capabilities |
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2-18. Modern Urban Battle Analysis |
| CHAPTER 3. |
URBAN COMBAT SKILLS |
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Section I. Movement |
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3-1. Crossing Open Areas |
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3-2. Movement Parallel to Buildings |
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3-3. Movement Past Windows |
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3-4. Movement Around Corners |
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3-5. Crossing a Wall |
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3-6. Use of Doorways |
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3-7. Movement Between Positions |
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3-8. Fire Team Employment |
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Section II. Entry Techniques |
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3-9. Upper Building Levels |
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3-10. Use of Grappling Hook |
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3-11. Scaling of Walls |
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3-12. Rappelling |
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3-13. Entry at Lower Levels |
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3-14. Use of Hand Grenades |
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3-15. Individual Weapons Control When Moving |
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Section III. Clearing |
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3-16. High Intensity Versus Precision Clearing Techniques |
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3-17. Principles of Precision Room Clearing |
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3-18. Fundamentals of Precision Room Clearing |
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3-19. Composition of the Clearing Team |
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3-20. Breaching |
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3-21. Considerations for Entry |
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3-22. Techniques for Entering Buildings and Clearing Rooms |
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3-23. Reflexive Shooting |
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3-24. Target Discrimination |
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3-25. Movement Within a Building |
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3-26. Verbal Commands and Signals |
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3-27. Safety and Force Protection |
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Section IV. Fighting Positions |
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3-28. Hasty Fighting Position |
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3-29. Prepared Fighting Position |
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3-30. Target Acquisition |
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3-31. Defense Against Flame Weapons and Incendiary Munitions |
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3-32. Defense Against Enhanced Flame Weapons |
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Section V. Navigation in Urban Areas |
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3-33. Military Maps |
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3-34. Global Positioning Systems |
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3-35. Aerial Photographs |
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Section VI. Camouflage |
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3-36. Application |
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3-37. Use of Shadows |
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3-38. Color and Texture |
| CHAPTER 4. |
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS |
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Section I. Offensive Considerations |
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4-1. Reasons for Attacking Urban Areas |
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4-2. Reasons for Not Attacking Urban Areas |
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4-3. Troop Requirements |
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4-4. Fires and Maneuver |
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4-5. Limitations |
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Section II. Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops, Time, Civil Factors |
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4-6. Mission |
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4-7. Enemy |
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4-8. Terrain and Weather |
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4-9. Troops Available |
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4-10. Time Available |
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4-11 Civil Considerations |
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Section III. Command and Control |
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4-12. Command |
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4-13. Control |
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4-14. Focus on the Threat |
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4-15. Commander's Critical Information Requirements |
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4-16. Rehearsals |
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Section IV. Offensive Framework and Types of Attacks |
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4-17. Offensive Framework |
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4-18. Hasty Attack |
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4-19. Deliberate Attack |
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Section V. Brigade Offensive Operations |
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4-20. Task Organization |
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4-21. Assess |
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4-22. Shape |
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4-23. Dominate |
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4-24. Types of Offensive Operations |
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4-25. Transition |
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Section VI. Battalion Task Force Offensive Operations |
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4-26. Task Organization |
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4-27. Deliberate Attack |
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4-28. Movement to Contact |
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4-29. Infiltration |
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4-30. Attack of a Village |
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4-31. Route Security and Clearance |
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4-32. Nodal Attack |
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Section VII. Company Team Attack of an Urban Area |
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4-33. Task Organization |
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4-34. Deliberate Attack |
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4-35. Isolate an Urban Objective |
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4-36. Assault a Building |
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4-37. Attack of a Block or Group of Buildings |
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4-38. Hasty Attack |
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4-39. Movement to Contact and Reconnaissance |
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4-40. Seizure of Key Urban Terrain |
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4-41. Direct Fire Planning and Control |
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Section VIII. Platoon Attack of an Urban Area |
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4-42. Task Organization (Platoon Attack of a Building) |
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4-43. Movement in Urban Terrain |
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4-44. Attacking in Urban Terrain |
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4-45. Platoon Assault of a Building |
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4-46. Consolidation and Reorganization |
| CHAPTER 5. |
DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS |
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Section I. Defensive Considerations |
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5-1. Reasons for Defending Urban Areas |
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5-2. Reasons for Not Defending Urban Areas |
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5-3. General Considerations |
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Section II. Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops and Time Available, Civil Considerations |
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5-4. Mission |
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5-5. Enemy |
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5-6. Terrain and Weather |
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5-7. Time Available |
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5-8. Troops Available |
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5-9. Civil Considerations |
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Section III. Defensive Framework and Organization |
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5-10. Defensive Framework |
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5-11. Command and Control |
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5-12. Organization and Preparation of the Defense |
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5-13. Priorities of Work |
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Section IV. Brigade Defensive Operations |
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5-14. Defensive Planning |
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5-15. Integrating the Urban Area into the Defense |
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5-16. Nodal Defense |
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Section V. Battalion Defensive Operations |
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5-17. Employment of Combat and Combat Support Assets |
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5-18. Integrating Urban Areas into the Defense |
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5-19. Defense of a Village |
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5-20. Defense in Sector |
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5-21. Nodal Defense |
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5-22. Delay |
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Section VI. Company Defensive Operations |
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5-23. Hasty Defense |
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5-24. Defense of a Village |
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5-25. Defense of a Block or Group of Buildings |
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5-26. Defense of Key Urban Terrain |
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5-27. Defense of an Urban Strongpoint |
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5-28. Delay |
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Section VII. Platoon Defensive Operations |
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5-29. Planning the Defense |
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5-30. Priorities of Work and Defensive Considerations |
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5-31. Conduct of the Defense |
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5-32. Consolidation and Reorganization |
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5-33. Counterattack |
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5-34. Defense Against Armor |
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5-35. Conduct of Armored Ambush |
| CHAPTER 6. |
SNIPER AND COUNTERSNIPER TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES |
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Section I. Employment of Snipers |
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6-1. Sniper Capabilities |
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6-2. Employment Considerations |
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6-3. Commander's Responsibilities to the Sniper |
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Section II. Countering the Urban Sniper |
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6-4. Types of Enemy Snipers and Their Capabilities |
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6-5. The Law of Land Warfare Applied to Snipers |
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6-6. Sniper Awareness |
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6-7. Planning Sniper Countermeasures |
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6-8. Countersniper Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures |
| CHAPTER 7. |
EMPLOYMENT AND EFFECTS OF WEAPONS |
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7-1. Effectiveness of Weapons and Demolitions |
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7-2. Rifle, Carbine, and Squad Automatic Weapon |
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7-3 Medium and Heavy Machine Guns (7.62-mm and Caliber .50) |
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7-4. Grenade Launchers, 40-mm (M203 and MK 19) |
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7-5. Light and Medium Recoilless Weapons |
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7-6. Antitank Guided Missiles |
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7-7. Flame Weapons |
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7-8. Hand Grenades |
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7-9. Mortars |
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7-10. 25-mm Automatic Gun |
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7-11. Tank Cannon |
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7-12. Artillery and Naval Gunfire |
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7-13. Aerial Weapons |
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7-14. Demolitions |
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7-15. Common Effects of Urban Combat |
| CHAPTER 8. |
OBSTACLES, MINES, AND DEMOLITIONS |
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Section I. Obstacles |
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8-1. Types of Obstacles. |
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8-2. Construction of Obstacles |
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Section II. Mines |
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8-3. Types of Mines and Employment Techniques |
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8-4. Enemy Mines and Booby Traps |
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Section III. Demolitions |
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8-5. Offensive Use |
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8-6. Defensive Use |
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8-7. Safety |
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Section IV. Field Expedient Breaching of Common Urban Barriers |
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8-8. Force Protection |
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8-9. Breaching Reinforced and Nonreinforced Exterior Walls |
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8-10. Breaching Interior Walls and Partitions |
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8-11. Door-Breaching Charges |
| CHAPTER 9 |
EMPLOYMENT OF ATTACK AND ASSAULT/CARGO HELICOPTERS |
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9-1. Support for Ground Maneuver Units |
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9-2. Role During Urban Operations. |
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9-3. Command and Control |
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9-4. Maneuver Graphic Aids |
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9-5. Identifying Friendly Positions, Marking Locations, and Acquiring Targets |
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9-6. Attack Helicopter Target Engagement |
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9-7. Air Ground Integration in the Hasty Attack/Close Fight |
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9-8. Employment of Assault/Cargo Helicopters |
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9-9. Aviation Urban Operations Risk Assessment |
| CHAPTER 10. |
FIRES |
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10-1. Brigade Fire Support for Urban Operations |
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10-2. Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) |
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10-3. Mission Support of Offensive and Defensive Operations |
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10-4. Acquisition Platforms |
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10-5. Meteorological and Survey Requirements |
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10-6. Delivery Assets |
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10-7. Tactical Air |
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10-8. Nonlethal Means |
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10-9. Artillery Used in Direct Fire |
| CHAPTER 11. |
MOBILITY, COUNTERMOBILITY, SURVIVABILITY |
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11-1. General |
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11-2. Mission Analysis |
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11-3. Support Products |
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11-4. Engineer Staff Planning Checklist (Brigade and Below) |
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11-5. Reconnaissance and Surveillance Planning Considerations |
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11-6. Mobility Planning Considerations |
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11-7. Countermobility Planning Considerations |
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11-8. Survivability Planning Considerations |
| CHAPTER 12. |
COMBAT SUPPORT |
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12-1. Mortars |
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12-2. Field Artillery |
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12-3. Air Defense Artillery |
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12-4. Engineers |
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12-5. Military Police |
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12-6. Communications |
| CHAPTER 13. |
COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT |
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Section I. General |
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13-1. Guidelines |
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13-2. Principal Functions |
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13-3. Supply and Movement Functions |
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13-4. Company Resupply Operations. |
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13-5. Load Planning and Management |
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13-6. Other Combat Service Support Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures |
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13-7. Personnel Services |
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13-8. Deceased Personnel |
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Section II. Combat Health Support |
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13-9. Medical Considerations for the Battalion Staff |
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13-10. Considerations for the Combat Medic (Trauma Specialist) |
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13-11. Considerations for the Battalion Physician's Assistant and Command Surgeon |
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13-12. Battalion Aid Station Operations |
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13-13. Precombat Medical Checklists |
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Section III. Legal Aspects of Urban Operations |
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13-14. Civilian Impact in the Battle Area |
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13-15. Limits of Authority |
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13-16. Diversion of Military Resources |
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13-17. Health and Welfare |
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13-18. Law and Order |
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13-19. Public Affairs Officer and Media Relations |
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13-20. Civil Affairs Units and Psychological Operations |
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13-21. Provost Marshall |
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13-22. Commanders' Legal Authority and Responsibilities |
| CHAPTER 14. |
STABILITY OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS |
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Section I. Stability Operations |
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14-1. Purposes and Types of Stability Operations |
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14-2. Planning Considerations |
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14-3. Establish a Lodgment Area |
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14-4. Conduct Negotiations |
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14-5. Monitor Compliance With an Agreement |
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14-6. Establish Observation Posts |
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14-7. Establish Checkpoints |
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14-8. Conduct Area Security Patrols |
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14-9. Conduct Convoy Escort |
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14-10. Open and Clear Routes |
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14-11. Conduct Reserve Force Mission |
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14-12. Cordon and Search |
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Section II. Support Operations |
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14-13. Types of Support Operations |
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14-14. Forms of Support Operations |
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14-15. Phases of Support Operations |
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Section III. Transition to Combat Operations |
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14-16. Plan for Contingencies |
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14-17. Balanced Mindset |
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14-18. Combat Skills Training |
| APPENDIX A. |
URBAN OPERATIONS UNDER RESTRICTIVE CONDITIONS |
| APPENDIX B. |
URBAN OPERATIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF LIMITED VISIBILITY |
| APPENDIX C. |
LIGHT INFANTRY AND ARMORED VEHICLE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES |
| APPENDIX D. |
INFORMATION OPERATIONS |
| APPENDIX E. |
COALITION OPERATIONS |
| APPENDIX F. |
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, TOXIC INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS, AND THE USE OF OBSCURATION |
| APPENDIX G. |
INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS CHECKLISTS FOR URBAN OPERATIONS |
| APPENDIX H. |
LESSONS LEARNED FROM MODERN URBAN COMBAT |
| APPENDIX I. |
PLATOON URBAN OPERATIONS KIT AND TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR MARKING BUILDINGS AND ROOMS |
| APPENDIX J. |
SUBTERRANEAN OPERATIONS |
| APPENDIX K. |
TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF MORTARS ON URBAN TERRAIN |
| APPENDIX L. |
COMMUNICATIONS DURING URBAN OPERATIONS |
| GLOSSARY |
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| REFERENCES |
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| AUTHENTICATION |
