APPENDIX G
INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS CHECKLISTS FOR URBAN OPERATIONS
Commanders use priority intelligence requirements (PIR) and essential elements of information (EEI) to facilitate rapid crisis planning. Intelligence staffs at all levels must be prepared to react to crisis situations and provide commanders with accurate, timely, and detailed intelligence and information in support of urban operations. (See FM 34-130 for more detailed information.)
Section I. CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS
Accommodating the social fabric of a city is potentially the most influential factor in the conduct of urban operations (UO). Unfortunately, this accommodation is often the most neglected factor. Social factors have greater impact in UO than in any other environment. The density of civilians and the constant interaction between them and US forces greatly increase the importance of social considerations. The fastest way to damage the legitimacy of an operation is to ignore or violate the social mores or precepts of a particular population.
G-1. CULTURAL NORMS
The interaction of different cultures during UO demands much greater recognition than in other environments. This greater need for understanding comes from the increased interaction with the civilian populace. Every culture has a set of norms and values, which could involve such diverse areas as food, sleep patterns, casual and close relationships, manners, and cleanliness. Understanding these differences is only the start in preparing for cultural differences.
G-2. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
Religious beliefs and practices are among the most important and least understood aspects of the cultures of other peoples. In many parts of the world, religious norms are a matter of life and death. In many religious wars, it is not uncommon to find suicidal acts in the name of a particular god. In those situations, religious beliefs may be considered more important than life itself. Failure to recognize and respect religious beliefs will quickly erode the legitimacy of the US mission.
G-3. LOCAL GOVERNMENT
In many US military missions, forces respond in support of a given political entity. Consequently, promoting the supported government aids in legitimizing the military mission. While it is important to articulate US contributions, it is also important to advocate the accomplishments of the native government for long-term success. If legitimacy is not established for the native government, stability may be only temporary. US military planners must identify key governmental officials and integrate them as appropriate early in the operation. There are two benefits to this early integration. First, they can provide valuable information needed for successful completion of the operations to include city infrastructure, locations of enemy concentration, and a common picture of cultural norms. Second, close cooperation with government officials provides the host government the catalyst to attain legitimacy with the populace for involvement of US forces.
a. In some developing countries, governments are characterized by nepotism, favor-trading, subtle sabotage, and indifference. Corruption is sometimes pervasive and institutionalized as a practical way to manage excess demand for city services. The power of officials is primarily based on family connections, personal power base, and age, and only after that on education, training, and competence.
b. A local government's breakdown from its previous level of effectiveness quickly exacerbates problems of public health and mobility. Attempts to get the local-level bureaucracy to function along US lines produce further breakdown or passive indifference. Any unintentional or intentional threat to the privileges of ranking local officials or to members of their families will be stubbornly resisted. Avoiding such threats and assessing the importance of particular officials requires knowledge of family ties.
G-4. LOCAL POPULATION
US military planners must also recognize that the urban populace will behave as they see their own self-interest. They are keenly aware of four sets of interests at work: those of the US forces; those of hostile elements; those of local opportunists; and those of the general population. They size up these interests constantly in order to ascertain their own stakes, risks, and payoffs.
G-5. REFUGEES
Another significant cultural problem is the presence of refugees within an urban area. Rural immigrants, combined with city residents displaced by urban conflict, can create a significant strategic problem. Noncombatants and refugees without hostile intent can overwhelm the force of an advancing platoon. Additionally, there may be enemy troops, criminal gangs, vigilantes, paramilitary factions, and factions within those factions hiding in the waves of the displaced. The threat knows that it is impossible to tell friend from foe from disinterested. Local combat situations can change with bewildering speed, as the supposed innocent becomes the opposition within close quarters and indefensible positions. Chechen rebels and the Hezbollah effectively used the cover of refugees to attack occupying forces and counted on heavy civilian casualties in the counterattack to gain support with the native population. The goal is to place incalculable stresses on the individual soldier in order to break down discipline and operational integrity. From Belfast to Lebanon, the constant pressure of differentiating friend from foe taxed and sometimes undermined rules of engagement, and in some cases, entire missions.
G-5. INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS
Tables G-1 and G-2 display intelligence requirement checklists for the population and urban social structure.
What is the urban population?
|
What is the age structure?
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Is there a refugee/displaced people situation?
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What is the population of the rural areas surrounding the urban area?
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Table G-1. Population intelligence requirements checklist.
What is the ethnic structure?
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What is the racial structure?
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Table G-2. Urban social structure intelligence requirements checklist.
What is the religious structure?
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What is the structure of national origin?
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What is the tribal/clan structure?
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Is there a terrorist structure?
|
Table G-2. Urban social structure intelligence requirements checklist (continued).
Is there a gang structure?
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Is there an organized crime structure?
|
What is the structure of the economic classes?
|
Table G-2. Urban social structure intelligence requirements checklist (continued).
What is the structure of the economic classes? (Continued)
|
What is the political structure?
|
What is the structure of the city government?
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What social actions are taboo or insulting to the urban population?
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What languages are spoken in the urban area?
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Are there any overlaps and or splits among the social divisions?
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Are the composite groups based on political behavior?
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Table G-2. Urban social structure intelligence requirements checklist (continued).
What are the active or potential issues motivating the political behavior of each group/subgroup?
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What is the history of conflict in the state?
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Does the city, other local, or national government control the city? If not, who does?
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What is the popular support of the city, other local and national governments?
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What is the popular support of US/coalition government?
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What is the local posture toward US/coalition government?
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What posture should US/coalition forces adopt in order to gain maximum local support?
|
What is the influence of the media?
|
What propaganda is currently being disseminated?
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Table G-2. Urban social structure intelligence requirements checklist (continued).
What is the relationship between the urban and rural areas?
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Describe the urban social make-up, to include:
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What is the urban area's importance?
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Are there any historic structures?
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What types of identification are required or in use in the urban area?
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What crisis management procedures exist within the urban area?
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Table G-2. Urban social structure intelligence requirements checklist (continued).
Section II. CITY INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
A city is more than a change in terrain on which to apply conventional tactics. A city is a system of systems that supports the total functioning of an urban area—no part functions independent of the others. The systems within the city include its physical composition, supporting utilities, and social factors. Each component impacts on the population, the normal operation of the city, and potentially the long-term success of military operations conducted there. Military planners must understand the functions and interrelationships of these systems in order to achieve success. (Tables G-3 through G-24, provide intelligence requirements checklists for urban operations.)
G-6. CITY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS
Urban infrastructure is the city's foundation. This infrastructure includes buildings, bridges, roads, airfields, ports, subways, and similar physical structures. These structures provide the base on which the rest of the city is developed.
a. Transportation. The transportation network of a city is an integral part of its operation. This network includes roads, railways, subways, and ports (air and sea). Transportation facilitates the inter- and intra-movement of material and personnel that form the lifeblood of the city.
(1) Control of these transportation nodes may be important for both a given military operation and the normal functioning of the city. Supplies, which travel through this transportation system, could include food, medicine, heating oil and gas, and military supplies such as ammunition and spare parts. Personnel who are moved along this transportation network could include people with various skills and intent such as doctors, government officials, repairmen or military reinforcements. US military forces may have to limit the transit of enemy supplies and reinforcements while facilitating the transport of critical civilian supplies and personnel.
(2) Operationally, securing air and seaports may be imperative for follow-on forces and supplies, but there are many possible implications of securing all the transportation nodes and stopping all inter- and intra-city movement. While the US mission may be immediately facilitated, there are critical needs of the noncombatant populace that would go unmet. Although it might be attractive to isolate the city, military planners must be aware of the noncombatants' needs for medical personnel and supplies, heating supplies, food, transit to work and school, and all the other items that minimize hardship and promote normalcy within the city. Reducing this hardship contributes to gaining the mission's legitimacy.
(3) Most developing country urban areas have two transportation systems: formal and paratransit. Formal systems are characterized by large organizations, bureaucracy, imported technology, scheduled services, fixed fares/rates, and limited employment opportunities for the urban populace. Paratransit is characterized by great decentralization; low barriers to entry, family and individual entrepreneur organization, adapted technology, negotiated prices, and flexible routes, destinations, and times of service. Paratransit tends to be labor absorbing and covers a much greater area of the city than the formal system. Therefore, paratransit is more likely to function through turbulence and conflict. Paratransit often includes a waterborne element. Together with elements of the formal system, paratransit plays a key role in the movement of goods and people into, out of, and within the urban area. This key role also includes the city's food supply zone that may extend up to 100 kilometers from the urban center. Understanding both systems will help US Forces monitor or control movement in a developing country city.
b. Physical Composition. The physical composition of the city provides the fundamental structure in which the city community conducts normal activities. Physical features of the city have more than military significance. In addition to housing an enemy, the buildings of the city also accommodate the businesses, government, noncombatants, schools, and similar functions critical to the normal conditions of the city. Military planners and personnel must restrain the urge to rubble structures, even when they identify enemy within. There are both legal and moral reasons for this restraint. The Geneva Convention states "any destruction by the occupying power of real or personal property belonging individually or collectively to private persons, or to the state, or to other public authorities, or to social or cooperative organizations, is prohibited, except where such destruction is rendered absolutely necessary by military operations." This restriction also has a moral consideration. While the enemy may be inside the building, so too may be innocent civilians. Therefore, the tactical commander must carefully consider a full range of implication before leveling a building housing the enemy. Military success may well be measured by how a mission is accomplished while minimizing the destruction. Minimizing collateral damage reduces the hardship within the city and leads to a faster return to normalcy during the post-hostilities phase.
c. Utilities. Urban utilities include communications, natural gas, electricity, water, and health services.
(1) Communications. Communications is a utility that impacts the military mission and the civilian populace. Besides face-to-face conversation, the communications system controls the information flow within the city. Telephones (wire and cellular), radio, television, newspapers, and the Internet provide a community information and thus influences individual perspectives. Information can relieve much of the populace's tension and at the same time provide essential intelligence for friendly forces. The management of information to enhance legitimacy may occur in three distinct ways.
(a) First, communication with the local populace serves to enhance the legitimacy of the mission to the population, which includes factors such as the intent of the mission, locations of services available, or the manner in which the population can assist the mission. If the populace does not understand the mission, false expectations may be created that US forces may not be able to meet. The use of civil affairs personnel is the most effective way to communicate with the civilian populace on these matters.
(b) A second function of information management is to enhance the legitimacy of the US involvement in the eyes of the international community. This function is done through the media and may include a candid assessment of the current operation, changes in the mission, or any other newsworthy story. The public affairs office (PAO) can use the communication system to link with the media and subsequently the international community.
(c) Third, information management affords the US commander the ability to carry out his psychological operations (PSYOP) plan. Used as a force multiplier, PSYOP has the potential to convince enemy combatants that further resistance would be futile. Controlling the city's communication facilitates this and, at the same time, limits the enemy's use for their operations.
(2) Natural Gas. Natural gas provides the basic heating for the population in many parts of the world. The natural gas industry consists of three components: production, transmission, and local distribution. The gas companies must transport the gas to central areas and then store it in numerous facilities before pumping it to homes and businesses for use. From a tactical and operational perspective, control of this system provides minimal advantage to friendly forces, but protecting its destruction or damage would prevent unnecessary hardship to the civilian population.
(3) Electricity. Electricity is critical to the normal state within a city. Power companies in a community provide a basic service which allows the population to cook, communicate, heat water, and see at night.
(a) There are three stages to this process: generation, transmission, and distribution. Generation is the process of producing electricity. Transmission connects power systems to the market areas. Distribution is the process of delivering the electricity to the consumer. A key factor is that electricity cannot be stored in any sizable amount and that damage to any portion of this utility causes an immediate impact on the population.
(b) While electricity facilitates many functions of normality, there are also military considerations. For example, the combination of equipment and training affords US forces a marked advantage over most adversaries during night operations. Consequently, US forces may want to control the electric system so that they may maintain this advantage during certain time periods. Likewise, the commander may want to deny enemy access to services provided through electricity. Rather than destroying a power generation capability, forces may gain an advantage by selectively turning off power for a specified time, retaining the ability to return to normal operation at a moment's notice.
(4) Water. Water is essential to many basic human needs. Water companies provide the population clean water to drink, cook, bathe, and wash. Water production and distribution are also basic processes. The water companies refine the water, pump it to storage facilities, and finally pump it to the consumer. The tactical implications of controlling this system are similar to that of natural gas. US forces may gain no marked tactical advantage by controlling this system, but its protection minimizes the population's hardship and thus contributes to overall mission success.
(5) Health Services. Health services are significantly lacking in many countries. Compounding this problem is the presence of deadly parasites and diseases that are abundant in many areas. Disasters (natural or manmade) can significantly worsen the already poor health services condition. Contaminated water, the lack of fuel for heating and sterilization, and increased injuries could easily overwhelm the medical infrastructure of a city. Support to an existing medical system may enhance the US mission, as well as foster its legitimacy.
Police or military units with police authority/mission.
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Fire.
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Medical.
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Table G-3. Critical urban services checklist.
Water.
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Graves/casualty disposal.
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Trash disposal.
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Food supply.
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Schools and churches.
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Other structures of political or social significance.
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Table G-3. Critical urban services checklist (continued).
What are the capabilities concerning fuel resources?
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Where are the material-producing factories in the urban area?
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Table G-4. Resources and material production checklist.
Are any materials produced used for a military purpose?
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What makes the production significant to the urban area? |
How can materials be used in conflict? |
Where are the machine shops?
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Where are the foundries?
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What is the fire protection?
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Where is the water supply?
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What is the source of electricity?
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Table G-4. Resources and material production checklist (continued).
What is the location of the airfield? |
Description.
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What is the status of the airfield? |
Who is in control of the airfield? |
Table G-5. Airfields checklist.
What type of airfield is it?
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What is the principle use? |
Where are the storage areas?
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Where are the maintenance facilities?
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Where is the administration building located? |
Where is the electrical power source?
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Where is the natural gas source? |
Where are the medical facilities?
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Describe any terrain key to both the airfield and urban area. |
Are there any vertical obstructions, not contained in published data, that pose a threat to helicopters or other aircraft at/under 50 feet above ground level (AGL)? |
Are there any obstacles to flight within 5 to 10 kilometers of the airfield? |
What radar equipment and type are associated with the airfield? |
Do we have access to blueprints of the airfield and its facilities? |
Where are the emergency facilities located?
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What kind of and how many ground security forces are routinely present?
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Table G-5. Airfields checklist (continued).
What is/are the locations of LZs? |
What are the characteristics of the LZ?
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Identify any buildings with rooftop HLZs.
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What are the distance and direction from the designated objectives? |
What/where is the anti-air threat?
|
Table G-6. Helicopter landing zones checklist.
What are the classifications of routes in the urban area?
|
What is the location? |
Is the route trafficable? |
What is the length of the route? |
What are the roadway characteristics?
|
Where are the side hill cuts? |
Where are the through cuts? |
Table G-7. Roadways checklist.
Where are the bridges?
|
Where are the fords? |
Where are the ferries? |
Where are the tunnels, galleries and snowsheds?
|
Where are the underpasses/vulnerable points? |
Where are the areas subject to blockade? |
Where are the checkpoints? |
Where are the obstacles?
|
What is the civilian use?
|
What are the street patterns?
|
Do maps correspond with the routes? |
Are routes compartmentalized? |
Table G-7. Roadways checklist (continued).
Where are the freight handling facilities? |
Where are the repair shops/locomotive terminals? |
Where are the fuel facilities?
|
Where is the rolling stock?
|
Describe railheads.
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Table G-8. Railways checklist.
Location? |
What obstacle is crossed? |
What is the route designation? |
What are the military load classifications? |
What is the maximum load capacity? |
What is the condition of the bridge? |
What extent of effort would be required to repair it? |
Where and what condition are the bypasses? |
What is the condition of the approaches? |
What is the condition of the banks? |
What is the overall bridge length? |
What is the structure type? |
What is the military nomenclature? |
What is the number of spans?
|
What is the condition of the abutments/piers? |
What is the width of the roadway? |
What is the under-bridge clearance? |
Where are the walkways? |
What is the condition of the spans? |
What is the condition of the suspension system? |
What are the characteristics of any moveable spans? |
What is the condition of the intermediate supports? |
What are the characteristics of a floating bridge? |
What are the safety and security features? |
Where are the traffic control markings? |
What is the effect of weather and climate? |
Table G-9. Bridges checklist.
What type of bridge is it? |
Is the bridge significant in linking the urban area together? |
If the use of the bridge is denied, what is the result? |
Are there any alternate routes? |
What is the horizontal clearance? |
What is the vertical clearance? |
Table G-9. Bridges checklist (continued).
Are maps available of the subway system?
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Where are the entrances and exits of the system? |
What is the schedule of trains? |
How can the system be accessed?
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Describe the tunnels. |
Describe the rails. |
Describe the trains.
|
What is the soil, rock or compound that the tunnels are cut through? |
How would demolition in the subway affect the urban area? (surface structure, subterranean foundation). |
What is the composition of the subway system? |
What is the electrical source? |
How is the subway operated and managed? |
What is the emergency response? |
What is the condition of the subway system? |
What is the decibel level around the trains? At what distance is noise a factor to ground operations? |
Type of construction.
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Table G-10. Subways checklist.
What is the location of crossover sections? |
Where are the controls for the crossover sections? |
What reinforcements are part of the construction to add support and waterproofing? (Example: hard burned brick laid in hot asphalt.) |
Describe the layers of the inner subway construction. |
Locate manholes. |
What is the evacuation plan? |
What is the construction of beams and shafts? |
Where are any turns or corners? |
Where are terminals located? |
Where are the maintenance facilities located? |
Describe the railbed (grade, subgrade, rail embedding). |
Describe any subterranean structures. |
What is the security of the subway? |
Describe the ventilation system. |
Is there a vagrant/squatter population residing in the subway system?
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Table G-10. Subways checklist (continued).
What is the location of the tunnel/passage? |
What is the location of the portals on roof? |
What does the tunnel/passage connect in the urban area? |
If the use of the tunnel were denied, what would result? Where would redirection occur? |
What is the length? |
What is the type?
|
What are the features?
|
Where are the horizontal and vertical constructions? (Type, least clearance, location from portal). |
Table G-11. Other subterranean features checklist.
What are the features of the sewer/drainage systems?
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What is the alignment?
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How many man-ways are there?
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What is the obstacle tunneled? |
What are the features of the portals?
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What are the features of the lining materials?
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Where are the shoring and bracing?
|
What is the geological data? |
What is the overburden? (Material, depth). |
Where are the demolition chambers? (Location, dimension). |
Where is the ventilation? (Description, adequacy). |
What is the drainage system? (Description, location, power source). |
Where are the lighting facilities? (Type, location, power source). |
What is the year of construction? |
Where are the bypasses?
|
Where are the alternate routes? |
What are the traffic control markings? |
What are the surface features over tunnels? |
What are the effects of climate and weather? |
What are the special geophysical phenomena? |
What is the susceptibilities to above ground demolitions? |
Describe adjacent key terrain. |
Table G-11. Other subterranean features checklist (continued).
Do buildings in the urban area have basements/subbasements/sub-subbasements?
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Table G-11. Other subterranean features checklist (continued).
What type of plant is it?
|
What is the economic significance of the power plant? |
What is the social significance of the power plant? |
What is the fuel source?
|
Where are the generators?
|
Where are the exciters? (Quantity). |
Where are the turbines? (Quantity). |
Where are the boilers? (Steam power plant). |
Where are the compressors? (Gas power plant). |
Where are the combustion chambers? (Gas power plant). |
Where are the diesel engines? (Diesel power plant). |
Where are the reactor containment structures? (Nuclear power plant). |
Where are the water intakes and outlets? (Nuclear power plant). |
Where are the power transformers? |
Where are the switchyards? |
What is the threat to the surrounding area should this facility be damaged? (Nuclear power plant).
|
Table G-12. Power plants checklist.
Is there a power generator backup? |
What is the power grid that the power plant services and its location?
|
What is the best component to disable the facility, and for how long will it be disabled? |
Where are the power plant step-down transformers for plant power distribution located?
|
Who controls the power plant? |
Who controls the maintenance? |
Where are the substations located? |
How are the substations powered? |
What (sub) station is the primary power plant for the incident urban area? |
Does the power plant control interconnected energy? |
Where is the water storage center? |
Where are the fuel storage centers?
|
Where are log booms located? |
What kind of physical security measures are present?
|
Describe any other components of the facility's layout. |
Table G-12. Power plants (continued).
Where is the water control center located?
|
Are there any substations? |
Does the incident urban area have water supply towers? |
Does the incident urban area have wells available for use? |
How available are local streams, rivers, lakes and ocean waters? |
How effective is the incident country at leak detection? |
Is the incident urban area currently experiencing any water shortage? |
How is irrigation in the area? (Poor irrigation practices consume 90 percent of all water used in poor countries.) |
Is incident country or urban area receiving aid to be spent on projects to increase potable water output? |
Table G-13. Water systems checklist.
How reliable are the engineering and environmental testing? |
Is water treatment privatized? |
Is there any trenchless construction? |
What type of pipes have been installed? |
What are the health risks from raw water? |
What type of security is present at the facility? |
Do any rivers/canals run through the city?
|
Table G-13. Water systems checklist (continued).
How adequate is the sewage and waste disposal system? |
What action (for example, combat) will lead to the breakdown of the waste disposal system? |
Who/where are the points of contact to ensure the sewage and waste disposal system is maintained? |
Where is the control center of the sewage system? |
How is it operated? |
What is the schedule of operation? |
What is the security of the facility? |
Table G-14. Sewage and waste disposal checklist.
Where are the fields located? |
Who owns the fields? |
What type of field is it? |
What is the size of the field? |
What is the status of the field? |
What is the level of production? (Barrels, tons, cubic feet per time period). |
What are the number and location of the producing wells? |
What percent of national production does this field produce? |
What is the product?
|
Where are the reserves?
|
Table G-15. Petroleum and natural gas facilities checklist.
What is the planned expansion?
|
What is the transportation method?
|
What is the easiest method for rendering the field inoperable? For what period of time? |
What is the percentage of infield processing? |
What is the percentage of refinery processing? |
What is the distance to the nearest refinery? |
What are the transportation methods for product movement to the refinery? |
What is the location of the processing plants? |
What type of plant is it? |
What percent of national refining/cracking does this plant represent? |
When was it completed? |
What is the general condition? |
What is the rated production capacity? |
Where is the refinery processing area? |
Where are the atmospheric distillation towers? |
Where are the crude oil feed furnaces?
|
Where are the receiving facilities and crude oil storage? |
Where are the catalyst vessels?
|
Where are the vapor vessels?
|
Where is the ancillary equipment?
|
What is the output?
|
What is the power source of the plant? |
What is the water source of the plant? |
What type of transportation is used?
|
Table G-15. Petroleum and natural gas facilities checklist (continued).
What is the planned expansion? |
Where are the administration and maintenance buildings? |
Where are the finished product storage areas?
|
Are refinery flow charts/diagrams available to include distribution facilities? |
Where are the critical damage points? |
What type of storage is there? |
Who owns the storage facility? |
What is the total storage capacity? |
What percent of the national total is stored? |
What is the general condition? |
Where are the storage tanks?
|
Where are the storage drums?
|
What is the transportation method?
|
Where are the receiving and distribution facilities? |
Where are the support facilities? |
What is the easiest method for rendering the storage facility inoperable? Time? |
Table G-15. Petroleum and natural gas facilities checklist (continued).
What are the locations of telecommunication and broadcasting assets (such as radio and television) and their primary use? |
What are their economic and strategic/tactical importances? |
What is the controlling government administration?
|
Where is the transmitting/receiving equipment?
|
Table G-16. Communications checklist.
Where are the control buildings? |
What is the power source?
|
What are the auxiliary power sources?
|
Where are the antenna fields?
|
Where is the support area?
|
Where are the radio relay stations? |
What is the military communications establishment?
|
Where is the research and development?
|
Where are the intercept and direction-finding stations?
|
Table G-16. Communications checklist (continued).
Where are the telephone and telegraph facilities?
|
Where is the construction line?
|
Where are the submarine cable facilities?
|
What are the technical details?
|
Is there any electromagnetic (EM) activity site areas that would hamper communications? |
Is there an in-city trucking capability to include cross-country and cross-border trucking? |
Who provides or produces the military and commercial communication equipment?
|
Where are the high voltage/em radiation hazard areas? |
Are there schematics or diagrams of the facility? Where can they be obtained? |
What is the connectivity to local/national communication systems? |
What is the data transmission capability through satellite communications (SATCOM)? |
What are the locations and capabilities of technicians to repair the facility? |
Where are central locations for the control facilities? |
How many television channels are there? |
How many satellite earth stations are there?
|
What computer networks are available?
|
Table G-16. Communications checklist (continued).
Where are the medical facilities? |
How many patients can the facility accommodate?
|
Who manages the facility? |
Is the facility accessible to the public? |
Are private medical facilities available? |
How advanced is the medicine being practiced? |
Is medicine practiced different from that in the US? |
How adequate are the facilities supplies? Resupply? |
How well staffed is the facility? |
At what level will medical care become over whelmed should combat occur? |
What is the predicted infectious disease risk and occurrence? |
Where are the blood banks? |
How much blood is stored? |
Is blood adequately screened for infectious disease? |
Where are the medical manufacturers? |
What medical capable transport is available from the host nation? |
What is the environmental health risk? |
What is the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) risk? |
Table G-17. Medical facilities checklist.
Where are all the entrances to the building? (Include fire escapes.) |
What size is the building?
|
What is the building used for? |
Describe the occupants. |
What type of security system or other protective devices are in use? |
Are there security personnel?
|
What is the composition of the outer walls? |
What type of insulation is used in the walls? Is it flammable? |
Can small arms fire penetrate the external walls? |
Can the utilities be regulated from outside the building? |
What types of utilities are in the building? |
Are there flammables or fuel stored in or around the building? |
What are the dimensions of the inside rooms? |
Where are the inside doorways? |
Can small arms fire penetrate the inner walls? Are they reinforced? |
Is there a basement or cellar? |
Table G-18. Building construction checklist.
Is there an attic or roof crawl space? |
Are there any telephones? |
Are there other communications means?
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Where are the stairwells? |
Are there blueprints, engineer plans or wiring diagrams of the building? |
Are there photographs of the building and surrounding area? |
Identify personnel who are able to describe the building and it's interior. |
Describe the pattern of construction. |
Describe the roof. |
Describe any subterranean construction.
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Describe any stadiums.
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What type of support structure is used in the buildings? |
Are there any mouseholes? |
NOTE: The design and construction of buildings within a certain urban area are influenced by numerous factors to include climate, materials available, function, and cultural development of the region. Critical factors to be considered in evaluating the construction of a building for attack, defense or destruction include: 1. The protective value offered by walls, roof, ceilings and doors. 2. The ease with which it may be demolished. 3. The availability of internal lines of communications and the effort required to breach exterior walls. 4. The time, effort, and material required to use the building. 5. Potential fire hazard. |
Table G-18. Building construction checklist (continued).
Are civil defense plans in place and accessible? |
What is the organization of the civil defense agency? |
Who are the key personnel in the civil defense? |
What facilities are available for civil defense?
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What are the warning and alert procedures? |
What are the evacuation routes and capacities? |
Table G-19. Civil defense checklist.
Has the enemy fought in an urban area? |
What is the enemy experience in an urban environment?
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What is the enemy center of gravity in urban warfare? |
What is the enemy's critical vulnerability? |
What is the enemy sniper capability?
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Does the enemy possess mechanized assets? How do they intend to employ mech.? |
Will they attack or defend? |
How will they fight? (attrit, destroy, clear, and so forth). |
Will the enemy use the local populace? Will the local populace cooperate? |
Where will they employ crew-served weapons from? |
Does the enemy have indirect fire support? |
Are there mines and booby traps in the urban area? |
How large of a force can the enemy deploy? |
How will they reinforce? |
Table G-20. Conventional military threat checklist.
Why does the organization exist? |
What is their political ideology? |
How many members are in the organization? |
Are they a threat to US forces? To local government forces? To police? |
Identification features.
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Table G-21. Paramilitary threat checklist.
What external groups are they involved with? |
Who do they fight for? |
What do they fight for? |
Who are their leaders? |
How can we recognize them? |
Is the group demanding anything? |
How do they operate? |
What is their command and control? |
Are they fighting against any certain group? |
Where is the organization's headquarters? |
Do they have allies? (who) |
Do security forces support them? |
What types of weapons do they employ? |
What do they use for transportation? |
Where do they fight? |
What tactics do they employ? |
How are the forces organized? |
What type of weapons technology do they have access to? |
How are they trained? |
How well are they trained? |
Describe their weapons.
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Table G-21. Paramilitary threat checklist (continued).
What group/subgroup does the insurgent identify with? |
What political ideology is the insurgency supporting? |
What issues is/are driving the insurgency? |
What is the desired result of the insurgency? |
What allows the insurgents to sustain the conflict? (support?) |
Who are the leaders? |
Describe the command and control. |
How do they recruit supporters? |
What is the reaction of the genuine opposition? |
Is the opposition a one-party state? |
What type of governmental rule is established? |
What fighting strategy and tactics do they employ? |
What kind of military capabilities do they have? |
Table G-22. Insurgent threat checklist.
What is the crime rate within the urban area? By section? |
What criminal organizations are known to be in the urban area?
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What activities are criminal organizations involved in?
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What are the structure and organization of criminal organizations? |
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What are the territorial divisions? |
What weapons and equipment do the criminal organizations possess? |
What are the management and organization of law enforcement agencies?
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What are their essential chemicals and where/how are they acquired/ produced?
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Describe any prior civilian riot activity. |
Does the population own/carry any weapons on a large scale? |
Table G-23. Crime threat checklist.
What are the units in the urban area?
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What are the weapons and equipment?
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What units can reinforce within 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours?
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What are their logistics capabilities? |
What tactics, techniques and procedures does the enemy employ in an urban environment? |
Will the enemy use the locals to blend in? |
How does the enemy use snipers? |
How does the enemy use mech.? |
How does the enemy use indirect fires? |
What area of the city does the enemy control? Occupy? Influence? |
Where are the hardened defensive sites within the urban area? |
What weapons systems and artillery can deliver fire within the urban area? |
Where are the obstacles other then those of natural structure and part of the construction? |
Where are the mined areas? |
Are there any forces in the urban area that might fight with the enemy?
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Table G-24. Ground order of battle checklist.
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