Iraq Survey Group Final Report
Nuclear
Nuclear | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Key Findings | 1 | |||
Evolution of the Nuclear Weapons Program | 3 | |||
The Regime and WMD Timeline | 3 | |||
The Early Years: Ambition | 3 | |||
Decline (1991-96) | 4 | |||
Recovery and Transition (1996-2002) | 5 | |||
Miscalculation (2002-2003) | 6 | |||
Results of ISG's Investigation on Nuclear Issues | 7 | |||
Investigation Into Uranium Pursuits and Indigenous Production Capabilities | 9 | |||
Foreign Pursuits | 9 | |||
Indigenous Production Capabilities | 11 | |||
Iraq's Known Uranium Holdings | 13 | |||
Iraqi Uranium Conversion Program | 15 | |||
Aluminum Tube Investigation | 21 | |||
Elements of ISG Investigation | 21 | |||
Purported High-Level Interest in Aluminum Tubes | 22 | |||
Possible Association of Iraqi Nuclear Entities With the Tubes | 22 | |||
Tube Characteristics and Shipping Requirements | 23 | |||
Indigenous Tube Manufacture-A Possible Sign Baghdad Did Not Need High-Specification Tubes | 27 | |||
Iraqi Interest in 84-mm Tubes | 30 | |||
Carbon Fiber | 30 | |||
Carbon Fiber and Iraq's Pre-1991 Gas Centrifuge Program | 30 | |||
Iraqi Concealment of Carbon Fiber-Related Activity, Materials, and Documents After Operation Desert Storm | 31 | |||
The MIC Carbon Fiber Project in 2001/2002 | 32 | |||
Flow-Forming Machinery | 33 | |||
Planned Magnet Production Lines at Al Tahadi | 34 | |||
Procurement Details | 36 | |||
Rotating Machinery Department | 36 | |||
Investigation of Potential Centrifuge-Related Facilities | 38 | |||
Support Facilities | 38 | |||
Ash Shaykhili Storage Facility | 39 | |||
Al Karama State Company | 39 | |||
Al-Wazeriya Site | 39 | |||
Khadimiyah Site (Ibn Al-Haytham Missile R&D Center) | 39 | |||
Al Samud Factory (Abu Ghurayb Missile Facility) | 39 | |||
Badr and Umm Al-Marik State Companies (Khan Azad Military Production Plant) | 39 | |||
Al-Tahadi State Company | 40 | |||
Salah Al Din State Company (Samarra Electronics Plant) | 40 | |||
Al-Nida State Company | 40 | |||
Rashid State Company's Tho Al-Fiqar Factory (formerly the Nassr State Establishment Mechanical Plant) | 40 | |||
Ur State Company (An-Nasiriyah Aluminum Fabrication Plant) | 40 | |||
Uranium Enrichment-EMIS | 42 | |||
Electromagnetic Isotope Separation (EMIS) | 42 | |||
Facilities | 42 | |||
Al Safa'a EMIS Plant at Tarmiya | 42 | |||
Al Fajr EMIS Plant at Ash Sharqat | 45 | |||
Al-Jazira (Mosul Feed Materials Production Facility) | 45 | |||
Al-Zawra State Company | 45 | |||
Al-Nida State Company (Zaafaraniya Mechanical Workshop Al-Rabiyah) | 45 | |||
Al-Radwan (Batra Military Production Facility) | 47 | |||
Al-Nassr Al-Adhim State Company | 47 | |||
Disposition of EMIS-Related Equipment | 47 | |||
Laser Research in Iraq | 50 | |||
Laser Related Work After Operation Desert Storm | 50 | |||
Current Status and Future Potential | 51 | |||
Iraq's Pre-1991 LIS Efforts | 51 | |||
Rail Gun Summary | 52 | |||
Rail Gun Efforts | 52 | |||
Issues Related to NuclearWeapons Design and Development | 59 | |||
Casting Technology | 59 | |||
Explosive and Lens Fabrication Capabilities | 59 | |||
High-Speed Switches | 60 | |||
Fireset Development and Testing | 60 | |||
Neutron Generators | 60 | |||
Migration of the Capabilities From the PC-3 Nuclear Weapons Project | 61 | |||
IAEC Modernization | 66 | |||
Interest in the IAEC and Intervention by Saddam Husayn | 66 | |||
Increased Funding and Publicity of IAEC Activities | 67 | |||
Infrastructure Improvements at the IAEC: The Modernization Project | 67 | |||
Perceptions the Regime Was Preparing for Reconstitution of the Nuclear Program | 69 | |||
IAEC Work on Neutron Generators | 69 | |||
University Programs | 70 | |||
Hidden Enrichment Technology | 73 | |||
Survey of Structures at Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center | 75 | |||
Annexes | ||||
A. Definitions Used by Teams During Survey | 81 | |||
B. Team Results | 83 | |||
C. Analysis of the Videotapes Compiled From Video Recce Mission 5/6 November 2003 | 91 | |||
D. Results of Mission Survey of Tuwaitha Nuclear ComplexOver the Period 20-22 November | 107 | |||
E. Summary of Known UN-Tagged Equipment | 113 | |||
F. Photography Highlights: Tuwaitha Mission, 20-22 November 2003 | 117 | |||
G. Tuwaitha Maps, Buildings, and Numbers | 127 |
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