Signal Troops - Cold War
In the first post-war years, the Signal Corps paid much attention to the development and implementation of new principles for organizing communications for operational formations and combined arms formations based on the richest experience of the Great Patriotic War, as well as the development and justification of operational and tactical requirements for new means and communication complexes capable of providing command and control of troops in the new conditions of warfare.
Marshal I. T. Peresypkin at the end of 1944 set the task of starting work on the preparation of the first post-war armament system for military communications. At the end of the 1940s and in the 1950s, the troops began to receive new communications systems with qualitatively new tactical and technical characteristics.
Shortwave automobile radio stations were created for the radio networks of the General Staff, for front-line, for army (corps) radio networks, as well as for divisional networks and a tank radio station. Portable ultra-shortwave radio stations were created, which provided searchless and non-tuning communications at the tactical control level. At the same time, technical means were created for a fundamentally new type of communication for the Soviet Army - radio relay communication (multichannel station R-400 and low-channel R-401), as well as frequency multiplexing and channeling complexes, qualitatively new samples of telephone and telegraph equipment, switching devices , several types of field communication cables.
Equipping troops with radio relay stations was a qualitatively new stage in the development of communication systems for operational formations and combined arms formations, increased their reliability, survivability and noise immunity, and also improved a number of other indicators. The introduction of new equipment into the troops required a revision of the organizational and technical structure of communication centers. On the basis of the use of new means of communication, standard complexes of automobile equipment rooms were created for the formation of mobile field communication centers for various control points.
In the second half of the 1950s, the rapid development of nuclear missile weapons and the qualitative improvement of other means of armed struggle began, which led to significant changes in the structure of the Armed Forces. These circumstances, in turn, necessitated the development of new methods of command and control of troops and weapons.
The period of the 60s, in general, is characterized by the beginning of practical work on the creation of automated command and control complexes for troops and weapons (anti-aircraft, artillery and missile troops) and design work in the field of automation of command and control of the Armed Forces.
Increased requirements for systems and communication channels began to appear in terms of their stability, noise immunity, secrecy and timeliness in the transmission of information. Signal troops successfully solved these complex new tasks. With the resignation in 1957 of the marshal of the signal troops I. T. Peresypkin, the signal troops began to be led by A. I. Leonov (since 1961 the marshal of the signal troops). Under his leadership, work continued to improve the structure of troops and create new means of communication. The introduction of new HF and VHF single-band radio stations of high and medium power significantly increased the quality characteristics of radio communication channels in the operational and operational-tactical levels of command and control.
The next stage in the development of the communications troops since 1970 is associated with the activities of A. I. Belov (in 1973 he was awarded the military rank of marshal of the communications troops).Radio relay communication was further developed . Means were created for a new type of communication - tropospheric communication, which made it possible to provide high-quality multi-channel communication directly between control points at a distance of up to 150-250 km from each other (without relaying).
In the 1960s, the first practical work on the creation of satellite communication lines was launched. Complexes of unified compaction and channeling equipment common for cable, radio relay and tropospheric communication lines, new means of telephone, telegraph and facsimile equipment, data transmission equipment and complexes of equipment for classifying information for various purposes were created.
Based on the use of a new generation of various communication equipment, a new generation of hardware field communication centers was created, as well as several types of command and staff vehicles (CSV) on an automobile and armored transport base for commanders of motorized rifle (tank) regiments and battalions. Corresponding clarifications were also made to the organizational structure of the signal troops and to the system of training highly qualified command and engineering personnel.
In the early 1970s, on his initiative, a system of routine maintenance and controlled operation of communications equipment was developed and introduced into the troops. Energetic measures were taken to solve the problem of managing the communication system itself and its elements. It should be noted that the industry at that time did not produce technical means for equipping communication control points. In this regard, 16 TsNIIIS MO was instructed to promptly develop and manufacture non-standard complex equipment for communication control points.
Measures were taken to develop comprehensive research in scientific organizations of the Ministry of Defense and industry to substantiate the conceptual issues of the creation and functioning of a promising automated communication system of the Armed Forces. Based on the results of these studies, a special resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1980 created a large cooperation between industrial organizations and the Research and Development Organization of the Ministry of Defense, and work was launched to develop the Unified Automated Communications System of the Armed Forces (JASS Armed Forces) and create complexes of technical means for it.
To ensure the functioning of the automated control systems being developed for the Armed Forces, troops and weapons, special data transmission systems were created. The creation of automated control systems caused a significant increase in the requirements for the technical characteristics of communication facilities and the communication system as a whole. In this regard, attention was constantly paid to the creation of new generations of basic communication facilities for general use and the modernization of some existing facilities.
In the late 1980s, to ensure reliable radio communications at the tactical level, an automated complex of HF-VHF radio stations R-163 (12 types) was created. At the end of the 1990s, to replace it, the troops received a perfect complex of noise-immune tactical radio communications R-168 (17 types). New promising radio relay stations for multi-channel and few-channel communications were created, including the first domestic RRS of the millimeter range, as well as new effective means of tropospheric communication.
During the many years of leadership of the Signal Troops of the Armed Forces (1970-1987), Marshal A. I. Belov managed to radically transform the Signal Troops into a coherent system that allowed the leadership in real time to bring decisions and orders for the combat use of troops and forces, ensured continuous, operational and sustainable command and control of the Armed Forces.
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