Project 58 Grozny
Kynda class
Guided Missile Cruiser
Project 58 Grozny / Kynda class - Design
The project for a destroyer with guided rocket weapon (since then called anti-ship cruise missiles) of a new generation was developed in accordance with the Council of Ministers on August 25, 1956. On 06 December the same year the Navy Commander Admiral SG Gorshkov approved consistent with Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry [Minsudproma] tactical and technical requirements (TTZ) in the preliminary design of the new destroyer. But a little bit earlier - (16 and 24 October), the Deputy Commander of the Navy agreed with Minsudproma [Shipbuilding], Minaviaproma [Aviation], Mipoboronpromom [Defense Industry] and Minobschemashem [ General Machine Building, ie, rockets] on the TTZ on the development of complex anti-aircraft guided rocket weapon short-range (later the complex M-1 "Wave") and "stroke" (the term came much later - in the early 1970s) rocket weapon (later - P-35). Thus, the development of the project, got the number 58, it was carried out almost simultaneously with the development of the main armament.
Designing the ship was assigned to the Leningrad CDB-53. The chief designer was V.A.Nikitin, a monitoring group was headed by Navy engineer Captain 2nd Rank P.Khokhlov. The draft Project 58 was developed in mid-1957, and in September, the Office of the Navy Shipbuilding issued an order to have the technical design of the project completed in March 1958.
The head destroyer, which received the name "Terrible", was laid at the Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant imeni Zhdanov on February 23, 1960. The descent of the ship on the water came on March 26, 1961, and in June 1962 he was presented to the state testing committee, chaired by Vice-Admiral NI Shibaeva.
In the course of construction an effort was made to determine the final classification of the ship, which in official documents was called "the ship with missile weapons." Apparently this was affected by the original views of the country's leadership [Khrushchev] to the role of surface ships on the one hand, on the other - the fear of traditional terms - a cruiser, a destroyer, and so on. The situation cleared up in the beginning of the 1960s, and the new ship was steadily ranked as class cruisers, subclass "missile cruiser", referring to the ship's rank. Previous destroyers resembled the head ship, so CU-5 for the cruiser had only one division instead of relying on three, and instead of the second and third - kept the rank on destroyers, Ships of II rank. Note that the accepted classification of "cruiser" did not reflect the traditional design principles ships of this class, and in fact Project 58 structurally continued development of the destroyers, however, several had larger displacement.
Designing a new ship presented considerable difficulties related not only to the placement of constantly changing requirements in the process of designing their tactical and technical characteristics (TTX) for weapons systems, but also with their amalgamation into a single integrated system ("ship-arms"). This included numerous radio "products". For the prototype, theoretical drawing of the selected development view of Project 56, held a thorough and comprehensive "run-in" of theory and practice. As a result of the testing of the theoretical drawings, Project 58 did not present any difficulties at the stage of conceptual design. However, the model tests in TsAGI and CRI-45 in the regular agitation demanded better bow design contours. Thus it obtained the best results in all passages in reducing wave sweeping especially spatter than on ships of Project 56.
For then composition, the architecture formed a long forecastle and a slight rise in the stem. The hull gathered along the longitudinal system and watertight bulkheads divided it into 17 compartments. This "unsinkable" ship was provided with the flooding of any three adjacent compartments, but there were areas where the ship is able to withstand flooding of four adjacent compartments.
The material used low-alloy steel body of the brand SKHL-4. Add-ins, mostly carried out from an aluminum-magnesium alloy grades AMG-5B and AMG-6T, were used only the front wall of the bow and back of the aft superstructure, two tiers of the foremast, tower suit mainmast and reinforcements under the antenna posts radar. It should be noted that, despite the widespread use of AMG alloys (excluding add-ons past also used to light the bulkhead areas, decks, porches, mines and so on CIE. D.), proven design rules were reliable methods of calculations and strength.
Fears of a low fire resistance of structures made of AMG were expressed at the design stage, but of practical steps were taken in response. The technical design initially worked ballistic protection cellars for missiles, but it was rejected "for reasons of economy of scale", for the same reasons which led to widespread use of AMG. Particular attention in the design was given to rigid discipline of weight and load masses.
The difference between the total arrangement of ships previously built consisted of the following: the arrangement of the complex of the main control center (PCC) in the hull, the lack of open battle stations and the presence of passages to them without departing from the upper deck, and a relatively small number of add-ons. Th architecture attracted attention with the imposing, unusual, pyramidal foremast and mainmast, which determined the appearance of many domestic warships in subsequent projects. The design of the masts was dictated by the need to obtain the necessary volume to accommodate the radar, as well as to ensure strict reinforcement of a large number of antenna assemblies of the numerous radio equipment, to better meet the requirements of anti-nuclear (PAZ) and anti-gas (PCP) protection, the resistance to shock waves, and better protection of water washability.
Main propulsion (GEM) of the ship was a further development of boiler turbine plants of ships of previous projects with the USSR's first naval power fundamentally new boiler complex, consisting of a high-pressure automated boiler to blow air into the furnace from the turbine unit and control system.
However, to achieve the desired full speed (34 knots) needed as the principal forcing turbo-machinery units and boilers, while maintaining tight weight requirements with discipline and efficiency. In addition, special requirements were put forward for protection from weapons of mass destruction, and to reduce levels of physical fields, in particular, thermal fields. As turbines, Project 58 units selected TV-12, which differed from previous higher capacity of 45 000 liters, and large specific mass (2% - 4%) in the same space efficiency. This was achieved by increasing the contact stress in gear teeth of the wheels, increasing the vacuum in the main condenser and increased flow rate of cooling water therein, as well as through the use of new materials and a number of structural measures.
Application of boiler OIO-95/64 doubled the voltage of the furnace volume and 25% greater power without increasing its weight and raise efficiency at full speed by 10% compared with the previously used boiler KV-76. Furthermore, it had significantly (by 60%) lower the temperature of the exhaust gases. A natural consequence of these measures was the deterioration of the economy in the installation of small and medium speeds. In the process of installing, it became clear that power can be brought up to 50,000 liters from on one shaft. In general, the boiler and turbine installation Project 58, consisting of four boilers and two GTZA, had the following basic characteristics at maximum load:
- boiler steam capacity - 95 t / h;
- working steam pressure - 64 kg / cm2;
- Superheated steam temperature - 470 ° C;
- rotational speed of the propeller shaft for HRP - 300 rev / min;
- fuel consumption on PX - 329 g / l. from. h (845 kg / mile).
To provide ferry parking modes and to prepare for the campaign, there was provided an auxiliary boiler capacity of up to 7 t / h. The electric power system of the ship accepted a three-phase AC voltage of 380 V. The main sources of electricity used two turbine generator TH-750 with a capacity of 750 kW and two diesel generators DG-500, 500 kW, located in the two plants. This ensured parallel operation of generators and diesel generators, both among themselves and power plants. Thus, special parking generators were not provided and the work mechanisms in these modes provide one of the turbo-generators with steam extraction from an auxiliary boiler.
Decisions on the ship repeated in projects of previous destroyers, adjusted due to the increase in displacement. For example, the dimensions of the rudder stabilizers in Project 58 was increased to 3.2 meters instead of 2 x 2.6 x 2.15 meters on Project 57 bis.
Approved staff provided that the crew would consist of 27 officers, 29 warrant officers and Sergeant-Major and 283 sailors and petty officers conscripts. Habitability for personnel, compared with earlier projects, was several improved by selection (for the first time on Soviet ships) of a dining room, provides accommodation for 2/3 sergeants and sailors. In the dining room, except for meals, there wereheld cultural events - film screenings, lectures, meetings and so on. In combat conditions, the dining unfolded an operating station.
The big "achievement" in the field of habitability, as it was believed, was the widespread use of sewing, insulation, all kinds of veneers are made of AMG, laminates and even birch plywood. There is no need to prove that such a solution in practice manifested itself with the worst hand, but this statement took the death of BOD "Brave" EM "Sheffield", fires and disasters in the ships of Soviet and foreign fleets.
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