Project 50 "Ermine" / Riga - Origins
Despite all the positive results obtained during the tests, the first post-war Russian ASR Project 42 was built in a limited series, and on the personal instructions of I.V. Stalin, the development of the TTZ for a new patrol ship with a total displacement of 1200 tons of project 50 began.
The Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics obliged the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry and the Naval Ministry to develop the project 50 of the new TFR and build the lead ship for this in the following terms:
- a) to complete the development of a preliminary design in September and submit it in October 1950 to the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
- b) complete the development of a technical project in February and submit it in March 1951 to the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
- c) to begin the construction of the lead ship in the II quarter of 1951 and present it for state tests in the III quarter of 1952.
All work was entrusted to TsKB-820. In July-August 1950, various technical issues were agreed upon, which would make it possible to obtain the specified displacement and the necessary qualities of the ship. However, in the given sizes, it was not possible to fully comply with the wind resistance requirements. Studies have shown that with a linear arrangement of power plants it is possible to provide displacement at a given level. During the study, a combined scheme of two machine-boiler plants was considered. For it, boilers with blasting in furnaces of the type KVG-57/28 were created in SKBK. The boilers were with natural circulation, vertical, with a developed radiation surface, a one-way flue gas duct, two-front heating. The temperature of superheated steam was accepted as moderate (3700°C), and the working pressure was up to 28 kg / sq. Cm. A new design of the ship's boiler was the basis for the creation of highly accelerated small-sized boilers for all classes of surface warships of the post-war construction. The most important task of the subsequent high forcing of the furnace with a three-fold increase in its heat load was solved. After numerous disputes, the linear arrangement of the power plant was adopted.
Options with weapons that were very different from project 42 were also considered . So it was supposed to replace two B-34USM nose systems with one twin closed-type installation with the same 100 mm guns as in the B-34USM. The development of such an installation was then conducted in OKB-172. Attempts were also made to replace the MBU-200 with the MBU-600 and the 37-mm machine guns with 25 mm. Still, the composition of the ship’s armament differed from Project 42 only in the decrease in the number of B-34USM installations from 4 to 3, the number of torpedo tubes from 3 to 2, and the reduction of artillery ammunition by 15%.
The preliminary design was completed by the Leningrad branch of TsKB-820 on time. In the process of its consideration by the Minister of Defense of the Naval Minister, Admiral A.G. Golovko approved the proposal to replace 4 BMB-1 with 4 BMB-2. The standard displacement obtained in the preliminary design amounted to 1059 tons. In the technical project, the standard displacement increased to 1,068 tons. During the review of the technical project presented by the kit and on time, it turned out that it was impossible to ensure storage and use of ammunition loaded with TGA on the ship in strict accordance with current instructions. Due to the additional volume on the ship, even with the existing standard displacement, it became possible to take almost twice as much fuel (with the largest displacement) and bring the cruising range to almost 2000 miles. The presence of only a two-tube torpedo tube instead of a traditional three-tube one was constantly criticized. Finally, upon the approval of the technical project, it was decided to oblige the SKB-700 SME, on the order of MTU Navy, to develop in 1951 a technical design for a three-tube torpedo tube for shipspr . 50 . Subsequently, these devices were developed and installed on the ships of this project.
At the beginning, D.I.Zhukovsky, then V.I.Neganov, was the chief designer of SKR pr.50 , and B.I.Kupensky at the final stage since the end of 1953, and 1st rank captain V.S. Avdeev was observing from the Navy.
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