Project 30bis 'Skoryy' - Design
According to the technical project, the destroyers "30-bis" had a standard displacement of 2351 tons, 2726 tons of normal and total 3101 tons; principal dimensions (most / at KVL): length of 120.5 / 116 m, width 12.11 m, draft 3.86 m high (at a rate of displacement) and 4.25 m - the highest. Speed equal to: full 36.6 kt, feasibility 15.7 ties and operational and economic - 19 knots. Cruising range, respectively, equal to 1000, 3660 and 3600 miles.
The composition of airborne weapons and weapons were 2X2-130 / 50 mm / cal, deck-tower artillery gun mount "B-2-LM" (with ammunition 150 rounds on the barrel); 2X2-85 / 52 mm / cal, tower gun mount, "92-K" (ammo - 300 rounds on the barrel) and 7X1-37 / 63 mm / cal deck automatic anti-aircraft installations, "70-K". Since 1951 destroyers pr. 30 bis instead were the last armed with new anti-aircraft machine guns of the same caliber, "B-11". Ammunition consisted of 1 200 rounds on the barrel. Torpedo armament consisted of two decked suggestive five-funnel torpedo tubes 53 cm such as SHA-53-s0-bis "(ammunition - 10 torpedoes) and putts system" Mina-30 bis ".
Antisubmarine armament was provided by two mortars type" BMB-1 "or" BMB-2 "and two aft release gear with ammunition more depth and small depth charges - respectively 22 and 52 pc in leregruz destroyers could take and mines fence:. 52 pieces of type." KB "(" CB-CRAB " ...) or 60 units of type "M-26" As in EM, Pr. 30-k, provided radio engineering armament: aerial targets detection radar "Gyuis-1M" (at prospect 30-to - "Gyuis-1B"). radar detection of surface targets "Reef-1", artillery radar "Redan" (for main battery) and "Vimpel-2" (for the anti-aircraft fire). As a navigation radar it used station "Eye-1".
It should be noted that in general, artillery (UE "B-2-LM" AU "70-K") and anti-money EM pr. 30 bis at the time of entry of the ship into service was technically outdated and started to not quite to fulfill the requirements. But due to the installation of new radar stations to detect and-fire combat capabilities of these ships was increased. A relatively new CEO "Tamir-5H" was used. Destroyers crew consisted of 286 people, including officers.
It should be borne in mind that this first time to build a "fully welded" ships and thus applied new technological methods of construction. The main process was characterized by the features in the construction of the EM pr. 30 bis, steel lofting operation, processing metal casing, as well as assembly and welding of ship's hull on the stocks and outfitting work. For example, in the construction of technologically advanced hull; assembly and welding sections performed in the assembly (cabinet) shop in special "beds", and then transported to the stacker section workshop, which produced a mounting assembly and body weld for a given technology. . If, however, to characterize the amount of welding work on the hull of the destroyer, Pr. 30 bis, it is necessary to point out that only the "length" of welds at such a facility was approximately 16,000 m; Welding one such ship required approximately 17 tons of welding electrodes, and the electric power consumption for the welding in this hull was approximately 150 thousand. kWh.
However, there were revealed at the same time some significant drawbacks, mainly to impose restrictions on the use of the ship's weapons in conditions of high travel speeds. It was found that, despite the fact that for better ship operation, on the "Bold" ( compared with destroyers pr. 7, at 7 and 30) the height of the deck was raised, made sheer forecastle in the upper deck in the aft end, and installed on the forecastle breakwater. But all this provided insufficient seaworthiness. At high speeds running against waves (since the sea state 4 points) marked a strong splashing nasal group machines, making it impossible to use a nasal anti-aircraft machine number 1, as well as complicating the work of staff on automatic number 2 and 3. If the ship on a collision course exchange rate against the corners of the 5-point counter-waves and ground speed in excess of 18 shooting from the bow ties of the tower of the main fire was not possible due to ingress of water in the barrels of the guns.
The artillery turret plant design "B-2-LM" and "92-K" (respectively, 130- and 85-mm caliber) with splashing did not provide their waterproofing on the run of the ship against the waves at 4-5-point sea state, and it reduced the combat capabilities of the destroyer. Because of wave sweeping turbofan boiler at such excitement, "Brave" could not develop a speed of more than 28 ties, although measured mile against a small wave of his speed reached a value of more than 35 kt! It was also noted that the displacement of destroyers, smaller than "normal displacement", the ship became the rolls, ie is stable enough. In addition, at full speed and the diameter of the circulation reach very high values - 8.5 the length of the hull, which exceeded the required characteristics. Most of these are observations and deficiencies was confirmed during the extended sea trials of another destroyer, Pr. 30-bis "Distinct" held in the autumn of 1951 in the Barents sea.
However, on the hull, as opposed to the "Bold", was welded on the two side of the keel with a total area of 28 m2, as they say - " passive type pitching Stabilizers". Advanced seaworthiness tests were conducted for the first time on ships of this project. They set out to more fully examine the behavior of the test object first "calm water", and then on a rampage, with a gradual increase in the last from 3-4 to 6 points and above. It also checked flooding of the destroyer, its propulsion and control, windproof battle stations, as well as the rolling behavior. In the opinion of our experts at the time, these tests "helped to gather valuable materials not only about pitching ship pr. 30 bis (in particular, they have given a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the side keels, which when set to" clearly "in the drift, sea wave, provided Moderate pitching to 35%), but also served as a great scientific and practical groundwork for the further design of the ships of this class.
The composition and layout, placement GEU and auxiliaries were nearly the same as in EM pr. 30. Location and boiler rooms and engine rooms was in echelon: two forward boilers - one machine department; two boiler feed - one (fodder) engine room. The main steam boilers KV-30 mounted on these EM refers to the type of water-tube boilers. They had a radiation-convective heating surface and air heaters with fan air blowing in the boiler section. The parameters of steam for superheaters boilers KV-30 were as follows: at the operational and economic course of 28 atm and 325SS respectively on the feasibility move - pressure 28 bar, temperature 310 ° C. as the main destroyers turbozubchatyh aggregates ave. 30 bis, as in EM pr. 30-k, applied GTZA type TV-6. They developed the power to move forward up to 60 000 liters from (motor power full speed ahead of 30 thousand liters with each such unit) and astern - 15 thousand liters.
For transmission to the propeller torque provides two propeller shaft lines. It should be noted that there were almost no new means to fight the fire in comparison with EM pr. 30-a and 30 destroyers such as "Bold" (Prov. 30 bis). Thus, water fire-pressure line is practically no different from peers, applied not only to ships such as "Firing" (Prov. 30) and "Impressive" (Prov. 30-A), but, according to experts, constructive was done even worse than the old ships. The pressure remained the same, and Connecting fittings fire horns instead of "two-inch diameter" was even worse done than on older ships. A matter of concern and the fact that mounted on these destroyers gas fire extinguishing system with special carbon-dioxide plants have not improved modified design installation in practice caused more complaints from personnel than the old.
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