Project 22350 Admiral Sergei Gorshkov - Design
Different sources initially gave different displacement values for this project: some reported 4,000-4,500 tons, while others give 8,000 tons. At least one source reports dimensions of a 132 meter length and a beam of 16 meters [consistent with the reported 4,000-4,500 ton displacement], while another suggested a beam of 20-21 meters [more consistent with a displacement of 8,000 tons].
The larger dimensions are implausible. The Russian Navy needed new frigates to replace the dwindling Krivaks if it is to maintain the existing force level of about a dozen frigates. It does not need new destroyer-class vessels to replace the Udaloy or Sovremenny, since the existing inventory of those vessels is adequate to maintain existing force levels past the year 2020.
The need for the development and construction of new frigates was due to the fact that in the mid-2000s the Navy was short of upgrading the ship's structure. The average age of the surface ships was about 20 years old, at the same time being the different types of combat units of the same class caused great problems in the supply and repair - for example, at the time of the Russian fleet consisted of eight patrol ships seven different projects.
The authoritative Russian publication Military Parade reported that these ships will feature a displacement of about 4,500 tons, a length of over 130 m, a maximum width of 16 m, a range of over 4,000 miles, and an unlimited sea-going ability. The frigate will be armed with eight Oniks antiship missiles, the A-192 130mm gun mount, the Medvedka-2 antisubmarine missile system, the Uragan medium-range AD missile system, and a hangar-parked Ka-27 or Ka-28 helicopter. Anti-submarine opponent provide up to 8 missiles PLO 91RTE2 (by reducing the ammunition drum missile complex "Caliber-NCE"), as well as small anti-torpedo complex "Bag-E / NK".
Electronic weapons represented radar detection of air and surface targets "Fregat-M2EM" lighting the far surface situation "Mineral-ME" sonar system "," Zarya-ME-03 "GAS" Vignette-EM ", opto-electronic complex lighting conditions MTC -201ME. Integrated work of all combat and radio electronic facilities of the ship provides CICS "Sigma-E22356." Optoelectronic complex lighting conditions MTC-201ME. Electronic surveillance and repression of the complex of the RAP TC-25E and decoy CT-308-05.
This list of weapons is almost identical to the weapons reported to be carried on the much smaller 1,900 ton Project 20380 Stereguschy corvette. For small patrol ships of class "corvette" with a displacement of 1,000 to 3,000 tons MNIIRE "Altair" created Promising small system that is based on the reduced configuration SAM "Rif-M 'using only anti-aircraft missiles 9M96E active homing and on-board inertial guidance system, which have high performance necessary for the purposes of interception of modern and high probability of hit air targets.
Universal shipboard firing system 3S14U1 (UKSK) makes multi-purpose warship, and its combat assignment will be to change based on the simple replacement of ammunition, a different type of missiles. New air defense missile system type "Rif-M" (sometimes referred to in the press as "poliment-Redoute"), will be unified with the maximum is developing a mobile land complex "Vityaz". A new radar is installed on the ship with fourphased array antenna.
The most technologically advanced and sophisticated armament of the frigate is the Poliment-Redut long-range air defense system. This shipborne anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) with a vertical launch facility can use missiles of different types. According to data from open sources, the air defense system is capable of using missiles with a maximum range of destruction of air targets up to 150 km. They are able to intercept targets at a speed of 4800-5000 m / s and at altitudes up to 35 km.
As for armament, the main caliber is the well-known and already repeatedly successfully tested by Syria the Kalibr-NK strike missile system. At the same time, the placed 16 universal launchers 3S14 are suitable for using both the Onyx supersonic missiles and the promising Zircon hypersonic cruise missiles developed by the Reutov NPO Mashinostroyenia. It was reported that at the beginning of 2020 the frigate Admiral Gorshkov was the first of the ships in the fleet to use the Zircon, firing it from the Barents Sea at a coastal target at a distance of more than 500 km.
The only Russian combat ship that could feature the BrahMos missiles is the Project 22350 frigate Admiral Sergei Gorshkov being built at the Severnaya Verf shipyard in St. Petersburg. In 1998, Russia and India established the BrahMos Aerospace joint venture to design, develop, produce and market a supersonic cruise missile. The BrahMos missile, named after India's Brahmaputra River and Russia's Moskva River, has a range of 180 miles (290 km) and can carry a conventional warhead of up to 660 pounds. It can hit ground and sea targets while flying at an altitude as low as 10 meters (30 feet) and at a speed of Mach 2.8, which is about three times faster than the US-made subsonic Tomahawk cruise missile.
Despite the fact that talking about the large ships of the Russian Navy today probably premature, it should be noted that on the basis of SAM "Rif-M", which has become more sophisticated modification of C-300F (ship version of "land" S-300P) MNIIRE "Altair" is developing an integrated system of air defense weapon systems, intended for installation on ships class "cruiser" and "destroyer". This complex is designed for defense orders ships and their compounds from simultaneous raid of current and future air threats. It provides simultaneous bombardment 6-8 targets and guidance to them of 12-16 missiles at a range of 120 km.
The frigate has a Paket-NK anti-submarine torpedo system, an A-192M artillery mount of 130 mm caliber (firing range - up to 22 km, rate of fire - 30 rounds per minute). Also on the ship can be based a Ka-27 helicopter of various modifications, depending on the combat missions. It was reported that its place could be taken by the newest naval helicopter Lamprey, which is being developed by the Russian Helicopters holding.
The main power plant of the ship is a diesel-gas turbine (two afterburner gas turbine engines with a capacity of 27.5 thousand horsepower each and two cruise diesel engines with a capacity of 5.2 thousand hp).
The main propulsion system on the new frigates was represented by two M90FR gas turbien engines with a total capacity of 55 thousand liters. with. The engines are the result of the joint work of the Russian NPO Saturn and the Ukrainian NPP Zorya-Mashproekt. Gas turbines are engines of the 4th generation and are able to provide ships with high speed and performance characteristics. The maximum speed of the vessel in the forced mode of operation of the power plant is 29 knots.
The first and second frigates of Project 22350 - "Admiral Gorshkov" and "Admiral Kasatonov" - are equipped with Russian diesel engines, but gas turbine units manufactured by the Ukrainian enterprise "Zorya-Mashproekt" are used as afterburners. In 2014, cooperation with this company was terminated, which led to problems with the completion of work on the rest of the frigates of the project. Production and delivery of diesel-gas turbine units for the rest of the serial ships is carried out by PJSC "UEC-Saturn" in the Yaroslavl region.
Domestic M55R diesel/gas turbine power units produced for warships outshine foreign rivals by their operational characteristics and reliability, Deputy CEO of Russia’s United Engine Corporation (part of the state tech corporation Rostec) Viktor Polyakov said on 24 November 2020. "The domestic power units are better by their characteristics than imported systems. Also, considering the current ruble rate, our power units are considerably cheaper than foreign rivals. They have the potential for upgrade and power increase," the deputy chief executive said. The M55R power plant has the potential for upgrade. In particular, it features the option of boosting its power to 25MW (currently 20.2 MW), he specified. The M55R diesel/gas turbine power unit is designed for Project 22350 multi-purpose frigates like the Admiral Gorshkov. The power plant for one warship consists of two such power units. The first power unit was dispatched to the Severnaya Shipyard in St. Petersburg in November 2020. The second power unit was set for delivery in early December 2020.
The superstructure of the frigate is made of composite materials, due to which the radioacoustic background of the vessel is significantly reduced. The physical fields of the new ship are minimized. Technology "stealth", applicable in the design of the ship makes it unobtrusive to the radar ships of the potential enemy. The survivability of the vessel is provided by a double bottom, which is available for 70% of the hull and a universal fire extinguishing system.
Frigates of project 22350 with enhanced weapons in the near future will become one of the most powerful ships of the Russian Navy. The fleet of surface ships comparable in terms of strike weapons today includes the 1144 Peter the Great heavy nuclear missile cruiser with 20 Granit anti-ship supersonic missiles and the 1164 cruiser with 16 cruise missiles each.
The new frigates laid down in July 2020, unlike their predecessors, carry not two, but three universal shipborne firing complexes for 24 missiles. It is assumed that projects 22350M will have six universal shipborne firing complexes for 48 missiles. According to experts, such an ammunition load makes sense to combat multi-purpose aircraft carrier groups.
The seventh and eighth frigates of project 22350, which were planned to be laid at the Severnaya Verf shipyard on 28 April 2020, will be able to carry 24 strike missiles, including hypersonic Zircons, on board. The fifth and sixth ships of the same type, in spring 2019, will receive the same weapons, TASS was told by two sources in the military-industrial complex 17 April 2020. The first two frigates of Project 22350, the Admiral Gorshkov and Admiral Kasatonov, and the third and fourth ships, Admiral Golovko and Admiral Isakov, laid down in 2012-2013, have 16 launchers for launch shock rockets.
“A new pair of frigates will be built according to an improved project with significantly enhanced armament: the ships will receive 24 vertical launchers of the 3S-14 universal ship’s firing complex (UKSK), which can use Caliber and Onyx cruise missiles and Zircon hypersonic.” "Admiral Amelko" and "Admiral Chichagov," laid down last year, will receive the composition of weapons, said one of the agency’s interlocutors.
The weight and size characteristics of Zircon missiles allow them to fire from the same launchers as the Caliber and Onyx cruise missiles. If necessary, it will be possible to load up to 24 Zircon missiles per frigate. Such an ammunition makes sense for the fight against aircraft carrier multipurpose groups.
As of 2020, it was planned that Project 22350 multipurpose frigates (patrol ships) of the far sea zone with reinforced weapons will become one of the most powerful ships of the Russian Navy. During the upgrade, they will receive 24 cells for launching cruise missiles compared to 16 in the base version, which will significantly increase their combat effectiveness.
The frigates of the modernized project 22350 "Admiral Amelko" and "Admiral Chichagov" will become carriers of hypersonic weapons and will be capable of carrying a total of 32 cruise missiles. This was reported to TASS 16 February 2021 by a source in the shipbuilding industry. "The pair [frigates Admiral Amelko and Admiral Chichagov] will be able to carry out tasks that are performed by" classic "serial ships of this project. They have increased ammunition. There is a possibility of installing hypersonic weapons," he said. According to him, "according to the contract, they will each have four universal ship firing complexes (UKSK), and this series of ships will continue." Each UKSK is designed for eight Kalibr-NK and / or Onyx cruise missiles, and in the future - Zircon. "Onyx" and "Zircon" are designed and manufactured by Reutov NPO Mashinostroeniya.
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