Project 1134 Kresta - Weaponry
Ships of Project 1134 "Berkut" were armed with the SCRC P-35-1134 four-winged ASM P-35 (code 4K-44), arranged in two paired launchers [PU] CT 35 (CT-35-1134), with the rise of a fixed launch angle to 25°. Horizontal guidance was carried out maneuvering the ship. ASM P-35 is a lightweight version of the ASM P-6 (for arming submarines). Initially, the project envisaged the possibility of reloading containers with placing four spare missiles in the cellars on the upper deck, but in the process of construction of the lead ship this was abandoned. Shooting could be carried out in turn and volley from all installations of the ship. It provides for the possibility of using rockets fired against ground targets. The complex included a P-35-1134 Two-fire control radar "Bean-1134" to solve the problem of flight control and guidance of the RCC to the object hit.
Flight control after launch took place in the so-called operation "high altitude, low altitude," and the KP P-35 had several flight conditions at altitudes of 400 to 7500 m. The large altitude required for direct radar contact between the mother ship and rocket. The officer-operator of the ship target selection was made according to the radar images, selecting the most important goal for the attack. The ship would get a command to capture the selected target missile radar sighting. This stage ended with remote control mode and the rocket was reduced to a small height, keeping the already made radar contact with the intended purpose. At the same time carried out a missile homing on a target for the exchange rate and on the final trajectory dived to the target (not separated warhead). The coastal mode rocket dived at the target at an angle of 80°. Cover and autonomous flight of a rocket to the calculation point used an inertial system that includes a mode active radar homing and self-chosen goal. The control system provides control of only two of RCC in a salvo when shooting in the main mode.
Project 1134 were equipped with SAM "Wave". Its development was initiated in 1955, NII-10 Minsudproma CCCP based on the Army S-125 "Neva" and continued in the Institute "Altair" Minoboronprom CCCP (chief designer - I.A.Ignatev). Two SAM "Wave" were located in the stern and bow of the ship. The complex consisted of twin, double-girder deck stabilized turning the mount with ZIF-102 delivery system and the loading, ammunition missiles V-600, a set of hardware procedural control and SPUS "Scimitar." The rocket ammunition was stored in the cellars located directly under the CP. Each had 32 rockets for storage and delivery. The SAM-600 and its more recent variant was a two-stage missile with solid propellant motor and PF warhead.
For guided missiles the ship used two-fire radar 4P-90 "Scimitar" - a complex of instruments and devices that provide reception of the naval radar detection, target tracking and missile on a trajectory prelaunch preparation and launch rockets, production control commands for missile guidance to the target. Each "Scimitar" had five antennas. Two small antennas were carried on missiles at the target, one antenna to function as a radio operator's commands, and two more - was accompanied by the goal and more accurate conclusions on her rocket. The "Scimitar" is located above the pilothouse (bow) and logging on to the deck of the aft superstructure (aft).
SAM upgrades to improve the performance of missiles was possible to increase the range, made possible by the work of low-flying and sea targets. Modernization was conducted in two stages: 1 to 1968 minutes and 2 minutes to 1976. The first stage began UZRK "M-Wave". The result of the second - UZRK "Wave-P" (noise-free) and upgraded missiles - B-601 (4K91).
The artillery complex AK-725-MP-103 on Project 1134 was the main naval artillery weapons, using "universal" [ie, dual-purpose AA/ASuW] automatic gun mount with a second-generation fire control radar. Each ship received two artillery complex AK-725-MP-103, consisting of two-gun AU AK-725 fire control radar MR-103 "Bars" and ammunition in the cellar. AK-725 was the first domestic 57mm turret, completely automate the installation of a new generation of calculation which consisted of two men and the shooting was outside the tower.
Gun mount AK-725 has two 57-mm automatic ZIF-74 in the same cradle, belt-fed ammunition and a system of continuous cooling trunks seawater, with the length of a continuous line of 100 shots. Every machine inthe receiver is manually fed own tape of the 550 units of ammunition. Turret of the AK-725, made of light aluminum alloy 6 mm thick, had no armor and only protected the mechanisms of moisture and air wave, providing complete sealing.
System devices fire control radar MR-103 "Bars" provided tracking of the target moving at speeds of up to 700 m / s. The range of capture target should not exceed 205 cables (about 40 km). Continuous operation was no more than 8 hours, the time radar readiness for operation after power was not less than 6 minutes. Weight CCP MR-103 was 3900 kg. The complex is a small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery AK-630-MP-123 (AK-630M-MP-123).
Underestimating the role of cannon artillery in the 1950s became apparent in the late 1960's and in the "Golden Eagle" was reflected in the first place. Ships needed a more powerful and reliable artillery weapons, but industry at that time could not meet these demands.
Several improvements in the situation were the placement of the draft modernized ships guns AK-630 (AK-630M) (the difference is only in the amount of ammunition) two six-barreled 30-mm gun mount on each side. Each battery is the right and left sides included two gun mount AK-630M, with its own radar tracking system control units with artillery fire MR-123 "Vympel-A" as well as a target column VC-123 to back fire control.
Radar system MR-123 "Vympel" provides surveillance for the purpose of maritime type boats, Project. 205 at a distance of 7.5 km, and the purpose of the air type MiG-21 at a distance of up to 7 km (depending on weather conditions). Weight control - 5 tons. In the event of failure of the radar system was provided backup fire control post with a ring (red-dot) sight with a field of view of 120°. Mass of the sighting column VC-123 is 120 kg.
On the deck on each side behind the chimney were placed two PTA-53-1134 five-tube rotary torpedo launchers, adopted in 1963. The torpedo tubes had angles of fire: the bow 60° and aft 50° from the beam. The system of fire - air, torpedo fire control station (putts) - "The Storm-1134." The stock of torpedoes in two machines was 10 pieces (volley - to torpedo 2-4-5). Usual accessories were 6 (4) torpedoes 53-65 (53-65K) and 4 (6) SET-65 torpedo. Torpedoes were intended to destroy enemy submarines in the near zone defense (6-8 km).
Reactive-bombing armament installation was RBU-6000 "Cyclone-2" and RBU-1000 "Cyclone-3" In Project 1134 in the range of reactive bomb weapons included two nasal PU RBU-6000 "Cyclone-2" and two aft PU RBU-1000 "Cyclone-3" for the burst and single firing RSL 60 and RSL-10 submarines and torpedoes. The system "Smerch-2" consists of two stationary remotely controlled in two planes PU RBU-6000 (with 12 stems), the charging device, depth charges RSL-60 fuses with the GWU-60. The system "Smerch-3", respectively - two remotely suggestive in two planes PU RBU-1000 (with 6 trunks), the charging device, depth charges RSL-10 fuses with the GWU-60.
The control system, common to both sets PUSB "Storm-1134" with the prefix "Buzzer" can simultaneously manage all the fire 4 RBU. CO was issued by the ship or the CEO of the group attack submarine "Watch" to the transfer system PUSB that produce angles of vertical and horizontal guidance RBU. Ammunition for the RBU-6000-stocked cellar, designed for storage upright on the shelves 144 jet bombs RSL-60. For the RBU-1000 - cellar for 24 bomb RSL 10 each.
It should be noted that the same set of reactive bomb weapons, virtually unchanged, were armed and subsequent ships "Berkut-A" and "Berkut-B."
On the quarterdeck was posted 1 set of acoustic-speed guardian ship mines.
For the first time in the domestic fleet in the ship were provided permanent basing of the helicopter. To this end, the ship was equipped with shelter-hangar, located on the upper deck at the stern end of the superstructure. This housed hangar means the maintenance of the helicopter. On the left side to the hangar adjoined starter-PNC command post. On the quarterdeck was provided runway equipment. Aviation ammo consisted of five torpedoes AT-1, four bombs PLAB-250, eight bombs PLAB-50. There were 10 night and day backsight naval bombs Omaboe-25. Search tools PA - sonobuoys RSL-1H «Chinar" -54 pcs. buoys and radar transponders - "Float-1A" - 15 pcs. B depending on the tasks based on the ship or anti-submarine helicopter Ka-25PL or helicopter sighting Ka-25TS.
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