Project 1134 Kresta - Design
While the ship design of Project 58 had indisputable merits, there were certain disadvantages: the very "sandwiched" displacement and dimensions could not realize requirements to improve habitability for personnel (the Navy began to be "active service"), strengthen air defenses, increase cruising range and autonomy. Improving missiles made unnecessary the complicated and bulky rotary launchers. Practice had shown that their reloading ["recharge" was quite time-consuming, and unfit for combat. The temporary basing of the helicopter on the runway in harsh sea conditions quickly disabled it.
When designing new ships in Project 1134 under the code "Berkut", these requirements were largely taken into account: the newly-designed larger hull with the same power plant was placed a second SAM "Wave" (the number of anti-aircraft missiles was doubled), there were several changes in the composition of electronic equipment (instead of the second radar "Angara", there were installed a new radar "Cleaver" and jammer "Gurzuf"), and the antisubmarine helicopter Ka-25 received a permanent base in the aft hangar. However, the strike capabilities of the ship declined: it was left with one set of P-35 with four missile launchers in the twin which did not have horizontal guidance, without a second reload of missiles. In addition, instead of 76-mm gun mounts, there was installed a less powerful of the projectile, but a new rapid-fire anti-aircraft twin 57-mm AK-725 individually controlled by the radar "Bars".
For these reasons, the new ships were classified as "large anti", and therefore the composition of anti-submarine weapons was somewhat strengthened. Instead of triple-tube torpedo tubes were installed five-tube mounts, and there was the "second caliber" RBU-1000.
Ships of Project 1134 received a hull the the contours of which was very similar to the hull of Project 56EM and copied the successful hull of Project 58 in several enlarged respects. The architecture of Project 1134 preserved the likeness of Project 58 - a body with a long forecastle deck and a slight rise in the stem, a developed central superstructure, and a landing pad for helicopters and hangar at the stern. The silhouette of the ship did not look bulky, the prototype had been reduced as part of the superstructure and chimneys were integrated into one foremast. The ship's hull was welded from steel with nickel-free plating thickness of 8-14 mm. Add-ons were made of aluminum/magnesium [AMG] alloys.
Fifteen main watertight bulkheads divided the body into sixteen watertight compartments. Teh hull had three decks (upper deck, tank, and bottom) and three platforms. The entire length of the ship had a double bottom with a cutout for a lifting device for machinery. On the 1st platform was located bow engine and boiler room with two boilers, department of auxiliary boiler and stabilizing, engine and boiler room with two boilers and GTZA.
In the bow of the ship was situated a couple of RBU-6000 units. The bow PU-102 complex "Wave" was located further aft to the pilothouse. On the bridge was located the pilot house, with the signalman and cabin commander. Above them was placed a bow AP PLC "Scimitar." Under the wings of the navigating bridge to the right and left of the superstructure were placed paired launch platforms [PU] CT-35 to P-35 RCC.
The dominant position in the silhouette of the ship was the four-sided pyramid-foremast, which had a large number of radar antennas. This design of the mast required accommodating a her large weight and size, and inside it were high-frequency control units. This increased the accuracy, as the high-frequency units were as close as possible to the antennas, which ensured reduction in the frequency of vibration and angular displacements of the foundations of antennas. On the front face of the mast were placed antenna PLC Spurs' Bean-1134 "and the tip of the antenna mast crowned PLC MP-310. Foremast was attached to the chimney, on which was installed on top of the radar antenna MP-500.
Inside the superstructure deck were located wardroom officers. On the 1st and 2nd tier were junior officers. Just behind the chimney, on the sides of the superstructure on the deck of the forecastle were installed five-funnel torpedo PTA-53-1134, and on the back of the chimney on a special bridge 2nd tier were placed AP radar MR-103 "Bars" to control 57 mm AK-725 AU. Some machines placed closer to the stern on both sides of the superstructure were the aft radar "Scimitar". Further, on the superstructure deck with reinforcements before the helicopter hangar, was located aft launcher for SAM "Wave". The board, in the area of the helicopter hangar were set RBU-1000, and in the aft on the upper deck instrument runway for the helicopter Ka-25.
Architecturally Project 1134 differed from the prototype (Project 58) with a reduced silhouette, which was achieved by combining the two chimneys engine and boiler rooms (MKO) and displays in one mast. But the results failed to ensure the best placement of the fore and aft SAM. In the ships Project 58 passages in all areas and combat posts were closed. The conning tower was located under the upper deck. Some of the officers' mess was in the superstructure, which should significantly improve the living conditions of the crew over the prior art.
The ship used four high-pressure main boilers KBH 98/64 vertical water-tube type with natural circulation of water, one-sided duct gas, the dual three-way vertical steam superheater and economizer coils smooth pipe. Air supply to the boiler was carried out directly into the furnace unit turbonadduvochnym THA-3. The design of the boilers in Project 1134 was in accordance with applicable Boilers for Project 58, but with higher steam capacity. Part of the CTS also included two double-hulled GTZA TV with 12 turbines low and high pressure. The housing of the low-pressure turbine has a turbine backing. At HRP pairs of TVD through the receiver entered in TND and then diverted to the main condenser. The composition GTZA included a two-stage gearbox, transfer torque from the two turbines to valolinii. KTU BOD Project 1134 belonged to the third generation of the CTS, and with minor modifications was used by the ships of the following projects until the Project 956 (code "Buzzard").
Electric plant power system was adopted by the three-phase alternating current, voltage - 380 V as the main source of electricity in two power plants was placed on one TD 750 turbine generator and two diesel generator ASDG-500 / 1B. To ensure the vitality of the system provided for parallel operation of generators and diesel generators among themselves and between plants. Special parking generators were not provided, the ship was provided with electricity by one of the TD-750 with steam from the auxiliary boiler.
Management of each of the trains was provided by the automatic system "Rion". To provide ferry parking regimes and preparation for the campaign was provided GEM auxiliary boiler plant SSC-7.5 / 28, with steam output of 7.5 t / h. To fill leaks of feedwater and preparation of drinking and washing water, the ship had two desalination plants with capacity of 60 tons / day. To ensure the system provided four air-conditioning chillers with a cooling capacity of 300,000 kcal/h.
The ship had "unlimited" seaworthiness. An "unsinkable" ship was provided with the flooding of any three adjacent compartments. The use of weapons was possible at sea to sea state V without stabilizers and to sea state VI with stabilizers. The initial transverse metacentric height at full displacement was 1.76 m.
The ship was equipped with two lines of propeller shafts with soundproofed sleeves, main and auxiliary thrust bearings, two with four-bronze low-noise propellers. The steering device REG-8-3 had equipment autopilot "Albatross-22-11."
The device moderating pitching was presented with two retractable rudders (active stabilizers) of the CC-134 with control equipment "Rudder-63" as passive stabilizers used bilge keels.
Anchor gear presented two anchors Hall of 4000 kg and two anchor chain caliber of 46 mm at 300 m each (12 commissures, 25 m, weight -14 250 kg). The maximum depth of anchoring was 100 meters.
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