Haryana - People
Haryanvis (people of Haryana) are simple, straight-forward, enterprising and hard-working. Preserving their old religious and social traditions; they celebrate festivals in traditional fervor. Above all, it is the hospitality of the people which attracts people from across the globe to explore the state with nosiness.
The Jats dominate the state of Haryana and they claim themselves to be of Rajput origin who came from Malwa, Bikaner and Dharangar near the ancient Hastinapur. The jats are further divided into twelve chief clans (gotras) and about 137 minor gotras. Gatwallas or the maliks form the main group of people along with Dahiya, Ahlawat,Rathi, Dalal, Sahrawat, Kadian, Jakhar, Golia and Deswal. The Mullas belong to the separate Muslim Jats.
Nearly 90% of the population of Haryana is dominated by the Hindus and the Sikh population of Haryana is concentrated more towards the northeast and northwest and the Muslims are settled in the southeastern districts adjoining Delhi. One fifth of the population is also taken over by the Harijan community. Though the Islam community living here does not preach their religion here, they are divided into three categories namely the higher caste being taken over by the Asharf or Sharaf (noble), the middle class by the Ajlaf (base or mean) and the lower caste by the Arzal.The Jats are supposed to be excellent cultivators. Haryanvi is the mother tongue of the people of Haryana with a dialect of Hindi and Punjabi. Punjabi is the second official language of Haryana.
Haryana ranks 20th in terms of area and 16th in terms of population when compared to other Indian states in the country.The detail analysis of Population Census 2011 published by Govt. of India for Haryana state reveal that population of Haryana has increased by 19.90% in this decade compared (2001-2011) to past decade (1991-2001). The density of Haryana in the current decade is 1485 per sq mile.
The most commonly spoken languages are Hindi and Punjabi in the State. In most schools, the medium of education is English. Haryana is shaping into a modern Takshila. Making elementary education available at reachable distance to all children, and opening/bringing a large number of institutes of higher learning, offering global standard education. According to 2001 census, the literacy rate in Haryana is 67.91 per cent against the all India literacy rate of 65.38 per cent. Haryana's female literacy rate is 55.73 per cent and male literacy rate is 78.49 per cent.
The healthcare has been mad both affordable and reachable by setting up a state-wide network of district and sub-divisional hospitals. These are being beefed up with staff and equipment and deficiencies in referral services are being removed. The state-wide network of health centres includes 52 hospitals, 94 community health centres, 441 primary health centres, 2,465 sub-centres, 15 district TB Centres, 639 Ayurvedic, Homeopathy and Unani Centres, 16 urban health posts, the Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research at Rohtak, and Medical Colleges at Agroha (Hisar) and Mullana (Ambala). Besides, as many as 516 Delivery Huts have been set up to provide delivery services in clean and hygiene environment. Major infrastructural improvements are being made to upgrade the existing health institutions to the Indian Public Health standards.
At the time of inception of Haryana as a separate state in 1966, there were only 6 polytechnics (Govt.-4 and Govt. Aided-2) and only one Engg. College at Kurukshetra (Joint Venture of State Govt. and Govt. of India) with annual intake of 1341 nos approximately. Number of AICTE approved technical Institutions offering AICTE approved technical courses have increased to 643 with an Annual intake of approximately 1,43,000. The Haryana government provides free education to women up to the bachelor's degree level.
The Industrial Training Department through a network of 149 Govt. Institutes (116 co-ed Govt. Industrial Training Institutes, 33 Govt. Industrial Training Institutes for women), 190 Private Industrial Training Institutes (7 Institute Non-functional during 2016-17), 7 Govt. Teacher Training Centers, 2 Private Teacher Training Centers is presently providing certificate cources Training to about (Govt. 52,175 + Pvt. 33,148)= 85,323 trainess in the State. These institutes are not only supplying skilled craftsmen to the industries but also generate avenues for self-employment.
The culture of Haryana dates back to the Vedic times and the people are noted for their rich cultural heritage. The people of Haryana are known for their rich folklore and strictly adhere to their own traditions and customs. The people of Haryana follow meditation, Yoga and chanting of Vedic Mantras which has become an integral part of their life. This way of life of the people of Haryana is age old customs. The culture of the people is extoled by their seasonal and religious festivals. The people are known for their diverse races, cultures and faiths which are blended in the right proportion to become something truly India. Even today they are preserving and follow their old religious and social traditions including fairs and festivals which are celebrated following all the traditional customs.
The dance of the people of Haryana forms the basis of their art and infact it is also most commonly referred by the people as mother of all arts. Apart from dance, the delighting form of arts enjoyed by the people is Saangs, dramas, ballads and songs. They consider dance to be a way of expressing their physical and emotional energy rather just as a part of recreation for they believe that dance is a source of taking away the worries and stress of the performers. Punjab has influenced the people of Haryana a lot for the fact that culture and humour is very much similar to them. With Hindi as the base the people of Haryana speak numerous dialects. Some of the main languages spoken here include Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu and English. But the manner in which it is spoken is remarkable. Popularly known as Haryanvi, Bangaru or Jatu, it is perhaps a bit crude, but full of earthy humor and straightforwardness. Of late due to the proximity of Haryana to the capital, lot of urbanization is taking place showing a modified perspective on the cultural aspects.
Most of the people of Haryana have more or less equal social status. The status factor comes up only with the age which is understood and respected. The elders no matter how poor or rich is given all the due respect in any place whereas the younger as a part of their social custom has to respect the older people even if the junior is very rich or socially placed in a high status. Thus the tradition of the state of Haryana is very socialistic in nature.
When it comes to marriage, a boy and a girl of the same gotra are not allowed to marry and the marriage is a must within the same community. A boy and a girl of the same gothra are considered to be brother and sister. If marriages do not take place within the same Jat then it is considered as a great disgrace to the boy or the girl family and is never accepted. Marriage within the same village is also not permitted even if the boy and girl qualify for marriage according to gotra restriction. By following this custom the people are able to maintain racial purity and this factor of limiting within the community helps in promoting good health and prevention of physical degeneration. The people of Haryana do not promote karewa or widow marriage which is a very big obligation among the community.
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