Haryana - Economy
The world famous basmati rice is from Haryana. Historically an agrarian state, Haryana today is a well-developed industrial state. The state is one of India's largest automobile hubs and accounts for two thirds of passenger cars, 50 percent of tractors and 60 percent of motorcycles manufactured in the country. Haryana is a preferred destination for auto majors and auto-component manufacturers. The state is host to many large automotive players.
The state has also emerged as a base for the knowledge industry, including IT and biotechnology. Haryana is the third-largest exporter of software and one of the preferred destinations for IT/ITeS facilities.
With an area covering 1.3 per cent of the country, Haryana contributed near 3.63 per cent to India’s GDP in 2018-19. Between FY12-21, the state’s GSDP (in Rs) grew at a CAGR of 13.63 per cent to Rs 9.40 trillion (US$ 134.46 billion) in 2020-21. The state government of Haryana has been committed to creating a progressive business environment. The state offers a wide range of fiscal and policy incentives for businesses under the Industrial and Investment Policy, 2011. Haryana was ranked third best state in the country ease of doing business in the Business Reforms Action Plan 2017. As of November 2019, the state had seven exporting Special Economic Zones.
Agriculture is the mainstay of more than 80 percent people in Haryana. Various measures have been taken to raise the standard of living of its farmers. Rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, barley and pulses, sugarcane, cotton, oilseeds and potato are the major crops of the State. Under the diversification of crops, more and more area is being brought under cash crops like sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds. New crops like sunflower, soyabean and fruits and vegetables are also being encouraged. Efforts are being made to encourage intensive and extensive farming in the State. Haryana is famous for its cattle. The Central government's dairy research institute at Karnal in Haryana played a big role in Haryana emerging as a major producer of milk.
Haryana is self-sufficient in food production and the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains. The main crops of Haryana are Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds, Gram, Barley, Pearl Millet, Green Gram etc. There are two main types of crops in Haryana: Rabi and Kharif. Agriculture contributes 17% of the state’s GDP and employs 65% of the total workforce. The net sown area is 85% of the total geographic area as compared to the national average of 46%, the gross cropped area is 65 lakh Ha with a cropping intensity of 180%.
The irrigation network has made Haryana into one of the frontline states of India in terms of food grain production. Haryana is a beneficiary of the multi-purpose project in Sutlej and Beas, sharing benefits with Punjab and Rajasthan. Major irrigation projects are Western Yamuna Canal, Bhakhra Canal System and Gurgaon Canal. Haryana has raised water from lower levels to higher and drier slopes. It is a new endeavour that gave practical shape to the lift irrigation for the first time in India. The Jui, Sewani, Loharu and Jawahar lal Nehru lift irrigation schemes have helped to carry irrigation water against gravity flow to arid areas. This has served as an effective check against the advance of the Rajasthan desert. Techniques of Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation have been introduced in the highly undulating and sandy tracts of Haryana.
The controversy between Haryana and Punjab over the Sutlej Yamuna link, which would bring additional water to the state, has not yet been settled but the state has an extensive tube well system thanks to the enterprises of its farmers and the spread of electricity to all the villages of the state. The State undertook implementation of the six-year Haryana Water Resources Consolidation Project from 1994-95. The project objectives are to manage the total available water resources efficiently and economically to improve equitable distribution of water among the beneficiaries by rehabilitating the existing canal and drainage system.
There are more than 80,000 small-scale industrial units in the state which cumulatively bring in a substantial income for the state and its people. Hundreds of large scale and well known companies have their units in Haryana. Yamunanagar district is the largest industrial town wholly within in Haryana. It has Asia's largest paper mill and Asia's largest Sugar Mill. Yamunanagar has Asia's largest timber industry, an HPGCL thermal power plant, a hydro power plant and India's largest Railway workshop. Faridabad is another big industrial part of Haryana. It is home to hundreds of large scale companies. Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. It is the biggest centre for cheap blankets and carpets in India. Ambala is the largest manufacturer of Scientific Apparatuses and one of the biggest exporters of educational instruments in the country.
Haryana's achievement in the industrial sector has been quite phenomenal. Haryana accounts for four-fifth's of the country's total passenger car production, two-thirds of motorcycles and tractors and one-fourth of total production of cycles and sanitary wares. Panipat has earned the reputation of being the "Weaver City" of India for its exquisite, hand-tufted wollen carpets and colourful handloom products. One of the most remarkable achievements is on the export front.
In Haryana all villages stand connected with metalled [ie, paved] roads. 4-laning of National Highway No. 1 from Murthal (Delhi border) to Karnal has been completed and the work from Karnal to Punjab border is in full swing. Similarly, NH-2 from Ballabgarh to U.P. border has been completed and opened to traffic. Rail routes from Delhi to Agra, Ajmer, Ferozepur and Chandigarh cross through the State. Ambala, Panipat and Kurukshetra are important railway stations. There is a railway workshop at Jagadhari. There are five civil aerodromes in the State viz., Pinjore, Karnal, Hisar, Bhiwani and Narnaul.
The household cooking energy requirement of the local communities is met from many sources. The Census of India 2001 has given detailed information regarding sources of energy in households Haryana as given in Table 6. It has been found that the 1.1 million households (31.3 %) of the total 3.53 million household use fuelwood as the source of cooking fuel. These fuelwood is collected from the local forest and farm land plantation. The fuelwood is collected by locals for sale and for self consumption.
Animal husbandry has been taken up as an integral component of diversified agriculture. Haryana has a livestock population of 98.97 lakh. Its 'Hariana' breed of cows and 'Murrah' breed of buffaloes are known throughout the world. Buffaloes constitute 45 % of the total livestock population and they contribute 80.5 % of the total milk production. The Animal Husbandry activities in the State of Haryana occupy a pivotal role in the rural economy because of its contribution towards income generation, draft power, rural upliftment and its potential which brings about growth in terms of livestock products.
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