Tu-160M
On 02 February 2020, the first flight of the experimental modernized Tu-160M ??bomber-based bomber, created on the basis of the Tu-160 combatant aircraft, took place at the Kazan Aviation Plant airfield. The newly constructed planes and created on the basis of Tu-160 bombers taken from the Aerospace Forces will not differ from each other, but technically they received different markings in the military department: Tu-160M ??for modernized combatant units and Tu-160M2 for those built from scratch.
In December 2019, Deputy Defense Minister Alexei Krivoruchko in an interview with the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper said that deliveries to the troops of the upgraded strategic Tu-160 missile carriers would begin in 2021. The machine, as part of a deep modernization, received new flight and navigation equipment, an on-board communication complex, a control system, a radar station, and an electronic countermeasure complex. In addition, in February a TASS source in the military-industrial complex reported that it was planned to arm the Tu-160 family aircraft with dagger hypersonic missiles, without specifying whether they would arm Tu-160 combatant armored vehicles or already modernized vehicles.
In early 2002 it was reported that Long-Range Aviation would soon receive three additional Tu-160 strategic bombers, being built by the Kazan aircraft plant. The first bomber funded from the 2002 state defense order was to be passed over to the military by the end of the year. After completion of the program Russia will have a fleet consisting of 18 supersonic bombers capable of using nuclear and conventional weapons. In addition, the Kazan plant will upgrade the bombers which the Air Force already has. The Tu-160 bombers will be equipped with upgraded avionics and long-distance cruise missiles. The upgrade program of these warplanes will cost around $4 billion.
The Russian Air Force is planning a limited upgrade for the Tu-160 fleet. The first stage of the upgrade will equip the aircraft with the conventional armed Kh-101 and Kh-555 cruise missiles, as well as the new Sigma fire control system for these missiles. The Tu-160 will carry up to 12 of the Kh-101, which uses a electro-optical terminal homing system. The Kh-555 is a reworked Kh-55SM, which uses the Kh-101 homing system and replaces the nuclear warhead with a conventional one. The Tu-160 upgrade also adds the Kh-102 strategic missile, medium range subsonic Kh-SD and the Kh-41 medium range supersonic weapon. Other upgrades include navigation, communication and self-defence systems. The upgrades, carried out by KAPO at Kazan, extend the service life of the Tu-160 until at least 2020-2025. The first two Tu-160 bombers carrying conventional cruise missiles were stationed at the Air Force base near Engels in the Saratov region in 2005.
In 2013, the Russian Defense Ministry signed a contract with the Tupolev design bureau and Kazan Aircraft Plant worth 3.4 billion rubles (some $66 million at the current exchange rate) to upgrade three Tu-160 bombers. Russia’s Long Range Aviation will get another 6 modernized strategic Tupolev Tu-160 bombers, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force Colonel General Viktor Bondarev said on 23 December 2014.
A major overhaul of Tupolev Tu-160 strategic bombers will be completed in 2019, Boris Naishuler, the director of the Gorbunov Kazan Aviation Production Association’s design center, which upgrades the aircraft, said. "The first stage of modernization has been completed; the second stage connected with replacement of nearly all onboard radioelectronic equipment on existing aircraft is expected to be completed in 2019," Naishuler told TASS 26 May 2015.
He said the process of modernization started with replacement of equipment installed on the planes back in Soviet times. "The planes have equipment that was manufactured in former republics of the Soviet Union. The modernization is aimed at replacing all that equipment, including navigation systems and communications equipment, with Russian," Naishuler said.
By 2015 Russia’s Air Force had in operation service about 15 Tu-160s, undergoing modernization announced in 2012. Besides, it was reported that Tu-160s will get upgraded NK-32 engines - a development batch is to be handed to the military in late 2016.
Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov said in July 2015 the Long Range Aviation planes theoretically may have a service life of up to 100 years with regular modernization phases with replacement of engines and avionics. "As for the Tu-160, it has record characteristics, so it may have a very long and happy destiny. I think that we are modernizing the Tu-160 not just to close this problem for the next 5-10 years, because if we restore the aircraft production, its service life will be at least 40 years," Borisov said during a visit to the Kazan-based Gorbunov Aviation Plant (a Tupolev branch).
Deputy Defense Minister Yury Borisov, visiting the Kazan aircraft factory in April 2017, disclosed the new intentions of the military department. According to him, currently there were 16 strategic missile carriers Tu-160 in service with the Air and Space Forces. All these machines will have to undergo a profound modernization. In fact, the airplane in the current configuration will remain only a glider. All on-board equipment, down to the cable runs, will be replaced. Such a renewal of technology will significantly prolong its service life. The deputy defense minister also spoke about carrying out studies aimed at establishing the real potential of existing structures. In the course of such scientific work, it was determined that the Tu-160 had a high strength stock. The reserve for the resource, in turn, is almost unlimited. All these conclusions were made on the basis of theoretical study and practical research. Y. Borisov also stressed that the resource of the upgraded Tu-160 will be sufficient to continue the service until the appearance of the Tu-160M2 new construction vehicles.
In December 2019, Russian Deputy Defense Minister Alexei Krivoruchko in an interview with the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper said that deliveries to the troops of the modernized strategic Tu-160M ??bombers would begin in 2021.
The deeply modernized Tu-160M bomber made its first flight at the airport of Kazan Aviation Plant named after Gorbunova. This was reported by TASS in the press service of PJSC Tupolev. “On February 2, 2020, the first flight of the first prototype deeply modernized Tu-160M bomber designed on the basis of the Tu-160 combatant aircraft took place at the aerodrome of KAZ named after SP Gorbunov, a branch of PJSC Tupolev,” PJSC Tupolev said . The press service said that the plane was piloted by the crew under the leadership of test pilot Zhukovsky flight test and development base Henri Naskidyants. The flight took place at an altitude of 1.5 thousand meters and lasted 34 minutes. During the flight, the necessary checks of updated systems and equipment were performed. According to the crew, the flight went normally.
Russian military expert Alexei Leonkov confirmed 22 February 2024 that the Russian Tu-160M strategic bomber, which Russian President Vladimir Putin flew on board, is superior to its counterparts, including the American B-21 bomber. Leonkov said: “We are facing a completely modern aircraft whose characteristics are superior to the American design, the B-21. The Americans are still betting on the invisibility of the aircraft at the expense of its aerobatic characteristics. But due to its design, it cannot perform maneuvers at speeds below the speed of sound.”
He added: “Our aircraft are capable of maneuvering, and with the modern fighters that will accompany them, they will be either the Su-35 of the 4++ generation or the Su-57, so that they will become a terrible element in the nuclear triad to work against the targets of an aggressor or enemy state that is attacking our sovereignty.”
He described the development of the aircraft, which took place during the Soviet Union, as unique. He pointed out that the Tu-160 has high aerobatic qualities and is capable of maintaining a supersonic speed of more than Mach two for 45 minutes. He stressed that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were only less than 20 aircraft of this model left, and now they are being updated to the Tu-160M level.
He noted that the new plane is not a complete copy of the Soviet plane, as many modern technologies have been added , its engines have been modified and modern components have been added to become capable of carrying larger quantities of bombs and fuel. The new version of the bomber is also equipped with an on-board defense system that protects against all types of anti-aircraft weapons such as surface-to-air missiles or air-to-air missiles.
President Vladimir Putin repeated his flight aboard the most powerful strategic aircraft in the world, the Tu-160M, from the Gorbunov Factory Airport in the Russian Republic of Tatarstan. The plane's flight lasted 30 minutes, and was preceded by preparations for takeoff that lasted 15 minutes. He had previously taken this step 19 years ago, specifically on August 16, 2005, and he confirmed at the time that this experiment was to examine the operation of the strategic aircraft and inspect its movement, indicating that a test missile was launched from the launcher and it hit its target accurately, and he confirmed that the results were good.
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