Tu-114 Cleat - Design
As is the case with the Tu-104, in the transition from the Tu-95 aircraft the "114" changed arrangement of the wing, the plane changed the design center, with the fuselage becoming a passenger cabin of large diameter designed anew. Wing, the main rack chassis, tail, engine components, many largely remained the same.
During the preliminary design in the brigade BM Kondorskogo was evaluated bulk-position parameters of the aircraft, the first arrangement of the project to determine the optimum condition for maximum effect in the operation of future vehicles. A version of the aircraft "114" with the fuselage diameter 6.2 meters, calculated on the placement in a hermetically cabin 200 people with chairs to 8 pieces in a row. Fuselage was performed double, with accommodation at the lower deck, a large cargo deck. This included designing a multi-passenger wide-distance aircraft, adapted for effective use in various combinations of passenger and cargo flows on the lines. By such an approach to design passenger aircraft in the world came only after 15-20 years.
Unfortunately, the level of then-existing technologies did not allow for a fairly light construction water tight fuselage of the large diameter with the necessary level of the required strength and resource indicators, so it was decided to move to a fuselage with a diameter of 4.2 meters, with the persistence of double-layout. At the bottom deck, retained reduced gruzotseki, there is placed a kitchen for feeding passengers meals on the upper deck made for a special lift. Maintain the "baggage with them, which rodnil project with the future-Airbus aircraft. They abandoned the original design of the lower built fuselage ladders, through which the passengers were released into the flight, go to the normal side door.
On 12 August 1955 left the USSR Council of Ministers ? 1561-868, which KB tasked to design and build a base of TU-95 long-range passenger aircraft Tu-95P (flight 114). The plane was to have the following data:
- The maximum speed of 850-950 km / h at an altitude of 7000-8000 meters - ;
- cruising speed of 750-800 km / h; at an altitude of 10000-12000 m
- Maximum weight of a commercial load - 30000 kg;
- Practical flight range of 30,000 kg of payload - 3500-4000 km, with a payload 15500 kg - 7500-8000 km;
- the number of passengers - 170-180 people;
- crew, along with support staff - 7-8 people.
The Tu-114 (NATO designation Cleat) had a fuselage of circular cross section with seats for 220 people (at high density), 170 people (with normal density) and 120 (long-range non-stop). The first Tu-114 took off on 3 October 1957., And 1961. 25-30 machines were put into operation. In 1960. Tupolev Tu-114 became the fastest-engine propeller plane in the world, when on 9 April with a payload of 25,000 kilograms (55,115 pounds ), With closed-circuit flight route length of 5000 kilometers (3107 miles) set so far not pobity record speed of 877212 kilometers per hour (545.07 miles per hour). Tu-114 was one of the most economical aircraft used on long routes. Fuel aircraft on the routes was 34 g / passenger-kilometers.
The massive Tu-114 was powered by four contra-rotating turboprop engines on swept-back wings and was capable of jet speeds. In post-war years the turbo-prop aviation came to take the place of aviation piston propeller power units. Its rapid development needed an effective creation of the fundamental new propellers and hydro-mechanic systems of automatic control. The collective of the Zhdanov Konstantin Ivanovich Experimental Design Office coped with these tasks successfully created a whole range of reliable propellers and governors for An-8, An-12, An-10, Be-12, An-24, Il-18, An-30, An-26 and An-32 aircrafts and others. Special technical achievements of the enterprise are related to the creation of unique coaxial 14,000 h.p. propellers for Tu-95, Tu-114 and An-22 (“Antei”) aircrafts. These propellers have no analogues until now in the world’s propeller building. For Tu-95 and Tu-114 aircrafts they guaranteed the achievement of flight cruise speed up to 800 km/h, and for An-22 aircraft – unsurpassed thrust-to-weight ratio.
Tu-114 is built on the aerodynamic pattern cantilever nizkoplana. All-metal construction. Fuselage has a round section, sealed, double. Wing sweep is 35° under a quarter of chords) high elongation (8.8). High Lift consisted of three sections. The main pillar removed in the fairing, a continuation of motogondol. The power plant consisted of 4 TVD MK-12MV (on the prototype NC-12M) with coaxial props opposite rotation AV-60N (diameter - 5.6 m) equipped with automatic emergency feathering. Engines are located on the wing in the far forward edge. Hermetic passenger compartment serial aircraft was designed for 170 seats (in the front cabin - 41 on average - 48, 16 row - 3, the coupe - 24 (12 in bunk option), in the rear cabin - 54). Since 1969, all aircraft converted into 200-bed (in the front cabin - 47 on average - 60, the number of 19 - 3 in the rear cabin - 90), and some - in the 220-seat. At the lower deck were located baggage compartment and a kitchen (consisting of the crew was chef). The kitchen is connected to the buffet elevator (after a similar decision was taken at the Il-86).
