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VA-111 Shkval underwater rocket

Rocket-torpedo SHKVAL is called the M-5 high-speed torpedo (manufacturer - PO Mashzavod, Przhevalsk), and Shkval (VA-111) is the name of the weapon complex that uses it. In 1995 it was revealed that Russia had developed an exceptionally high-speed unguided underwater missile which has no equivalent in the West. Code-named the Shkval (Squall), the new weapon travels at a velocity that would give a targeted vessel very little chance to perform evasive action. The missile has been characterized as a "revenge" weapon, which would be fired along the bearing of an incoming enemy torpedo. The Shkval may be considered a follow-on to the Russian BGT class of evasion torpedoes, which are fired in the direction of an incoming torpedo to try to force an attacking to evade (and hopefully snap the torpedo's guidance wires). The weapon was deployed in the early 1990s, and had been in service for years when the fact of its existence was disclosed.

In physics, supercavitation is a natural phenomenon. When an object moves in water at a speed exceeding 185 km/h, a large strange water vapor bubble will form at its tail, enveloping the part of the object in contact with water. The medium the object is in contact with changes from water to air. Since the density of air is only 1/800 of that of water, it can greatly reduce the resistance of the object, and large air bubbles will form on the surface of the object. This is the "supercavitation phenomenon." The pressure of these bubbles is very high, and the huge pressure generated when they burst can cause great damage to the watercraft.

After discovering this phenomenon, scientists made a bold assumption through research: if the bubbles produced by supercavitation can wrap objects, forming a "gas coat" on the surface of the object, so that the object is inside the supercavitation created by itself when sailing, it can avoid water resistance to the greatest extent, thus breaking the speed limit. Based on this theory, the Soviet Union successfully developed the VA-111 supercavitating torpedo.

The biggest advantage of supercavitating weapons is their high speed and great power. The "Blizzard" torpedo developed by the Soviet Union can reach a speed of 370 kilometers per hour, which is 3 to 4 times higher than traditional torpedoes, 7 times the speed of ordinary ships, and 5 times the speed of ordinary nuclear submarines. It is said that without guidance, the torpedo can still hit the target within 100 seconds. Even if its warhead is not charged, the huge kinetic energy alone is enough to knock a hole through the hull of any ship. Its speed is equivalent to the speed of an ordinary high-speed railway running underwater, and it flies faster than an ordinary civilian helicopter! No wonder it is said that when some Soviet nuclear submarines were equipped with this supercavitating torpedo, the US nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers once retreated from the Soviet nuclear submarines because they were afraid of the powerful strike capability of this weapon.

However, supercavitating torpedoes have not been used in actual combat since their birth, which is partly because their technology still has defects. The disadvantages are direct flight, short range and easy exposure of submarine positions. The range of general torpedoes is 20 to 30 kilometers, and the range of supercavitating torpedoes is much shorter, even less than 10 kilometers. The range of "Snowstorm" supercavitating torpedoes is only 7 to 13 kilometers. Such a short combat distance will inevitably greatly limit the combat capability of submarines. In addition, due to its high speed, it is difficult to use guidance technology, so supercavitating torpedoes can only adopt a straight-forward attack method.

Supercavitating torpedoes have another fatal flaw, which is that they are too easy to be discovered. This is because after a supercavitating torpedo is launched, a long white water vapor bubble will follow it at its tail. Such a string of obvious bubbles can easily expose the position of the submarine. Therefore, if supercavitating torpedoes are used in actual combat, the submarine or surface ship that launches the torpedo is likely to be discovered, resulting in a situation where they will perish together with the enemy. In addition, supercavitating technology has very high process requirements for the shape design and structural strength of the torpedo. The shape of the torpedo must be uniform and strong, otherwise the torpedo will shake during navigation, and it is easy to destroy the supercavitation layer wrapped around the outside of the torpedo. The pressure of these bubbles is very high, and once they rupture, the huge pressure generated will cause great damage to the torpedo. Therefore, supercavitating torpedoes are required to be very strong, but this requirement is not easy to achieve.

Development begain in the 1960s, when the Research Institute NII-24 (Chief Designer Mikhail Merkulov) involved in the artillery ammunition research was instructed to launch the development of underwater high-speed missile to fight nuclear-powered submarines. On 14 May 1969, pursuant to a government resolution, NII-24 and GSKB-47 merged into the Research Institute of Applied Hydromechanics (NII PGM), which formed the basis of the present day 'Region' Scientific Production Association. Advances in the development of jet engines and fuel technologies, as well as outstanding results in the research of body motion under cavitation made it possible to design a unique missile with a dived speed much greater than that of conventional torpedoes.

When the suction on the low-pressure side of the propeller blade dips below ambient pressure [atmospheric plus hydrostatic head] the propeller blade cavitates -- a vacuum cavity forms. There is water vapor in the cavity, and the pressure is not a true vacuum, but equal to the vapor pressure of the water. High-speed propellers are often designed to operate in a fully-cavitating (supercavitating) mode.

A high speed supercavitating projectile, while moving in the forward direction, rotates inside the cavity. This rotation leads to a series of impacts between the projectile tail and the cavity wall. The impacts affect the trajectory as well as the stability of motion of the projectile. The present paper discusses the in-flight dynamics of such a projectile. Despite the impacts with the cavity wall, the projectile nearly follows a straight line path. The frequency of the impacts between the projectile tail and cavity boundary increases initially, reaches a maximum, and then decreases gradually. The frequency of impacts decreases with the projectile's moment of inertia.

Apparently fired from standard 533mm torpedo tubes, Shkval has a range of about 7,500 yards. The weapon clears the tube at fifty knots, upon which its rocket fires, propelling the missile through the water at 360 kph [about 100 m/sec / 230 mph / 200-knots], three or four times as fast as conventional torpedoes. The solid-rocket propelled "torpedo" achieves high speeds by producing a high-pressure stream of bubbles from its nose and skin, which coats the torpedo in a thin layer of gas and forms a local "envelope" of supercavitating bubbles. Carrying a tactical nuclear warhead initiated by a timer, it would destroy the hostile submarine and the torpedo it fired. The Shkval high-speed underwater missile is guided by an auto-pilot rather than by a homing head as on most torpedoes.

There are no evident countermeasures to such a weapon, its employment could put adversary naval forces as a considerable disadvantage. One such scenario is a rapid attack situation wherein a sudden detection of a threat submarine is made, perhaps at relatively short range, requiring an immediate response to achieve weapon on target and to ensure survival. Apparently guidance is a problem, and the initial version of the Shkval was unguided However, the Russians have been advertising a homing version, which runs out at very high speed, then slows to search.

A prototype of the modernised "Shkval", which was exhibited at the 1995 international armaments show in Abu Dhabi, was discarded. An improved model was designed with a conventional (non-nuclear) warhead and a guided targeting system, which substantially enhances its combat effectiveness. The first tests of the modernised Shkval torpedo were held by the Russian Pacific Fleet in the spring of 1998.

The 'Region' Scientific Production Association has developed developed an export modification of the missile, 'Shkval-E'. Russia began marketing this conventionally armed version of the Shkval high-speed underwater rocket at the IDEX 99 exhibition in Abu Dhabi in early 1999. The concept of operations for this missile requires the crew of a submarine, ship or the coast guard define the target's parameters -- speed, distance and vector -- and feeds the data to the missile's automatic pilot. The missile is fired, achieves its optimum depth and switches on its engines. The missile does not have a homing warhead and follows a computer-generated program.

At present, there are two main problems in applying supercavitation technology to submarines: one is how to extend the supercavitation time so that it can completely wrap large submarines; the other is that supercavitation requires the vehicle to sail at a faster speed, and how to control the course of a submarine with a higher speed. However, this technology seems to have made a breakthrough. In August 2014, a US marine system company developed a high-speed ship called the "Ghost". The ship uses similar supercavitation torpedo technology and has a maximum speed of 50 knots, which can track any current ship.

However, even with these problems, supercavitation technology still attracts much attention and is even considered a technology that will change the mode of maritime warfare. In recent years, some major naval countries in the world have studied how to further apply supercavitation technology to submarines and ships.In addition, various countries have also strengthened other research on supercavitation weapons. The United States has launched a comprehensive plan to develop supercavitation weapons; France is testing an airborne anti-mine supercavitation bomb. Germany cooperated with the U.S. naval research department to carry out a joint plan on the design of a new cavitation generator and the modeling of a torpedo self-guiding system, and also completed a supercavitation torpedo prototype. It is not difficult to see that the future supercavitation torpedo technology is likely to become a new naval general weapon technology.

On 05 April 2000 the Russian Federal Security Service [FSB] in Moscow arrested an American businessman, Edmond Pope, and a Russian accomplice, on charges of stealing scientific secrets. A FSB statement said it confiscated "technical drawings of various equipment, recordings of his conversations with Russian citizens relating to their work in the Russian defense industry, and receipts for American dollars received by them." Pope, a retired US Navy captain who spent much of his career working in naval intelligence, was at the time of his arrest the head of a private security firm. On 20 April 2000 the FSB revealed that Pope had been seeking plans the Shkval underwater missile. Pope was detained during an informal contact with a Russian scientist who had participated in the Shkval's creation.

The arrest of Daniel Howard Kiely, deputy head of the Applied Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University, came almost simultaneously. The laboratory led by Mr. Kiely has for many years been developing torpedoes for US warships and submarines. Professor Kiely had joined Pope in Moscow to offer technical advice and determine the tasks for Pope's further activity. Kiely was interrogated as a witness. His testimony and objects confiscated during the search proved his involvement in Pope's activities. Later the 68-year-old professor was released and allowed to return to the United States.

The objective of the High-Speed Undersea Weaponry project at the US Office of Naval Research is to develop the vehicle guidance, control and maneuvering capabilities for the quick reaction weapons. High-speed weapons could offer an advantage for Anti Submarine Warfare (ASW) "close encounter" scenarios. The overall system response of a high-speed weapon for breaking off engagements with enemy submarines would be measured in seconds, rather than minutes. The High-Speed Undersea Weapons project has three tasks; Vehicle Guidance, Vehicle Control, and Test Bed Development. Vehicle Guidance deals with homing sensors, signal processing, waveform design, and autopilot commands that are used to guide (either autonomously or with external interaction) the weapon to its target. Vehicle control deals with control and maneuvering of the high-speed weapon with emphasis on stabilizing the supercavitating bubble cavity, and optimizing the flow for low drag. Technical issues include instability due to vehicle planing and tail slap, interaction between cavity with propulsion exhaust, and propulsion system transients, including startup. Test Bed Development is an ongoing effort that develops a test platform to test and evaluate S&T candidate systems such as homing systems, vehicle control, and propulsion systems.

Works to modernize the high-speed Shkval submarine rocket are being conducted in Russia, they are included in the state armament program for 2018-2025, general director of the Tactical Missile Armament Corporation (KTRV) Boris Obnosov said 20 July 2017. "Work in this direction is under way, I think the parameters will be seriously improved," he said.

"Yes," said Obnosov, answering the question whether these works are included in the program of armaments for 2018-2025.

The armament complex with the high-speed underwater rocket "Shkval-E" is designed to defeat surface targets. The complex can be deployed on surface ships, submarines or stationary installations. The effective range of shooting is seven kilometers, the depth of the underwater launch reaches 30 meters, the mass of the missile's combat part is 210 kilograms, the caliber is 534.4 millimeters, the length is 8.2 meters, and the mass is 2700 kilograms.

For a long time, there were no analogues of the Russian hydrojet torpedo. Only in 2005 a German company presented a product under the name "Barracuda". According to representatives of the manufacturer - Diehl BGT Defense, the novelty is able to move at a slightly higher speed due to increased supercavitation. "Barracuda" has passed a series of tests, but its launch into production has not yet taken place.

In May 2014, the commander of the Iranian navy stated that his branch of service also possesses underwater torpedo weapons, which supposedly move at speeds up to 320 km/h. However, there was no further information confirming or refuting this statement.

It is also known about the presence of the American submarine missile HSUW (High-Speed ??Undersea Weapon), the principle of operation of which is based on the phenomenon of supercavitation. But this development so far exists exclusively in the project. So far, not a single foreign Navy has a ready-made analogue of Shkval in service.

References

??? https://nuke.fas.org/guide/iran/missile/hoot/index.html One of the most important torpedoes made by Iran is the Hout missile. Hoot torpedo rocket launchers are completely radar-evasive and remain hidden from enemy radars. The combat power of this missile is equal to the VA-111 Shkval missile made by Russia, and only two countries, Iran and Russia, have obtained the necessary technology to build such missiles. The average speed of this missile is 4 times that of a normal underwater torpedo. Speed is one of the most important factors that are considered in the construction of rockets; Speed is important in rockets from two angles; One of them is the preparation time for shooting, which is very important in military combat; Sometimes in wars there are situations where missiles must be ready to fire quickly; The Huot torpedo is three to four times faster than other torpedoes, this torpedo has a speed equal to 100 meters per second. The Hoot (Persian: Whale) is an Iranian supercavitation torpedo claimed to travel at approximately 360 km/h (220 mph). The Islamic Republic of Iran, which use weapons such as cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, drones, armor, anti-armor, air defense systems and fighters, have the upper hand in land and air battles, in sea battles. Also, due to the use of weapons such as surface and subsurface vessels, various types of missiles and torpedoes. Super-cavitation is a capability in the warhead of this type of torpedo, in which it forms a layer of gas around itself by producing steam bubbles that it releases from the tip of its nose and shell, thus protecting itself from direct contact with water and the considerable drag caused by it. after firing by creating a bubble around the warhead, According to IRNA's political reporter; A torpedo is a projectile explosive weapon that is fired into the water. These weapons are missiles that are launched from above or below the surface of the water and explode near the target or after hitting it, and the hard way to deal with torpedoes is that this type of weapon is among the deadliest naval weapons. Meanwhile, in 2005, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps showed that it has the fastest torpedo in the world with the demonstration of the "Haut" torpedo, which later became known as the Iranian whale-eating fish. While torpedoes cannot speed faster than 25 meters per second due to friction with water, the fish can move towards its targets at a speed of 100 meters per second. According to the information provided by the IRGC commanders, this torpedo, which is capable of firing from speedboats and submarines, can destroy surface and subsurface targets within a 15-kilometer radius with the help of its 210-kilogram warhead. The bubbling part, which is located at the beginning of the whale, creates a layer of steam around the missile to minimize the amount of friction between the Persian whale and the water and move towards its target in a layer of gas. If the Iranian whale-eating fish is released at a distance of one kilometer from the target, it can reach its target in 10 seconds, in which case hostile vessels will have no choice but to surrender. The fish, which most of the time targets the underside of surface vessels and the hull of subsurface vessels, due to its explosive power, it can single-handedly send a medium vessel such as a destroyer to the bottom of the sea, and if 2 ships of the fish Iranian whale eaters sink huge ships as well. It is also difficult for warships to predict the time and place of whale shooting because according to the announcement of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, the Iranian whale-eating fish is shot at the targets with the help of radar-evading vessels. Comparing with the Russian model, before the unveiling of the Huot, the technology of moving torpedoes among gas bubbles was only available to Russia, but the IRGC showed that it had acquired this knowledge indigenously by showing the Iranian whale-eating fish. Many of the world's media tried to introduce the Fish as a reverse engineering example of a Russian short-range torpedo called Shkval, while these 2 torpedoes are similar only in the field of bubbling and movement in gas, and in terms of the type of fuel, Range and speed are different from each other. Shkval is a liquid-fueled underwater unguided rocket that has very poor accuracy and in some cases has recorded an error of 300 meters, while Hutt uses solid fuel and destroys its targets with high accuracy. Even if it has a short range, this torpedo is a decisive weapon within 38 kilometers of the Strait of Hormuz, because if it is fired from the territorial waters of Iran, it can reach the farthest point of the water in less than 30 seconds. reach the international border in this strait and deprive the hostiles of the ability to escape and defend themselves. On the other hand, the power of Iranian torpedoes in southern Iranian waters should be seen alongside all kinds of fast and missile-launching vessels, warships, submarines, coastal cruise missiles, artillery firepower, drone operations, and the ability to fly all kinds of air force fighters. This missile can be launched from a ship or submarine at a depth of 100 meters. It leaves its launch capsule at a speed of about 50 knots (93 km/h). By sinking into the water and reaching the appropriate depth, it turns on its engine and heads towards the target. The fact is that fish can be effective in areas like the Strait of Hormuz. Iran has built most of these torpedoes for use in the Strait of Hormuz. Also, besides being fast and scary, "Hut" has been able to have the feature of evaluating the desired target more accurately than its similar missile with the proper optimization done by the efforts of the IRGC. In addition, the launchers of this missile are completely radar-evasive and remain hidden from enemy radars. The display of weapons such as all kinds of torpedoes, surface and subsurface vessels, which are completely native, shows that the power of the armed forces in the waters is completely real, and that the Islamic Republic of Iran, considering its strategic position and having the necessary weapons, is the main factor in creating stability and security in the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz and the Sea of Oman.

Valfajr Torpedo

Torpedo Walfajr is the strong fist of Iran's armed forces on the mouth of global arrogance. Iran's naval forces need to build advanced equipment to protect the country's interests, and it has met its needs by localizing the equipment. The navy is considered as the central arm of every country in the world to protect its interests in territorial and extra-territorial waters, and therefore it is always an equipment-oriented force that needs up-to-date weapons. In recent years, the navy has carried out very important missions in open and international waters in addition to the sea waters of our country, and one of these missions is fighting pirates in international waters. The task of protecting the international waters has been assigned to the 44th navy group, which consists of the Alvand destroyer and the Bushehr combat support ship, and since the middle of October 2015, in order to establish the security of the communication lines and to raise the flag of the country, it has been carrying out its mission in open and international waters. started. In order to fulfill these missions and ensure the security of the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, the army navy needs indigenous equipment and weapons that it can use in a self-sufficient and native way when needed. Of course, the IRGC Navy is also one of the pioneers of self-sufficiency in the localization of defense achievements in the country. This torpedo is one of Iran's made torpedoes, which was introduced and unveiled in the presence of then Defense Minister Sardar Hossein Dehghan, then Admiral Habibullah Sayari, then Commander of the Navy, and Admiral Rostagari, the head of the Ministry of Defense's Maritime Industries Organization. Sardar Dehghan considered having a powerful warhead, high preparation speed and quick reaction as important features of Walfajr torpedo. On October 21, 2014, the world's major media were staring at Iran to report important news from Tehran. Brigadier General Hossein Dehqan, the former Minister of Defense and Armed Forces Support, appeared in front of the cameras to announce the unveiling of a new achievement in the maritime domain, the Valfajr Torpedo. Sardar Dehghan announced other features of this torpedo as having a powerful warhead. He also announced that the high speed of preparation and its quick reaction indicate the increase in the speed of Walfajr. With capabilities such as anti-deception system, high speed and a warhead with very high destructive power, this torpedo has the ability to destroy targets and sea vessels within a few seconds. The warhead of this torpedo with a weight between 250 and 300 kg has a high destructive power and is able to destroy its targets. Speed is one of the most important factors that are considered in the construction of rockets; Speed ??is important in rockets from two angles; One of them is the preparation time for shooting, which is very important in military combat; Sometimes in wars there are situations where missiles must be ready to fire quickly; Walfajr torpedo seems to have a high speed, but so far no detailed information has been given about it, and the exact information of this torpedo is confidential, and no more information has been published about this torpedo except for a few pictures, but what can be said about this torpedo is this. Walfajr is a family of guided 553 mm torpedoes using radar and sonar. The most important feature of this type of guidance system is to increase the accuracy of the torpedo, so that if the sonar system is deceived, the radar system immediately comes into action and guides it until the moment of impact. The key features that distinguish the Walfajr torpedo from other similar products in the world are the short preparation time in support units and firing units. This feature greatly increases the tactical power, speed of action and quick reaction of the surface and sub-surface combat units of the navy, army and IRGC. Currently, this torpedo is used in various exercises of the Iranian armed forces in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. On March 1, 2017, Rashatoudi news site wrote in an article about Valfajr torpedo that Iran has succeeded in testing its first indigenous torpedo named Valfajr. This torpedo was fired from a Qadir class submarine during the Velayat 95 exercise in the Persian Gulf and destroyed a vessel in the waters of the Persian Gulf. One of the strategic naval weapons whose presence can change the equations of the battle scene is "torpedoes". "Torpedo" is a type of missile that is fired from the surface or subsurface of the water and travels through the water until hitting the target. In this regard, the Islamic Revolution Documentation Center is conducting an expert review of 4 Iranian torpedoes named "Hout", "553", "TEST-71" and "Walfajr". Monday, October 27, 2014 - 15:57 Islamic Revolution Documentary Center database, "The source of future threats is the sea base"; This is a sentence that has been heard many times from the commanders of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The strategic area of the Persian Gulf has long been the location of trans-regional powers led by America, in such a way that aircraft carriers and foreign warships have a permanent presence in this water area. In such a situation, where the country is always facing the threat of the presence of foreigners in the region, the need to develop and build strategic weapons, especially in the maritime domain, is evident. In recent years, due to the effective presence of the Islamic Republic of Iran in international and open waters, a great investment has been made in the field of naval weapons. So that today all kinds of warships, coast-to-sea cruise missiles, flying boats and other weapons are at the disposal of the naval forces of the IRGC and the army. One of the strategic naval weapons whose presence can change the equations of the battle scene is "torpedoes". "Torpedo" is a type of missile that is fired from the surface or subsurface of the water and travels through the water until hitting the target. Since it is impossible or very difficult to deal with torpedoes, this type of weapon is considered among the deadliest naval weapons. The Walfajr advanced torpedo production line was unveiled at the Marine Industries Organization. For this purpose, in addition to the technical and specialized review of the "Walfajr Torpedo", the Islamic Revolution Documentation Center examines the technical and specialized history of the production of torpedoes in Iran. 1- Torpedo "Pisces" In 1985, during the Great Prophet exercise of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, an image of Iran was broadcast to the world, which astonished all the experts and observers of the world, and that was the news of the shooting of the "Whale Torpedo" in the Persian Gulf. This news was very remarkable because the Huot torpedo is the fastest torpedo in the world at that time and even now. "Pisces" is an Iranian torpedo whose speed in water reaches 100 meters per second. The weight of the explosives in its warhead is 210 kilograms and its engine uses solid fuel. "Hut" also has the ability to shoot from speedboats and submarines and can destroy surface and subsurface targets within a radius of 15 kilometers. What makes a whale hound on the battlefield is its high speed, which practically does not allow the target vessel to escape and is doomed to destruction. The bubble system that is located in the first part of the fish also makes the missile travel in a layer of air and has the least contact with water. 2- Torpedo "533" Another torpedo that is used in the Navy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is "Torpedo 553" which is fired from Kilo class submarines. The number 553 indicates the diameter of the torpedo, which is 553 mm. The range of this torpedo in different models is between 18 and 22 kilometers, and it uses a 300-kilogram high-explosive warhead, which is used to destroy large targets. The speed of Torpedo 553 is less compared to its Iranian counterpart, "Hut", so that its navigation speed reaches 22 meters per second at its maximum, but due to the weight of the warhead, its destruction power is greater. It should also be noted that Kilo-class submarines are capable of carrying 18 rounds of 553 torpedoes, 6 of which are ready to fire and 12 of which are in the storage compartment. 3- Torpedo " TEST-71 " The third torpedo available in the Navy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the TEST-71 torpedo , which is one of the most accurate torpedoes in the world. The reason for its high accuracy is the use of two "sonar" and "television" guidance systems. Sonar is a type of tracking system in which the position of the target is determined by emitting sound waves and receiving the reflection of these waves. This 1800 kg torpedo has a 205 kg high explosive warhead. Its maximum speed is 20 meters per second, its range is 20 kilometers, and its engagement depth is 500 meters. This model is used in Kilo class submarines. 4- "Walfajr Advanced Torpedo" The latest achievement of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of torpedoes is the "Advanced Valfajr Torpedo", which was unveiled in the presence of the Minister of Defense and Commander Nadaja in the Maritime Industries Organization. Regarding this torpedo, no more information has been published except for a few pictures, but what can be said is that "Walfajr" belongs to the family of 553 mm torpedoes, which are guided by radar and sonar. This guidance system increases the accuracy of the torpedo, so that if the sonar system is deceived, the radar system immediately comes into action and guides it until the moment of impact. As Defense Minister Sardar Dehghan said, this torpedo has a high explosive warhead. According to the pictures published by Walfajr, it seems that the warhead of this torpedo weighs between 250 and 300 kilograms, which increases its destruction. Also, another prominent point that the Minister of Defense has announced is the speed of preparation of this torpedo and its quick reaction, which indicates the increase in the speed of the attack. In any case, by putting together the defense minister's statements, it can be concluded that Walfajr is a torpedo with a large warhead and high speed, which are two very important factors for a subsurface weapon. It seems that the subsurface fleet of the country, including the Kilo-class submarines and the native Ghadir submarines, will use the deadly Walfajr torpedo from now on. China continues to modernize its military capabilities a Chinese military publication report that the country's submarine Force now comprises both nuclear powered and conventional submarines, A new torpedo project is allowing the conventional submarines to paralyze enemy aircraft carriers. A video of Type 039b submarine targeting and sinking a ship with a Yu-10 torpedo exercises held to mark 70 years of the PLA Navy submarine Force on 01 August 2024 emerged on social media. Ssubmarine officer Wen shuing said during the event "we have achieved breakthroughs in Sea Trials of both torpedo and missile strikes". The Chinese developed Yu-10 entered service in 2015. It is equipped with an advanced wake homing technology which uses is the wake generated by the target vessel to correct the torpedoe's orientation to better track and effectively strike moving targets. It significantly improves the responsiveness and accuracy of the torpedo. Also it make it makes it more resistance to jamming. The Yu-10 torpedo is estimated to have a range of at least 50 km which is about 31 miles.



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