Severnoye Design Bureau - Late Cold War
Third generation warships (1974 - 1991)
By the mid 70s. The Bureau has accumulated a wealth of experience in designing large surface ships of almost all subclasses. This coincided with the need of the Soviet Navy to have ships of the ocean zone not only not inferior to foreign analogues, but also superior to them. By this time, the Bureau’s specialists had completed the development of the technical projects of the ships, which for a long time formed the basis of the Russian Navy.
On March 26, 1973, a heavy nuclear missile cruiser project 1144 "Orlan" (chief designer B. I. Kupensky) was laid out. It received the name "Kirov" in honor of the famous veteran cruiser built before the Great Patriotic War according to the project 26 . The Red Banner flag of the first "Kirov" passed to a new atomic ship. The launch of the cruiser took place on December 27, 1977, the acceptance certificate was signed on December 30, 1980. At TARKR project 1144 for the first time in the domestic surface shipbuilding, an atomic power plant was used.
In total, under the project 1144 and the modernized 1144.2 , 4 heavy nuclear missile cruisers were built. The last ship of the TARKR “Peter the Great” series of ships (PR.11442) is today the flagship of the Northern Fleet.
In 1971, under the leadership of Chief Designer V.F. Anikiev (in 1974 he was replaced by I.I. Rubis) the design of a new squadron destroyer of Project 956 “Sarych” began.
The Bureau was tasked with creating a new generation of destroyers, who, along with missiles, had powerful artillery weapons and capable, both independently and in ship groups, to destroy enemy surface ships and air attack weapons, and also provide fire support to the coastal flank of the ground forces.
As a result, a ship was created with an anti-ship missile system, anti-aircraft missile systems, 130-mm artillery mounts and a helicopter. The lead ship "Sovremennaya" was laid down on March 3, 1976 and transferred to the fleet on December 25, 1980. A series of 17 ships was built under this project.
In 1972, a decision was made to develop a TTZ for a new ship - the Atlant 1164 missile cruiser - the development of the project 1134B (chief designer AK Perkov, later - V. Mutykhin). The main tasks of the ship were to impart combat stability to the forces of the fleet in remote areas of the seas and oceans and to destroy enemy carrier strike formations.
The cruiser was laid down on October 4, 1976, the acceptance certificate was signed on December 28, 1982. A new anti-ship complex “Basalt” was installed on the ship, as well as the S-300F air defense missile system with vertical launch of missiles deployed in revolver-type launchers.
The domestic destroyer of Project 956, in comparison with the United States EM, Spruance significantly won in solving impact tasks and air defense tasks, but was inferior in PLO. In connection with this, Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy S.G. Gorshkov decided to create a naval system of 2 ships - EM project 956 and BOD project 1155 , designed as a development of the TFR project 1135 . As part of the connection, these two ships had to act together.
The lead ship of Project 1155, the “Desert”, was transferred to the fleet in 1980. A total of 12 ships were built under this project, 8 in Kaliningrad and 4 in Leningrad. Ships of this project were equipped with AGAK "Polynom", which provided the detection of submarines in the far zone of acoustic illumination and gave target designation to the anti-submarine complex "Metel". A new combat information system was installed on the project, providing a more complete visibility of the situation and speed of control, the Dagger air defense system with vertical missile launch, and also hangars for two anti-submarine helicopters.
In 1983, the technical design of the enhanced version of the project 1155 , which received the number 11551 , was developed and in 1987 refined . This ship combined powerful attack and anti-submarine weapons. However, in connection with the replacement of SJSC Polynom with the more advanced complex Zvezda-2, the deadlines for developing the documentation and construction of the ship were shifted. As a result, in the nineties there was an opportunity to complete only one of the two ships. They became the BOD "Admiral Chabanenko" , which became part of the fleet in 1999.
Since 1957, ships designed in the Northern PKB have been delivered to Bulgaria, Poland, the GDR, the United Arab Republic, Indonesia, Finland and the PRC. Among them are the destroyers Pr. 30bis, (30BA, 30BK), 31 and 56A, and also the TFR pr. 50. At the same time, part of the patrol ships was built in the PRC with technical assistance from the Central Design Bureau – 53.
Of particular note is the cooperation with the Republic of India. There is no exaggeration of the thesis that the creation of the Navy of India is the merit of the specialists of the Northern PKB.
In 1974-1976, the Northern PKB on the basis of the native 61M Project, developed a project of the 61ME frigate (chief designer A.Shishkin ). The lead frigate of the series, the Rajput , was handed over to the customer in 1980, and the last in 1987. For the first time in the practice of domestic shipbuilding, ships with a displacement of about 5,000 tons were built for export. The construction of five ships of this project was carried out at the plant. 61 Communards (Nikolaev). Ships of the 61ME project have been part of the Indian Navy for three decades. They got the practical experience of serving hundreds of Indian officers. The ships were modernized, consisting in equipping them with the Indo-Russian anti-ship complex “BrahMos”, as well as modern ZPKs.
At the request of the Indian government, the Northern PKB, together with representatives of the Navy, at one time determined the composition of Soviet-made weapons and military equipment for installation on ships designed in India. With the technical assistance of the Russian side, the ships 15, 15A, 16, 16A, 25 and 25A were built and handed over to the fleet at the shipyards of the customer.
Since 1999, the Northern PKB provided technical assistance in the design by Indian experts of the ship of project 17. 17. The transfer of the lead ship "Shivalik" to the Indian Navy took place on April 21, 2010. Frigates of this type became the main ships of the Indian Navy in the first half of the 21st century.
In the late 1990s, technical documentation was developed for a new frigate (project 11356, chief designer VA Perevalov) for the Indian fleet. In 2003-2004 and in 2012-2013 Two series of three ships in each transferred to Indian sailors.
In 1999, the Navy of the Republic of Vietnam was transferred to the patrol patrol ship of PS-500 Project. (chief designer VI Mutyhin). In the 90s of the last century, in an extremely difficult time for the country, these orders played a huge role not only for the Bureau, but also for the shipbuilding industry in Russia as a whole, allowing us to retain qualified engineering and working personnel. The main merit in this belongs to Vladimir Evgenievich Yukhnin, who at that time occupied the post of chief and chief designer of the Northern PKB.
Created by experts of the Northern PKB and the basis of the PLA Navy. In the late 1980s, China’s naval doctrine began to be developed. At that time, China needed modern technologies that it did not possess. This also applied to naval equipment. In 1999-2000 the PRC was transferred to two EM pr. 956, modified according to pr. 956E (chief designer I.I. Rubis, and then VP Mishin). The first ship made an unprecedented transition of 13 seas and 3 oceans, while all the equipment behaved immaculately. According to the results of successful cooperation in January 2002, a new contract was concluded for the supply of two more EMs of Project 956EM (chief designer VP Mishin). The ships were built and transferred to the Chinese Navy in 2005 and 2006.
In 2001, at the end of February, a contract was signed for the provision of technical assistance for the installation of armament complexes and equipment on Chinese destroyers, Project 052B. The topic is called "968" A large number of systems installed on ships of the project 956 were used on ships, in connection with this in the west it was dubbed the “Chinese Modern”. Collaboration on Theme 968 was completed in 2005. The ship of the project. 052B became a platform for the design of the already Chinese EM project 052C.
In April 2002, an Intergovernmental Agreement and a contract for the provision of technical assistance for the installation of Russian equipment on Chinese destroyers pr. 051C (“Topic 988”) were signed.
"Subject 968" and "Subject 988" were conducted in the Bureau under the direction of V.I. Golaka. In 2004-2005 by order of Kazakhstan, the Bureau has developed a supply boat project (project 22180, chief designer A.Yu. Naumov), designed to deliver cargo and personnel to the drilling platforms of the Caspian Sea. Today, the Northern PKB objectively occupies a leading position in the global market of naval equipment. The demand for the projects of the Special Design Bureau is based on the rich experience that has been accumulated over the years of the Bureau’s existence and is now being successfully implemented in a number of domestic orders and export projects.
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