Severnoye Design Bureau - Early Cold War
Warships of the first postwar decade (1946 - 1956)
The first post-war ship was an EM project 30 bis . The technical design materials and working drawings of this EM were developed under the supervision of the chief designer A.L. Fisher The lead ship was laid down on May 16, 1948, it received the name “Brave” and was accepted into the Navy on December 21, 1949. Later on, the largest series of ships of this class, consisting of 70 units, was built on this project.
In fact, the first genuine EM project in the Bureau should be considered project 41 , the TTZ for which development was approved on July 14, 1947. VA was appointed chief designer of the project. Nikitin - an outstanding Soviet shipbuilder, who made a great contribution to the construction of the domestic fleet.
January 29, 1952 destroyer pr. 41, received the name "Fearless" went to the factory running tests. In technical terms, it was a fundamentally new ship. He was radically distinguished from previous projects by the presence of a two-shaft power plant, located in two independent compartments, forming echelons consisting of a GTZA and two GK with all the servicing mechanisms.
The next project of the Bureau was the EM project 56 , which was a “reduced” version of the project 41 (displacement decreased by about 400 tons). Designer destroyer headed by A.L. Fisher August 27, 1954 EM went to sea trials and a year later was presented to the State Admissions Committee. For this destroyer, the following TTEs were approved: the total displacement of 3,230 tons, the full speed of 38.5 knots. August 27, 1954 EM went to sea trials and a year later was presented to the State Admissions Committee.
First-generation warships (1956 - 1966)
The accumulated experience of post-war design and construction of ships, as well as scientific and technical progress in the field of creating new military equipment, allowed the Bureau’s specialists to start developing qualitatively new ships with great combat power and high technical characteristics.
During this period in the USSR for the first time ships with rocket weapons were created, which had not been installed on surface ships before. Ships of projects 58 and 57 bis were originally called destroyers with jet weapons, and Project 61 were called patrol ships of anti-aircraft defense. Subsequently, projects 58 and 61 , as well as their development — project 1134 formed new classes of ships — the class of missile cruisers and the class of large anti-submarine ships.
For the first time in domestic shipbuilding, in accordance with the initial design, a destroyer weapon complex consisting of two launchers with anti-ship missiles was deployed on the destroyers of the project 57 bis (chief designer OF Jacob).
In 1962, the fleet was handed over to the cruiser of the project 58 "Grozny" (Chief Designer V.A. Nikitin), on which for the first time in world practice an anti-ship and anti-aircraft missile weapons were simultaneously installed, and also a landing pad was provided for the required amount of jet fuel for refueling.
For the first time in the world, a large-capacity gas turbine installation was installed on the designed large anti-submarine ships of the Project 61 . The ship was designed under the guidance of the chief designer B.I. Kupensky. The lead ship , the Komsomolets of Ukraine, was laid down on September 15, 1959 and presented for state tests on October 15, 1962.
On ships of the first generation, special attention was paid to improving the seaworthiness of ships in stormy conditions and to ensuring the possibility of using ship weapons in these conditions. In fact, the ships of the first generation determined the principal directions for the further development of domestic military shipbuilding.
Second-generation warships (1966 - 1974)
Thanks to the scientific and technical potential accumulated during the second post-war decade, in the second half of 1960, the Bureau began to create surface ships of the new, second generation, with more advanced weapons.
The orientation of the surface forces of the domestic fleet to the fight against enemy nuclear submarines led to the further development of the new subclass - large anti-submarine ships. Their main purpose was the fight against nuclear submarines in remote areas of the ocean, as well as the provision of air defense and air defense systems of ship groups and convoys. The ships of projects 1134A and 1134B were assigned to this subclass.
The ships of projects 1134A (chief designer VA Anikiev) and 1134B (chief designer AK Perkov) were a further development of the project 1134 in the anti-submarine variant, in relation to the capabilities of the plants to them. A.A. Zhdanov - in Leningrad and them. 61 Communards - in Nikolaev.
Due to the limited capabilities of the industry for the construction of BOD and their relatively high cost, a project of a watchdog PLC was developed. It was intended in addition to the BOD, was less in displacement and cost. Unlike previous artillery TFR, this ship could independently fight with submarines in the near zone, as well as participate in anti-submarine operations in remote areas. Work on the project, received the cipher "Petrel" and the number 1135 were conducted under the direction of chief designer N.P. Sobolev. In this project, a large number of technical innovations were applied: the original gas turbine unit with a marching gearbox to operate two propeller shafts from a single main engine, a bow bullet fairing to accommodate the new hydroacoustic station (GAS), a lifting and lowering device for the towed GAS antenna and much more.
As a result, having almost half the displacement, the TFR of the project 1135 retained the same anti-submarine weapons as the BOD of projects 1134A and 1134B, albeit with a smaller ammunition.
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