IS-1 / IS-85 Heavy Tank (Object 237) - Design
IS-85 design was classic, with slight changes borrowed from KV. The control room is located at the front of the car, and, in addition to the driver's workplace, it housed two fuel tank, tank control drives, control devices, two cylinders with compressed air, central fuel crane, manual fuel pump, button electric machine gun. Behind the driver's seat there was an emergency hatch in the bottom. The combat unit was located at the control room and occupied the middle part of the tank hull. In here the rest of the crew - the commander (left), the gunner (right) and the charger, as well as the exchange machine gun, the bulk of the ammunition, batteries, heaters. Above the combat unit on the a two-row ball support was installed turret, which housed a gun and two machine guns, sights and surveillance devices, part of the ammunition, turret rotation mechanisms, a combat compartment fan.
Ahead the tank commander's seat on the turret's support was a box with signal missiles for the SPS-43 signal pistol, which was fortified on the wall warheads in the niche of the turret on the left side. On the left wall of the turret next to the the tank commander's seat was set up by a radio station, next to which The telegraph key bracket and bag with pads and switch were attached. On the bottom of the combat compartment were the thrusts of the tank control drives. Motor the unit went behind the combat through the partition. In the middle of it on brackets the engine was installed. On both sides of it, on the sides, were: on the right - fuel, on the left - oil tanks, above them - oil radiators, and in front of the motor room, on the sides, - air purifiers. The transmission compartment was located in the stern part of the tank. In it housed the main friction, centrifugal fan, gearbox, "A HREF"../../abbr.shtml.PMP""s PPP and on-board transmissions. In the partition between the motor and transmission compartments, over the fan, installed water radiators.
The hull of the IS-85 was a rigid armored weldbox from cast and rolled armor. Cast body parts - nasal part and bouncy Box. Bottom, sides, stern and roof of the hull - rolled. In the top frontal sheet the driver's watch hole was mounted. At the front of the roof there were two periscope observation devices designed for observation of the area at the closed hatch-cork. Access was only possible through the manholes of the turret. It was in the box. the turdny belt to which the lower ridge of the turret was attached. Advanced the location of this belt ruled out the possibility of jamming it. To the bottom vertical on-board hull sheets on both sides were welded six brackets of torsion shafts, six stops to limit the course of support rinks, three bonks for fixing the supporting rinks and two bonks for mud cleaners, heronands and a stopper to install the tension mechanism. In the back Parts of the hull were fastened by the carter of the onboard transmission. The hull's feed consisted of three sloping sheets - top, middle and lower. At the same time, the middle sheet was made folding on loops, the top was removable, and the bottom was welded to sideand and bottom of the enclosure.
The turret of the a tank had a weight of about 4,700 kg, was cast of high-hard armored steel, the sides and feed sat 100 mm thick had oval streamlined shape. The roof of the turret consisted of two welded among themselves 40 mm thick sheets in the joint and welded to the hull of the turret. Front sheet had a slight angle of inclination forward. Two holes in the upper front sloping the turret sheet was intended to install an armored cap of periscope SIGHT OF PT4-15 and armored cover periscope observation device. Between the sight and the periscope to the roof was welded spherical cap ventilation hatch. To send signals to the crew (rockets or flags) at the enclosed manholes at the back of the roof of the turret there was a hole for alarm, which was covered with a folding armored lid on the loop and locked lock from inside the tank.
There was an ambrasura in the front of the turret, which was closed outside with a movable reservation with three holes: cannon, paired with her machine gun, positioned to the right of the cannon, and telescopic sight - to the left of the cannon. In the stern part of the turret on the left side was the tide in which the ball support of the rear Machine gun. There was one one to fire personal weapons on the sides of the turret hole, closed by armored cork. Above the commander's workplace tank on the roof was welded a cast command turret with an entrance hatch, closed with a double-barrelled armored lid, and six viewing slits with triplashes around its perimeter, with thick sloping and vertical walls 60... 100 mm. In one of the doors of the turret's entrance hatch MK-IV periscope observation deck was installed. Ahead of the commander turrets in the roof was a hole for the radio station's antenna input, covered with an armored glass. To the right of the command turret there was a hatch (charging) for the landing and disembarkation of the crew. The armored manhole cover was locked with two locks, the ends of which were out of the roof. To reduce the effort when opening the charging manhole cover and cushioning the impacts, a torsion roller was inserted into its loop.
To observe the charger behind the battlefield in front of his workplace was installed the second periscope observation device MK-IV. The diameter of the turret's support was 1800 mm. The turret was rotated electrical turning mechanism or manually. When powered the maximum turn speed of the turret reached 2.4 rpm. There were five welded burrows for the installation and dismantling of the turret and the armoring of the cannon. Outside, handrails for tank amphibious assault were welded on the sides of the top of the turret.
The armament of the tank consisted of an 85 mm tank gun. D-5T-85 and three 7.62 mm DT machine guns, one of which was paired with a cannon, the second - mounted in a ball installation in the stern part of the turret, the third - the machine gun was rigidly fixed parallel to the axis of the tank in the the body of the pipe. Wedge Shutter with semi-automatics and lifting mechanism borrowed from 76.2 mm F-34 cannons. Anti-recoil devices consisting of hydraulic brake rollback and hydropneumatic roll-up, were located inside turret above the trunk (on the right side - a rollback, on the left - the brake rollback), that reduced the height of the line of fire (1965 mm) and ensured maximum convenience for loading.
The shot from the cannon was fired by electric descent, the button of which was on the the handle of the lifting mechanism. In addition to the electric descent by design There was also a backup manual (mechanical) descent.
To fire a direct tip from a D-5T cannon and a machine gun paired with it 10T-15 tank telescopic sight and tank periscope sight PT4-15 were used. The sight of 10T-15 was mounted on the left side of the gun and fastened at two points. The tank periscope panoramic sight of PT4-15 was used by the gunner as a shooting, and for circular observation of the battlefield, orienteering and horizontal marks when shooting from closed firing positions. This sight with the help of the drive was connected to the swinging part of the cannon, which provided the same angle of tilt of the axis gun barrel channel and optical scope axis when the lifting mechanism works. A side level was used in shooting from closed firing positions. On the stern The machine gun was envisaged to install a sniper optical sight of the type OF PU.
The IS-85 carried 59 rounds (regular unitary cartridges 85 mm 52-K anti-aircraft gun of 1939 as part of the following elements: projectile With equipment Head or bottom fuze; A warhead in the casing; brass casings; capsule sleeves), 2520 ammunition to machine guns, 25 F-1 hand grenades and 30 flares. Shots stacked in the turret, in the hull behind the front fuel tanks, in the turret box and in boxes on the bottom of the combat compartment. Shot with an armor-piercing projectile was shorter than the shot with a shrapnel-remote (blasting) grenade at 60 mm.
The engine of the tank was a 12-cylinder multi-fuel V-shaped compressor diesel B-2IS (B-2-10) liquid 38,880 cc, 520 hp at 2000 rpm. The diameter of the cylinder is 150 mm. The course of the pistons of the left group is 180 mm, the right - 186.7 mm. The cylinders were positioned V-shaped at a 60-degree angle. Compression degree 14... 15. The engine weighs 1000 kg. Fuel - diesel, dT or gasoil brand "E" OST 8842. The total capacity of the three fuel tanks was 520 litres. in three outdoor tanks not connected to the power system. Fuel supply forced, with the help of a twelve-plunge nk-1 fuel pump. The lubricant system is circulating, under pressure. The oil was circulated geared three-section oil pump (one pumping section, two pumping). A circulation tank was built into the lubricant tank tank, providing a quick warming of the oil in the circulation circuit and the possibility of use the method of liquefaction of oil with gasoline.
The cooling system was liquid, closed, with forced circulation. Radiators - two, plate-tube, horseshoe-shaped over the centrifugal fan. For heating the coolant to the system were connected to two tank of calories thermosiphon heating devices. The tank was heated by kerogazs. For purification of the air entering the engine cylinders, two VT-5 multicyclone-type air purifier. Into the heads of air purifiers injectors and saking candles were built in to heat the air being sucked in. Winter. The engine was launched by an inertial starter, which had a manual and electric drive, or using compressed air cylinders. Exhaust The engine tubes were located on the roof.
The transmission consisted of a multi-disc main friction dry friction and on-board transmissions. Transmission was four-way, eight-speed, with a demultiplier. It was fastened to body at one point in front, and the rear supports were the bearing discs on-board transmissions. In addition, the control drives were supplemented by a servo mechanism and the brake control bridge. Turning mechanisms are two-stage, planetary, with blocking frictions, are located at the ends of the main "A HREF"../../abbr.shtml On-board transmissions - two-stage, planetary near. Connecting turn mechanisms with on-board transmissions was carried out with the help of a jagged clutch of a semi-rigid compound.
The tracks ["Walking part"] consisted of six twin cast supporting rinks with internal depreciation 550 mm in diameter and three supporting rinks. Suspension of support rinks - individual torsion. The rear-end rear wheels had two removable jagged crowns of 14 teeth each. The snag is a snout. Design the leading wheels allowed their unlocking with on-board transmissions. Guides wheels - cast, with a crank mechanism of stretching caterpillars. The caterpillars are steel, small-chain, of 86 single-crested trucks each. Trucks stamped, 610 mm wide, 162 mm.
Electroequipment was performed on a single-wire Schema. Voltage 24 and 12 W. Sources: GT-4563A generator with a capacity of 1 KV, Two 6-CTE-128 batteries with a capacity of 128 AH each. Consumers: SA-189 electric motor inertial starter with 0.88 kW, electric motor turret turning, radio station and TPU, fan electric motor, control appliances, lamp lighting scales and crosshairs, sound devices alarms, internal and external lighting equipment, electric descents guns and machine guns. IS-85 was equipped with a transmitting simplex 10P or 10Rk telephone and internal negotiators TPU-4-bisF device for four subscribers.
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