Base for Storage and Repair of Weapons and Military Equipment (BHiRVT)
The Russian Defense Ministry planned to reform the current bases for storing material resources of the Armed Forces by 2020. To simplify army logistics and reduce maintenance costs, instead of 330 current bases and warehouses, 24 large transshipment and logistics complexes will be created in the country. According to the standards of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the storage of weapons and military equipment can be short-term (up to one year) and long-term (over a year). Short-term storage contains the property of the current allowance, long-term storage - the property of the emergency reserve.
Many Bases for Storage and Repair of Weapons and Military Equipment (BHiRVT - baza dla chranenia yi remonta vooruzheniya yi voennoy techniques) that deploy combined arms divisions and brigades are deployed in one military camp in peacetime and, when they are mobilized, up to 14,000 assigned personnel and up to 1,200 vehicles are received. The placement of personnel and equipment in such conditions is one of the most important problems of logistic support.
To accommodate personnel, the entire available barracks and housing, service and training resource is used. In addition, the following can be used for accommodation: district and divisional training centers; military camps handed over by military units that were mobilized and left for their intended purpose; residential and non-residential premises of various forms of ownership, transferred by decisions of executive authorities and local self-government; specially built and adapted premises (barracks, sheds, storage facilities). Part of the logistics equipment and stocks of materiel may be temporarily kept at specially equipped sites near the military camp.
In the deployment of the group of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, about 100 formations, units and institutions were deployed. More than 50,000 officers, sergeants and soldiers were called up from the reserve to staff the troops, about 8 thousand vehicles and other equipment were submitted. At the same time, it should be noted that the rear units and subunits were deployed last, and some already during the beginning of the introduction of troops.
There were no mobilization measures of similar scale in the post-war period. They revealed a number of serious shortcomings in the activities of local authorities, heads of enterprises, farms, military commissariats and military units. So, in the first days of mobilization, neither military registration and enlistment offices nor military units paid attention to the quality of the resources supplied to the units. Everyone was sure that a routine check was underway, which would end as soon as the units reported on the completion of the recruitment. After the arrival of the operational group of the Ministry of Defense and orientation in general terms of the relevant commanders and military commissars about the possible fulfillment of combat missions, the situation changed.
In June 2016, as part of a Southern Military District sudden check of the combat and mobilization readiness of military command and control bodies and bases for the storage and repair of weapons and military equipment, reservists made control marches on equipment removed from storage. The units, staffed by reservists, make marches with a total length of more than 300 km to the designated areas, where, as part of the units, they will work out issues of fire and tactical training and conduct combat coordination.
Also, during the sudden check, the reservists themselves had to set up a field camp, consisting of tents for personnel accommodation, a field food and cooking station, a medical station, a field bath and a laundry. At the end of the activities carried out as part of the inspection, each reserve serviceman will be given an assessment, and some will be awarded regular military ranks. Also, some reservists will be assigned to higher positions in the reserve. During the sudden inspection at the bases for the storage and repair of weapons and military equipment, 100% of the equipment and weapons were checked for serviceability and correct storage, some of the equipment will be checked during marches.
Trent Telenko, a retired Pentagon staff specialist and military history blogger, suggested one reason for Russian logistics and sustainment problems in 2022 in Ukraine may be Russia's tires. This was illustrated by photos of deserted Russian Pantsir-S1 wheeled gun-missile systems, and Telenko's own experience as a U.S. Army vehicle auditor. "When you leave military truck tires in one place for months on end," the sidewalls get brittle in the sun and fail like the tires on the Pantsir-SR, he wrote. "No one exercised that vehicle for one year."
Karl Muth, an economist, government adviser, and self-described "tire expert," agreed with Telenko and added some details about the tires March 3, 2022. "Those aren't Soviet-era heavy truck radials. Chinese military tires, and I believe specifically the Yellow Sea YS20. This is a tire I first encountered in Somalia and Sudan; it's a bad Chinese copy of the excellent Michelin XZL military tire design."
"There is a huge operational level implication in this," Telenko said. "If the Russian Army was too corrupt to exercise a Pantsir-S1, they were too corrupt to exercise the trucks and wheeled [armored fighting vehicles] now in Ukraine".
Armament and equipment storage bases occupy a significant place in the Ground Forces. They are designed to store weapons, military equipment and stocks of materiel, to organize and conduct training camps and planned training of assigned personnel, to mobilize and combat coordination of combined arms formations and units deployed on their basis.
Depending on the purpose, tasks, conditions of deployment, BKhVT can have different organizational and staff structures. As a rule, the degree of staffing of the base for storing weapons and equipment in relation to the staff of the motorized rifle (tank, artillery) division deployed on its basis is: 3-4% of personnel, 100% of weapons and military equipment, 100% of stocks of materiel, automobile technology - 20-40%. It is allowed to keep up to 25% of the established stocks of weapons, military equipment and materiel in warehouses (bases) of the military district, army. Organizationally, the storage base for weapons and equipment consists of management, main units (combat and combat support) and support units.
Storage of weapons and military equipment includes: special training (conservation); maintenance during storage; checking the condition and testing of machines: re-preservation; replacement (refreshment) of tires, batteries, fuel, lubricants and other operating materials with a limited service life. New machines, as well as machines after major and medium repairs, are put into storage after running in. Vehicles with installed weapons, special equipment, mobile vehicles for repair and maintenance of automotive equipment (workshops) are stored without running in the chassis, which is carried out at the plant before the installation of special equipment or weapons. Non-volatile property may be held in light, medium, hard and, as an exception, very hard storage categories.
The specific number and purpose of storage groups within each department are determined based on the organizational structure of the regiment formed by it. So, for example, the motorized rifle storage department, which forms a motorized rifle regiment, includes 3 motorized rifle, tank, 1-2 artillery and anti-aircraft groups, warehouses and a security and maintenance platoon. Other storage departments have a similar structure.
In addition to storage departments, in relation to the organization of a motorized rifle division, storage groups and departments are provided, on the basis of which separate battalions and companies are formed, respectively. In the structure of the BKhVT of the motorized rifle division there is a security and maintenance battalion, consisting of three storage and maintenance companies, a platoon of material support and a joint battery repair shop. The companies consist of routine maintenance platoons, security platoons and platoons for the storage and maintenance of weapons, equipment and materiel, and other subunits.
The material support platoon is designed to perform work to ensure the daily life and activities of the base. It includes: current supply warehouses, a bathhouse, an automobile department, a clothing repair shop, a dining room. The united warehouse stores emergency stocks of material assets, laid down for maintenance in the divisional warehouse. The warehouses of the storage departments contain emergency supplies for the formation of regiments, as well as for attached units.
For automotive equipment stored at the base and coming from enterprises and citizens, untouchable stocks of automotive property are created. Acid and alkaline batteries are stored separately, usually in a joint battery repair shop. To ensure the maintenance of equipment, it is allowed to keep up to 5% of the batteries brought into working condition from their wartime needs.
Stocks of fuel and lubricants are created and maintained in BKhVT in accordance with established standards. At the same time, based on the availability of containers and the location of warehouses, they can be stored both in a joint warehouse and in warehouses of departments of the storage base. The fuel tanks of cars with carburetor engines are kept empty, and their internal surfaces are washed and treated with conservation oil. The fuel tanks of vehicles with diesel engines are kept filled.
Storage of untouchable food stocks is carried out, as a rule, in the warehouses of departments or in a joint warehouse. In the latter case, food is stored arranged in departments (groups) in readiness for quick distribution and loading into vehicles. The clothing property is stored according to the nomenclature, heights and sizes, years of manufacture, in factory packaging, on which the names, sizes, heights, year of manufacture and quantity of the property are marked. Clothing items intended for the personnel of the organizational core must be stored separately in specially equipped rooms.
In the existing BKhVT, a certain experience has been gained in the most optimal transfer of them from peacetime to wartime. In most cases, on the first or second day, the division control is deployed and all servicemen are admitted to the organizational core.
The composition of the organizational core includes: personnel of the cadre; the required number of assigned citizens and equipment to perform priority work. The composition and strength of the organizational core of the bases for storing weapons and equipment is determined by the decision of the commander of the military district, taking into account the areas, places and conditions of deployment, the importance of the tasks facing the connection, and can be up to 15-20% of the wartime regular strength.
For 3-5 days, classes are held with the governing bodies, officers and personnel of the organizational core, the preparation of the base for receiving, equipping, accommodating and feeding the main replenishment, removing weapons and equipment from storage, preparing stocks of materiel for issuance to units. On the 5-7th day, units of combat and logistics support and one of the regiments are mobilized.
On the 6-7th day, the reception of the main replenishment to the remaining units and subunits begins. With this method of mobilization, the solution of the problem of equipping personnel is greatly simplified, especially in winter, since it becomes possible to use the same premises in the interests of several units.
Therefore, the number and composition of points for the reception of personnel and equipment is determined by the decision of the commander (chief of the BKhVT) and will depend on the timing of readiness, deployment conditions and the availability of forces and means. The main content of the work of the rear of the BKhVT in peacetime is the solution of the main task - maintaining constant readiness for the transfer from peacetime to wartime of units (subdivisions) of the rear and logistics support for the mobilization of units and subunits.
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