Project 705 Lira / Alfa class - Development
Project 705 originated in a 1957 requirement for a 1500 ton "interceptor" submarine capable of a speed of 40 knots that would sortie to attack American aircraft carriers. Using a titanium alloy allowed the thickness and weight of the hull to be reduced, producing a remarkably small, very fast submarine.
In 1958, SKB-143 was headed by VI Dubovichenko. The new head of the Bureau proposed to Academician AP Alexandrov to hold a meeting with the senior engineering staff, to call upon creative thinking for further work on new projects of nuclear submarines. This meeting took place in June 1959, attended by Academician VA Trapeznikov (at the time - the director of the Institute of Automation and remote control). AB Petrov and his group were "released" to work on the project. The proposal was supported by both the academicians, it has received a sympathetic assessment of the Navy Commander SG Gorshkov and chairman of the shipbuilding industry of the State Committee (SSC) BE Booth. At the end of 1959, in the SCS and the customer was sent the report with a brief description of "order", a project which the Bureau proposed to work.
The design study was completed in April 1960 and in early May, MG Pucanov was summoned to Moscow to the Chief Engineer SCS FF Podushkin and deputy chairman of the State Committee YG Derevyanko, and then to the President of the SCS. At this meeting it was decided to prepare a government decree. BE Butoma personally awarded the project number "705". Joint resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers #704-290 on 23 June 1960 instructing start designing submarines etc. 705 (code "Lira" ) in order to create "experimental complex automated speed BOARD PLO! with a torpedo."
Around 1963 the design was substantially revised, with the displacement increased to 2,300 tons, the number of internal compartments increased from three to six and the size of the crew was doubled. Initially it was assumed that the number of the crew of 16 people, but in the future, according to the requirements of the Navy, the crew was brought to 29 people (25 officers and four warrant officer). The decrease resulted crew and more stringent requirements for the reliability of the equipment. The aim was to eliminate the need for maintenance during the voyage.
The high level of automation allowed the submarine to reduce staff by more than three times (compared to the first generation of nuclear submarines), and the crew was staffed only by officers. The number of crew on the project - 20 officers, on the proposal of the Government Commission on the first phase of the pilot operation - 26 officers. Later, 31 people. The initial project involved complex automation of the majority of submarine systems, and because of this, - only a small number of crew of 16 people. Such "extremist" proposal did not find the response from the Navy leadership insisted on increasing the manning to 29 specialists - only officers and warrant officers. The boat had only one inhabited bay and just above it - a world first - the alarm pop-up camera provides the salvation of the whole crew with depths up to the limit, with large roll and pitch.
The whole complex of issues on hydrodynamics, strength, noise, protection was conducted enabled in the CRI-45 (now the Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute. Acad. AN Krylov), led by Director of the Institute of AI Ascension and GA Matveeva. Much of the credit for the creation of a well-streamlined exterior contours of lightweight submarine hull (spindle-shaped, circular cross-section, with lockable scuppers, with the split rudder stocks) owned by the head of the project department Ph.D. Bureau V.I.Sarantsev, chief of sector dynamics L.V.Kalachev. Thorough testing of hydrodynamic hull lines of the boat, which had been worked scientists of the Moscow branch of TsAGI. Professor NE Zhukovsky under the direction of Doctor of Science KK Fedyaevskogo, ensured minimum reflection of sonar signals.
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