Telangana - Government
The Governor is the Executive Head of the State within the meaning of Article 153 and 154 of the Constitution of India. Article 154 vests the executive powers of the State in the Governor who exercises it either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution. Under Article 163, the Governor as the Constitutional Head exercises all powers under the Constitution on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers. It includes summoning and proroguing the Session of the State Legislature, Promulgation of Ordinances, giving assent to the Bills and appointing the Council of Ministers.
The Governor shall not be a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State specified in the First Schedule, and if a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any such State be appointed Governor, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that House on the date on which he enters upon his office as Governor.
According to the Indian Constitution, the elected head of the council of ministers in a state is the Chief Minister (CM). Although, the Governor is the official 'head of the state', yet it is the Chief Minister who is vested with the 'de facto' executive powers. Chief Minister is the real head of a state, unlike the Governor, who is the ceremonial head. Since India has adopted the Westminster Model of constitutional democracy, it is the CM who oversees the day-to-day functioning of the state government.
There is a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions, except in so far as he is by or under this Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them in his discretion. If any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is by or under this Constitution required to act in his discretion, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion.
The lower house is called the Telangana Legislative Assembly. At present the Legislative Assembly of Telangana consists of 119 Members. The Question Hour in the House of the Legislature has acquired great importance and significance. The proeceedings in the Question hour of the House are more attractive and lively. As such, the Visitor's galleries and Press galleries are packed to capacity. During the question hour more light is thrown on several aspects of administration when the members seek to obtain or elicit information on a matter of public interest, on the Floor of the House. It establishes the control and supervision of Legislature over Exceutive. Putting questions of Ministers to elicit information is an inherent right of a member resulting in the provision of Question hour. The first hour of a sitting is provided for this purpose.
The Upper House, known as the Telangana Legislative Council, has lesser powers than the Assembly. The State Re-organisation Act distributed the 90 seats in the Council of combined State and allotted 50 seats to residuary A.P. and 40 to Telangana State under the above five categories. The legislative council, which is akin to the Rajya Sabha, will have only have an advisory role and no veto power. It has to approve all the Bills that are passed by the assembly. The council can only return a particular bill to the assembly for reconsideration.
The High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad for the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh is the common High Court for two States. The Andhra Pradesh High Court was renamed as High court of Hyderabad in view of bifurcation the State into Telangana and truncated Andhra Pradesh. From 2 June 2014, after the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 came into force, it has been renamed and serves as a common high court for both the states. After a separate High Court for Andhra Pradesh is established, High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad shall remain the High Court for Telangana State. The seat of the high court is in the Telangana capital, Hyderabad and has a sanctioned judge strength of 49.
Administratively, the state was divided into 10 districts, 459 mandals and around 10434 revenue villages. Nearly two-and-half years after it came into existence as India`s 29th state, in October 2016 Telangana`s map was redrawn with the creation of a new total of 31 districts. Instead of bringing together the scheduled areas and Tribal Sub-plan areas together to form adivasi districts, the TRS government reorganized these scheduled areas into predominantly new non-adivasi districts.
Local Bodies are the institutions of Local Self Government and play a pivotal role in local governance and development. The Local bodies in state are broadly classified into two categories viz., Rural Local Bodies and Urban Local Bodies. The Local bodies constituted for local Planning, development and administration in rural areas are referred as Rural Local Bodies (Gram Panchayats, Mandal Praja Parishads and Zilla Praja Parishads) and those institutions constituted for local Planning, development and administration in Urban areas are referred as Urban Local Bodies (Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, Nagar Panchayats).
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