"dig tunnels deep,
store rice everywhere,
never seek hegemony"
People's Air Defense
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the State Council in 1950 promulgated the Decision on Launching People's Air Defense Work and started to establish a people-to-air defense system throughout the country and carry out people's air defense work step by step. Mao Zedong referred to the height of the strategic plan of the people's air defense and called on people across the country to "dig tunnels deep, store rice everywhere, never seek hegemony."
China has organized the people's air defense since the 1930s. In 1934, the Kuomintang government set up air defense headquarters in some provinces and municipalities in order to prepare for the bombing and destruction by Japanese troops invaded China and set up civil defense organizations in some cities, counties and towns. Air defense law was enacted in 1937. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War , under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Soviet government established the air defense and anti- personnel committees in some cities and rural areas in the Central Revolutionary Base in 1933 to guide the masses in the air defense in response to the Kuomintang army's bombing. During the Anti-Japanese War, people's air defense measures were taken in the border areas of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia and in all the anti-Japanese bases, reducing the losses caused by the enemy's bombing.
People's air defense is the measures and actions taken by the government to mobilize and organize the people to guard against air strikes by the enemy and eliminate the consequences, referred to as civil air defense. It constitutes a national air defense system jointly with air defense and field air defense. It is an important component of modern national defense and is an important aspect of national economic and social development. It is also an important content of modern urban construction and a social welfare undertaking for the benefit of the country and the people.
The general goal of people's air defense construction is to "establish a unified and efficient organizational and command system, a rational protective engineering system, a sensitive and reliable communication alert system, a capable contingent of professional team systems, effective decentralized population evacuation systems, modern scientific research and talent We will strive to raise the overall anti-destruction capabilities, rapid response capabilities, emergency rescue capabilities and self-development capabilities of the People's Air Defense to combat modern war and major disasters and effectively protect the lives and property of the country and its people."
The basic principle of people's air defense construction is: "we must take the road of building with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the coordination of people's air defense and economic construction, and integrate urban construction; adhere to the combination of people's air defense with air defense and field air defense, Air defense and disaster prevention and disaster relief combined with normal; adhere to the combination of long-term construction and emergency construction; adhere to the national construction and social, collective and individual construction of a combination. With the overall situation, overall planning, simultaneous construction, coordinated development, Step-by-step implementation, strong science and technology industry, focus on efficiency, building according to law, management according to law."
Although it is difficult to thoroughly prevent high-tech air strikes, it is still possible to control the loss of air strikes to a certain extent through rational decentralization, as much as possible "undergroundization", rigorous camouflage protection, and active organization of rescue and repairs.
The civil air defense project includes underground protective buildings that are exclusively built to protect personnel and supplies during wartime, civil air defense command and medical aid, and basements that can be used for air defense in wartime construction combined with ground construction.
People's air defense can stabilize people's morale. Once high-tech air strikes occur, a large number of buildings are destroyed, the living environment of residents is deteriorated, life and property are seriously threatened, and psychological panics and unsightly actions are easily caused, which can shake the people's morale. In this regard, only through normal civil air defense education, extensive and extensive civil air defense mobilization in wartime as well as practical and effective civil air defense measures can the masses of the people be psychologically prepared and the confidence of protection be enhanced so that they can stay ahead of others and remain vigorous.
The civil defense departments throughout the country have made the coverage and influence of air defense even more public by organizing such things as exhibitions, theatrical performances, knowledge contests, public service announcements, and street-based information. At present, more than 80,000 junior high schools and over 6,000 tertiary institutions in the country have opened civil air defense courses. Over 22 million students receive knowledge of air defense education each year. Every year, nearly 100 cities all over the country hold the alarm test at the same time, making the concept of people's air defense more popular among people.
China's lack of attention to civil defense training for the general public contrasted the occasional drills of the militia in urban defense. Chinese civil defense officials and the public apparently had not taken civil defense exercises seriously since about 1971, when training was more frequent. Beijing believef that a Soviet attack ess not likely, and it probably wishef to reduce disruptions to production that would result from a more ambitious drill program. Continued improvements to the shelter systems, however, suggest that the Chinese still valuef them as a contingency measure should the threat of hostilities with Moscow increase.
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