| Type | Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)
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| Type of System | Fire and forget
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| Alternative Designation | FGM-148 Javelin
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| Date of Introduction | 1996
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| Country Of Origin | United States
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| Proliferation |
Australia, Bahrain, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Libya, Lithuania, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Korea (Republic of Korea), Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
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| Contractors |
Lockheed Martin (Orlando, FL)
Raytheon (Tucson, AZ)
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| Complete Round (LTA with missile and BCU) |
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| Weight | 35.14 lb (15.97 kg)
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| Length | 47.60 in (120.90 cm)
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| Diameter with end caps | 11.75 in (29.85 cm)
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| Inside diameter | 5.52 in (14.00 cm)
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| Launching Platforms | man portable crew of 2
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| Crew | One- to three-Soldier teams based on table of organization and equipment (TOE)
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| Displacement Time | INA
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| Emplacement Time | INA
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| Warhead Type | Heat
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| Warhead Weight | 8.4 kg
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Missile |
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| Guidance System | infrared homing
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| Length, Missile | 1.1 m
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| Diameter, Missile | 127 mm
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| Missile Modes | Top attack ( default ) Direct attack mode
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| minimum effective engagement | 75 -150 m
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| Maximum Effective Firing Range |
original CLU: 2,500 m (1.6 mi) Lightweight CLU: 4,000 m (2.5 mi) from vehicle: 4,750 m (2.95 mi
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| effective engagement range |
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| (direct attack and top attack modes) | 2,000 m
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| Direct attack mode minimum effective engagement range 65 m
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| Flight Time | About 14 seconds at 2,000 meters
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| Backblast Area |
Primary danger zone extends out 25 m at a 60-degree (cone-shaped) angle.
Caution zone extends the cone-shaped area out to 100 m
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| Propulsion | Solid-fuel rocket (Two-Stage Motor)
Launch motor ejects the missile from the LTA
Flight motor propels the missile to the target
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| Firing From Inside Enclosures |
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| Minimum room length | 15 ft
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| Minimum room width | 12 ft
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| Minimum room height | 7 ft
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| Armor Penetration | 600+ mm
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M98A1 Detachable Command Launch Unit (CLU) |
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| With Battery, Carrying Bag, and Cleaning Kit |
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| Weight | 14.16 lb (6.42 kg)
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| Length | 13.71 in (34.82 cm)
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| Height | 13.34 in (33.88 cm)
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| Width | 19.65 in (49.91 cm)
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LTA Launch Tube Assembly | Both the gunner and the ammunition bearer carry a disposable tube called the Launch Tube Assembly, which houses the missile and protects the missile from harsh environments. The tube also has built in electronics and a locking hinge system that makes attachment and detachment of the missile to and from the Command Launch Unit a quick and simple process.
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| Length, Launcher | 1.2 m
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| Diameter, Launcher | 142 mm
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| Carry Weight | 22.3 kg
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Variants |
FGM-148A : initial low-rate initial production [LRIP] model produced in small series from 1994 to 1996
FGM-148B : Enhanced Producibility Program (EPP) design introduced before the Javelin’s Milestone III at reduced production cost produced in large series from June 1996 to 1998
FGM-148C (Block 0): improved version of the FGM-148B produced from April 1999. The C-model likely includes the Javelin Enhanced Tandem Integration (JETI) modification, which was introduced during the missile’s third year of full rate production, and features “enhancements that alter the missile dome.”
FGM-148D : Version of the FGM-148C designed for the export market for non-U.S. operators.
FGM-148E (Block 1): model equipped with a new rocket engine to reduce its flight time as well as a new, more efficient warhead boasting increased lethality to allow it to engage a wider variety of targets. The CLU Firing Station also received a software update. Its production started at the end of 2006 and its initial operational capacity was reached in 2008. The upgraded Block 1 CLU featured increased I.D. range and surveillance time compared to the original CLU. The E-model is the result of the Spiral 1 Javelin enhancements which got underway around 2013-14, which included improved electronics in the missile control actuator section to decrease weight and cost. The FGM-148E entered produced in FY 2017.
FGM-148F (Block 2): The F-model features a multi-purpose warhead (MPWH) to provide improved performance against “soft targets” like covered personnel, buildings, and light-armored vehicles. The missile now has an anti-personnel capability thanks to the addition of a steel fragmentation sleeve mounted around the main shaped charge. Its production cost has also been reduced. A 35% more compact and 50% lighter version of the firing post called LWCLU (LightWeight CLU) is also offered. It also includes an updated command launch unit that weighs less and features an improved target tracker. The United States finalized a production contract for 2,100 F-Model missiles in January 2019. The first production line F-model missile was completed in May 2020. The new warhead allows hitting existing and future types of armor, including the destruction of equipment equipped with dynamic protection.
FGM-148G (Block 3): future version under development. The G-model missile effort is developing a new LTA, electronic battery unit, guidance electronics unit, and missile seeker. The G-model features an improved missile seeker that does not require cooling. This lowers missile deployment to launch times and provides operators more potential shots against targets of opportunity. The G-model also features a new launch tube assembly and battery unit. Production missiles will be designated FGM-148G. G-model missile flight testing began in FY22 in accordance with the DOT&E-approved TEMP. DOT&E personnel will observe select flight tests. According to the U.S. Army, since the end of 2022, the U.S. military has been testing two new types of portable anti-tank missiles. The first is the "Spike-SR" portable anti-tank missile developed by the Israeli Rafael Defense Company. It is the FGM-148G "Javelin Block 1" type developed by the American Javelin Company. According to the U.S. military, these two improved anti-tank missiles will be used in the so-called "soldier lethality" project.
HJ-12 Red Arrow - At the beginning of 2020, China began exporting a clone of the Javelin complex.
Javelin Lightweight Command Launch Unit (LWCLU) is an enhanced version of the CLU that according to the system’s lead contractor “weighs 30 percent less than its predecessor and offers twice the sight range at night and three times the sight range during the day.” The new CLU is 70 percent smaller, 40 percent lighter, and has a 50 percent battery life increase. Features of the lightweight CLU are: a long-wave IR sensor; a high-definition display with improved resolution; integrated handgrips; a five megapixel color camera; a laser point that can be seen visibly or through IR; a far target locator using GPS, a laser rangefinder, and a heading sensor; and modernized electronics. The Lightweight CLU will thus allow Javelin users to extend the missile’s effective range to 4.5 km. It was scheduled to enter production in 2022.
Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station-Javelin (CROWS-J) is a modified M153 CROWS II system designed to launch Javelins. In April 2015, the U.S. Army’s 2nd Cavalry Regiment established an Operational Need Statement (ONS) to increase the lethality of its Stryker infantry carrier vehicles, which were overmatched by Russian materiel. The Strykers were at the time only equipped with a standard .50 caliber (12.7mm) machine gun and concern over Russian forces had increased since March 2015, following Russia’s invasion of Crimea. To improve lethality, the U.S. Army planned to equip Strykers with the CROWS-J and a 30mm cannon. In March 2021, the United States successfully fired a Stinger air defense missile from a Javelin launcher, intercepting a target UAV. The U.S. Army completed CROWS-J live fire testing in June 2021.
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