*FM 6-50
| FIELD MANUAL No. 6-50 MARINE CORPS WARFIGHTING PUBLICATION No. 3-1.6.23 |
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS Washington, DC, 23 December 1996 |
FM 6-50 |
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for |
Table of Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 MISSION, ORGANIZATION, AND KEY PERSONNEL
MISSION, ORGANIZATION, AND KEY PERSONNEL
Section I - MISSION AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION
1-2. FIELD ARTILLERY ORGANIZATION
1-3. COMMAND AND CONTROL OF BATTERIES
Section II - CANNON BATTERIES IN PLATOON-BASED FIELD ARTILLERY BATTALIONS
1-5. TACTICAL DUTIES OF KEY PERSONNEL
1-6. BATTERY COMMANDER
1-7. FIRST SERGEANT
1-8. PLATOON LEADER
1-9. FIRE DIRECTION OFFICER
1-10. PLATOON SERGEANT
1-11. GUNNERY SERGEANT
1-12. HOWITZER SECTION CHIEF
Section III - CANNON BATTERIES IN BATTERY-BASED FIELD ARTILLERY BATTALIONS
1-14. TACTICAL DUTIES OF KEY PERSONNEL
1-15. BATTERY COMMANDER
1-16. FIRST SERGEANT
1-17. EXECUTIVE OFFICER
1-18. ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE OFFICER (USMC only)
1-19. FIRE DIRECTION OFFICER
1-20. CHIEF OF FIRING BATTERY
1-21. GUNNERY SERGEANT
1-22. HOWITZER SECTION CHIEF
CHAPTER 2 RECONNAISSANCE, SELECTION, AND OCCUPATION
OF A POSITION
RECONNAISSANCE, SELECTION, AND OCCUPATION
OF A POSITION
Section I - RECONNAISSANCE AND THE ADVANCE PARTY
2-2. CONSIDERATIONS
2-3. RECEIPT OF THE ORDER
2-4. ARTILLERY TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
2-5. RSOP OPERATIONS
2-6. METHODS OF RECONNAISSANCE
2-7. PLANNING THE RECONNAISSANCE
2-8. THE RECONNAISSANCE PARTY
2-9. ASSEMBLING THE ADVANCE PARTY
2-10. TAKING A FIRING CAPABILITY FORWARD
2-11. MOVEMENT BRIEFING
2-12. ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE
Section II - SELECTING THE NEW POSITION
2-14. TYPES OF POSITIONS
Section III - ORGANIZING THE NEW POSITION
2-15. ADVANCE PARTY PREPARATIONS
2-16. FORMATIONS
Section IV - PREPARATION FOR OCCUPATION
2-18. LIMITED TIME PREPARATIONS
2-19. NIGHT OCCUPATION
2-20. SECTION CHIEF'S REPORT
Section V - TACTICAL MARCHES
2-22. OPEN COLUMN
2-23. CLOSE COLUMN
2-24. INFILTRATION
2-25. TERRAIN MARCH
Section VI - PREPARING FOR MOVEMENT
2-27. LOAD PLANS
2-28. MOVEMENT PREPARATIONS
2-29. ORGANIZATION OF THE COLUMN
Section VII - CONDUCTING THE MARCH
2-31. CONVOY CONTROL MEASURES
2-32. HALTS
2-33. MARCH COLUMN CONTINGENCIES
2-34. OTHER MOVEMENTS
2-35. MOVEMENT PROCEDURES
Section VIII - OCCUPYING THE POSITION
2-37. DELIBERATE OCCUPATION
2-38. HASTY OCCUPATION
2-39. EMERGENCY OCCUPATION
2-40. SUSTAINING ACTIONS
2-41. TRAINING TIPS
CHAPTER 3 BATTERY DEFENSE
BATTERY DEFENSE
Section I - INTRODUCTION
3-2. BATTERY RESPONSIBILITIES
Section II - CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEFENSE
3-4. DEFENSE IN DEPTH
3-5. SECURITY
3-6. DISPERSION
3-7. PRIORITIES
3-8. DEFENSE IN ALL DIRECTIONS
3-9. MUTUAL SUPPORT
3-10. CONTROL
3-11. FLEXIBILITY
Section III - DEFENSE DIAGRAM
3-13. CONSTRUCTION OF THE DIAGRAM
3-14. DISPOSITION OF THE DIAGRAM
3-15. PREPARING RANGE CARDS
Section IV - CONDUCT OF THE DEFENSE
3-17. DEFENSE AGAINST AIR ATTACK
3-18. DEFENSE AGAINST DISMOUNTED ATTACK
3-19. DEFENSE IN OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR (OOTW)
3-20. DEFENSE AGAINST INDIRECT FIRE
3-21. DEFENSE AGAINST NBC ATTACK
3-22. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIEL DESTRUCTION PROCEDURES
3-23. EMERGENCY ALARMS OF HAZARD OR ATTACK
3-24. BOMBING, SHELLING, ROCKETING, MORTARING, AND LOCATION REPORTS
CHAPTER 4 LAYING THE BATTERY, MEASURING, AND REPORTING
LAYING THE BATTERY, MEASURING, AND REPORTING
Section I - THE AIMING CIRCLE
4-2. SETTING UP THE AIMING CIRCLE
4-3. LEVELING THE AIMING CIRCLE
4-4. TAKING DOWN THE AIMING CIRCLE
4-5. DECLINATING THE AIMING CIRCLE
4-6. CARE AND HANDLING OF THE AIMING CIRCLE
Section II - PRECISION LIGHTWEIGHT GPS RECEIVER (PLGR)
4-8. FA SURVEY APPLICATIONS
4-9. GPS LIMITATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS
Section III - GUN LAYING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM
Section IV - THE M2 COMPASS
4-12. DECLINATING THE M2 COMPASS
4-13. MEASURING AN AZIMUTH AND SITE TO CREST WITH THE M2 COMPASS
4-14. CARE AND HANDLING OF THE M2 COMPASS
Section V - LAYING
4-16. PROCEDURES FOR LAYING
4-17. LAYING BY ORIENTING ANGLE
4-18. LAYING BY GRID AZIMUTH
4-19. COMMANDS
4-20. LAYING BY ALTERNATE METHODS
4-21. M2 COMPASS METHOD
4-22. AIMING POINT-DEFLECTION METHOD
4-23. HOWITZER BACK-LAY METHOD
4-24. ESTABLISHING AIMING POINTS
4-25. SAFETY AND VERIFYING THE LAY OF THE PLATOON
4-26. MEASURING VERTICAL ANGLES
4-27. MEMORY AIDS
Section VI - MEASURING AND REPORTING DATA
4-29. BACKWARD AZIMUTH RULE
4-30. REPORTING THE CORRECT DEFLECTION
4-31. MEASURING THE AZIMUTH OF THE LINE OF FIRE
4-32. CORRECTING BORESIGHT ERROR
4-33. TRAINING
CHAPTER 5 HASTY SURVEY TECHNIQUES
HASTY SURVEY TECHNIQUES
Section I - SURVEY CONTROL
5-2. ELEMENTS OF SURVEY CONTROL
Section II - DIRECTION
5-4. POLARIS-KOCHAB METHOD
5-5. POLARIS 2 METHOD
5-6. DIRECTIONAL TRAVERSE
Section III - LOCATION
5-8. GRAPHIC RESECTION
5-9. GRAPHIC TRAVERSE
5-10. DISTANCE MEASURING
5-11. AUTOMATED COMPUTATIONS
5-12. AFU INPUT FOR GRAPHIC TRAVERSE USING BUCS, REV 1
5-13. ALTITUDE DETERMINATION
CHAPTER 6 MINIMUM QUADRANT ELEVATION
MINIMUM QUADRANT ELEVATION
6-1. RESPONSIBILITIES
6-2. ELEMENTS OF COMPUTATION
6-3. MEASURING ANGLE OF SITE TO CREST
6-4. MEASURING PIECE-TO-CREST RANGE
6-5. COMPUTATION FOR FUZES OTHER THAN ARMED VARIABLE TIME
6-6. COMPUTATING FOR ARMED VT FUZES (LOW-ANGLE FIRE)
CHAPTER 7 FIRE COMMANDS AND FIRING REPORTS
FIRE COMMANDS AND FIRING REPORTS
7-1. DEFINITIONS
7-2. SEQUENCE OF FIRE COMMANDS
7-3. TYPES OF FIRE COMMANDS
7-4. ELEMENTS OF THE FIRE COMMANDS
7-5. WARNING ORDER
7-6. PIECES TO FOLLOW, PIECES TO FIRE, AND METHOD OF FIRE
7-7. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
7-8. PROJECTILE
7-9. AMMUNITION LOT
7-10. CHARGE
7-11. FUZE
7-12. FUZE SETTING
7-13. DEFLECTION
7-14. QUADRANT ELEVATION
7-15. METHOD OF FIRE FOR EFFECT
7-16. SPECIAL METHODS OF FIRE
7-17. CHECK FIRING
7-18. CEASE LOADING
7-19. END OF MISSION
7-20. PLANNED TARGETS
7-21. REPETITION AND CORRECTION OF FIRE COMMANDS
7-22. FIRING REPORTS
7-23. STANDARDIZING ELEMENTS OF THE FIRE COMMAND
7-24. EXAMPLE OF FIRE COMMANDS
7-25. RECORD OF MISSIONS FIRED
CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL SITUATIONS
SPECIAL SITUATIONS
8-1. DIRECT FIRE
8-2. DIRECT FIRE SIGHTING METHODS
8-3. DIRECT FIRE LAYING METHODS
8-4. COMMANDS FOR DIRECT FIRE
8-5. EMERGENCY BORESIGHTING
8-6. COLLIMATOR METHOD OF BORESIGHTING
8-7. STANDARD ANGLE METHOD OF BORESIGHTING
8-8. AIMING CIRCLE METHOD OF BORESIGHTING
CHAPTER 9 COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS
9-1. COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
9-2. BATTERY COMMUNICATIONS SECTION
9-3. BATTERY WIRE SYSTEM
9-4. BATTERY RADIO NET STRUCTURE
9-5. AN/PRC-68 AND AN/PRC-126 PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
9-6. BCS-TO-GDU COMMUNICATIONS
CHAPTER 10 AMMUNITION
AMMUNITION
10-1. REFERENCES
10-2. EXTERIOR COMPONENTS OF AN ARTILLERY PROJECTILE
10-3. PROJECTILE PAINTING AND MARKING
10-4. CARE AND HANDLING OF AMMUNITION
10-5. PROJECTILES
10-6. FUZES
10-7. PROPELLING CHARGES
10-8. FLASH REDUCERS
10-9. PRIMERS
10-10. CARTRIDGE CASES
10-11. SEGREGATION OF AMMUNITION LOTS
10-12. FIELD STORAGE OF AMMUNITION
10-13. STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION TECHNIQUES
10-14. ACCIDENTS
10-15. MISFIRE PROCEDURES
10-16. TRAINING
10-17. AMMUNITION PLANNING GUIDE
CHAPTER 11 SAFETY PROCEDURES
SAFETY PROCEDURES
11-1. RESPONSIBILITIES
11-2. DUTIES OF SAFETY PERSONNEL
11-3. SAFETY AIDS
11-4. SAFETY COMPUTATIONS
CHAPTER 12 COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
12-1. RESPONSIBILITIES
12-2. BATTALION TRAIN
12-3. LOGISTICS PACKAGES
12-4. BATTERY INTERFACE WITH THE ALOC
12-5. CLASSES OF SUPPLY
12-6. MAINTENANCE, RECOVERY, AND REPAIR
12-7. REFUEL, REARM, AND RESUPPLY POINT
APPENDIX A STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES
STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES
APPENDIX B SAMPLE GUNNER'S QUALIFICATION TEST
SAMPLE GUNNER'S QUALIFICATION TEST
B-1. USE OF TEST
B-2. STANDARDS OF PRECISION
B-3. ASSISTANCE
B-4. TASK SCORING
B-5. QUALIFICATION SCORES
B-6. EQUIPMENT, PERSONNEL, AND SITE REQUIREMENTS
B-7. TASKS
APPENDIX C SAMPLE OPERATIONS CHECKLIST
SAMPLE OPERATIONS CHECKLIST
C-1. DESCRIPTION
C-2. PRECOMBAT CHECKLISTS
C-3. BATTERY STATUS INVENTORY
C-4. CRITICAL EVENTS TIME LINE
C-5. BATTERY WARNING ORDER
C-6. BATTERY ORDER
APPENDIX D COMMON MISTAKES AND MALPRACTICES
COMMON MISTAKES AND MALPRACTICES
D-1. PROBLEM AREAS
D-2. PRECUTTING CHARGES
D-3. LAYING ON THE WRONG AIMING POSTS
D-4. IMPROPER EMPLACEMENT OF AIMING POINTS
D-5. FAILURE TO COMPUTE TERRAIN GUN POSITION CORRECTIONS
D-6. USING THE M139 OR M140 ALIGNMENT DEVICE TO VERIFY BORESIGHT
D-7. OTHER MISTAKES
D-8. MALPRACTICES
D-9. ERRORS IN SETTING UP AND ORIENTING THE AIMING CIRCLE
D-10. INCIDENTS
APPENDIX E LOAD PLANS FOR HOWITZER AMMUNITION VEHICLES AND CAMOUFLAGE CONFIGURATION
LOAD PLANS FOR HOWITZER AMMUNITION VEHICLES AND CAMOUFLAGE CONFIGURATION
APPENDIX F SPECIAL OPERATIONS
SPECIAL OPERATIONS
F-1. OPERATIONS IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN
F-2. OPERATIONS IN JUNGLE TERRAIN
F-3. NORTHERN OPERATIONS
F-4. MILITARY OPERATIONS ON URBANIZED TERRAIN
F-5. DESERT OPERATIONS
F-6. AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT
F-7. AIR ASSAULT OPERATIONS
F-8. ARTILLERY RAIDS
F-9. OPERATIONS OTHER THEN WAR (OOTW)
F-10. FIRE BASE/HARDENED ARTILLERY POSITION OPERATIONS
F-11. EMERGENCY OCCUPATION PROCEDURES WITH BCS
APPENDIX G CANNON SECTION EVALUATION AND TRAINING
CANNON SECTION EVALUATION AND TRAINING
G-1. SCOPE
G-2. PURPOSE
G-3. CONDUCT OF THE EVALUATION
G-4. EVALUATION FORMAT
G-5. SCORING
G-6. PREPARATION
G-7. QUALIFICATION
G-8. ORGANIZATION AND SCORING
G-9. PHASE I, ORIENTATION AND ORGANIZATION
G-10. PHASE II, PREPARATION FOR FIRING OPERATIONS
G-11. PHASE III, DELIBERATE OCCUPATION
G-12. PHASE IV, FIRE MISSIONS
G-13. PHASE V, CRITIQUE
APPENDIX H UNIT DEFENSE CHECKLIST
UNIT DEFENSE CHECKLIST
H-1. ENTRANCE POINT
H-2. PASSIVE DEFENSIVE TECHNIQUES
H-3. ACTIVE DEFENSIVE TECHNIQUES
H-4. PERIMETER COMMUNICATIONS
H-5. ANTIARMOR ASSETS
H-6. MOVEMENT
H-7. LOCAL SECURITY
H-8. NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
H-9. AIR DEFENSE COVERAGE
H-10. MEDICAL
H-11. ENEMY PRISONERS OF WAR (EPWs)
APPENDIX I KILLER JUNIOR
KILLER JUNIOR
I-1. DESCRIPTION
I-2. TYPES OF TARGETS
I-3. AMMUNITION
I-4. PROCEDURES
APPENDIX J CRATER ANALYSIS AND REPORTING
CRATER ANALYSIS AND REPORTING
J-1. CRATER ANALYSIS TEAM
J-2. EQUIPMENT
J-3. SHELL CRATER ANALYSIS
J-4. VALUE OF ANALYSIS
J-5. INSPECTION OF SHELLED AREAS
J-6. SURVEY OF CRATER LOCATION
J-7. DETERMINATION OF DIRECTION
J-8. CRATER ANALYSIS
J-9. LOW-ANGLE FUZE QUICK CRATERS (ARTILLERY)
J-10. LOW-ANGLE FUZE DELAY CRATERS (ARTILLERY)
J-11. HIGH-ANGLE SHELL CRATERS (MORTARS)
J-12. ROCKET CRATERS
J-13. SHELL FRAGMENT ANALYSIS
J-14. SHELLING REPORTS
APPENDIX K MINIMUM QUADRANT ELEVATION RAPID FIRE TABLES
MINIMUM QUADRANT ELEVATION RAPID FIRE TABLES
K-1. DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES
K-2. USE OF THE RAPID FIRE TABLES
APPENDIX L GUN DISPLAY UNIT
GUN DISPLAY UNIT
L-1. DESCRIPTION
L-2. SECTION CHIEF'S ASSEMBLY
L-3. CASE ASSEMBLY
L-4. GUN ASSEMBLY
L-5. CABLES
L-6. BCS - GUD WIRE LINK
L-7. WIRE OPERATIONS
L-8. M109-SERIES HOWITZERS
L-9. GUN DISPLAY UNIT POWER
L-10. TOWED HOWITZERS
L-11. SELF-PROPELLED HOWITZER POWER SOURCE
L-12. INOPERATIVE GUN DISPLAY UNIT
L-13. SMALL UNIT TRANSCEIVERS
L-14. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
APPENDIX M SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD ARTILLERY CANNONS
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD ARTILLERY CANNONS
APPENDIX N INTERCHANGEABILITY OF AMMUNITION
INTERCHANGEABILITY OF AMMUNITION
N-1. GENERAL
N-2. TRAINING
N-3. COMBAT
APPENDIX O SAMPLE TESTS AND REPORTS
SAMPLE TESTS AND REPORTS
O-1. SAMPLE TESTS FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF SAFETY PERSONNEL
O-2. HANDS-ON SAFETY CERTIFICATION
O-3. VERIFICATION CHECKLIST
FORMS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
AUTHORIZATION LETTER
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*This publication supersedes FM 6-50, 20 November 1990.
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