*FM 57-38
Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC
9 April 1993
FM 57-38 |
|---|
PATHFINDER OPERATIONS |
Table of Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 - OPERATIONS
SECTION I. PLANNING
2-1. WARNING ORDER
2-2. INITIAL PREPARATION
2-3. COORDINATION
2-4. LINKUP WITH SUPPORTED UNIT
2-5. FINAL PREPARATIONS
SECTION II. ORGANIZATION FOR COMBAT
SECTION III. CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS
2-9. DAYLIGHT ASSAULT
2-10. NIGHT ASSUALT
2-11. EXTRACTION
2-12. STAGING AREAS
2-13. ARTILLERY DISPLACEMENT
2-14. SUPPORT OF GROUND OPERATIONS
2-15. SUPPORT OF AIR FORCE
2-16. MIXED OPERATIONS
2-17. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
2-18. TERMINAL GUIDANCE BY SUPPORTED UNITS
SECTION IV. HIGH-THREAT ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 3 - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
SECTION I. PATHFINDER ATC COMMUNICATION
SECTION II. LANDINGS
3-6. TRAFFIC PATTERNS
3-7. METHODS OF ENTRY
3-8. TRAFFIC PATTERN LEGS
3-9. ADVISORY SERVICE
3-10. SPACING TECHNIGUES
3-11. FINAL LANDING INSTRUCTIONS
3-12. TAXIING AIRCRAFT
3-13. MINIMUM AIRCRAFT SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION III. GROUND-TO-AIR COMMUNICATIONS
CHAPTER 4 - HELICOPTER LANDING ZONES
SECTION I. SITE SELECTION AND LANDING POINTS
SECTION II. ORGANIZATION AND DUTIES
SECTION III. LANDING SITE OPERATIONS
4-6. COMMUNICATIONS
4-7. FLIGHT FORMATIONS
4-8. LANDING ZONE AND OBSTACLE MARKING
4-9. AIR ASSAULTS
4-10. INTERCEPT HEADING
SECTION IV. LANDING ZONE OPERATIONS
SECTION V. NIGHT OPERATIONS
4-13. TACTICAL LANDING LIGHTS
4-14. EXTERNAL LOADS
4-15. MULTI-HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
4-16. NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
SECTION VI. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
4-17. PILOT INPUT
4-18. COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS
4-19. JUNGLE TERRAIN
4-20. DESERT TERRAIN
4-21. MOUNTAINS
SECTION VII. APPROACH PATH CONSIDERATIONS
4-22. VERTICAL AIR CURRENTS
4-23. ESCAPE ROUTES
4-24. TERRAIN CONTOUR AND OBSTACLES
4-25. POSITION OF THE SUN
CHAPTER 5 - EXTERNAL LOADS
5-1. LANDING POINTS
5-2. TYPES OF LOADS
5-3. UNIT RESPONSIBILITIES
5-4. EQUIPMENT
5-5. SERVICE LIFE OF AERIAL DELIVERY SLINGS
5-6. AIRCRAFT LOAD LIMITATIONS
5-7. STANDARD WEIGHTS
5-8. AIR ITEMS REQUIRED FOR COMMON STANDARD LOADS
5-9. SLING LOAD THEORY
5-10. HOOKUP AND RELEASE PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 6 - DROP ZONES
SECTION I. SELECTION FACTORS
6-1. AIR DROP AIRSPEEDS
6-2. DROP ALTITUDE
6-3. DROP ZONE TIME REQUIREMENT ESTIMATION
6-4. METHODS OF DELIVERY
6-5. OBSTACLES
6-6. ACCESS
6-7. SIZE
6-8. APPROACH AND DEPARTURE ROUTES
SECTION II. DROP ZONE SUPPORT TEAM
6-9. ORGANIZATION
6-10. MISSIONS
6-11. EQUIPMENT FAMILIARIZATION
6-12. COORDINATION
6-13. SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS
6-14. DROP ZONE SUPPORT TEAM LEADER'S DUTIES
6-15. CONTROL CENTER
6-16. SIGNALS
6-17. DETERMINATION OF RELEASE POINT LOCATION
6-18. GROUND MARKING RELEASE SYSTEM
6-19. ARMY VERBAL INITIATED RELEASE SYSTEM
6-20. AIR FORCE VERBAL INITIATED RELEASE SYSTEM
6-21. AIR FORCE COMPUTED AIR RELEASE POINT
6-22. ASSAULT ZONE AVAILABILITY REPORT
6-23. DROP ZONE SURVEY
6-24. TACTICAL ASSESSMENT
6-25. AIRDROP/AIRLAND/EXTRACTION ZONE CONTROL LOG
6-26. AIR MEDICAL EVACUATION REQUESTS
APPENDIX A - OPERATIONAL FORMATS
APPENDIX B - ARMY HELICOPTER SPECIFICATIONS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
AUTHORIZATION LETTER
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* This publication supersedes FM 57-38, 9 October 1968.
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