Voronezh-DM (77Ya6-DM)

Voronezh-DM (77Ya6-DM), built in 2011, works in the decimeter range (UHF) and was designed by NPK NIIDAR. C- Band (UHF- Radar) includes some specialized Radar sets developed for this frequency band (300 MHz to 1 GHz). It is a good frequency for the operation of radars for the detection and tracking of satellites and ballistic missiles over a long range. These radars operate for early warning and target acquisition like the surveillance radar for the Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS). In the USA, the AN/FPS-30 radar was used in the radar systaa in the first BMEWS station. The radar was a coherent pulse radar operating in the decimeter band. The first serial "Voronezh-DM", placed in the Kaliningrad region, on alert since 2011?, provides control of the countryside west direction. Its horizon range is 6000 km and vertical range is 8000 km (Due to radar horizon, this range is only apply if target is located at altitude of several thounsand kilometers). At a distance of 8000 km, the radar can detect targets the size of a "football ball." The Voronezh-DM radar is deployed, under construction or in the experimental operation phase in Armavir, Krasnodar Region, Pionersky Settlement in the Kaliningrad Region, Yeniseysk (Ust-Kem Village), Barnaul (Konyukh Settlement) in the Altai Territory and Zeya in the Amur Region.

There is some pretty serious confusion as to the association of the DM designator with a specific radar design, since two completely different designs have been given this designator by entirely authoritative sources.

Voronezh-M (77Ya6-M)

Voronezh-M (77Ya6-M), also seen as Voronezh VP, built in 2006, works in the meter range of wavelengths (VHF) and was designed by RTI Mints. These radar bands below 300 MHz have a long historically tradition because these frequencies represented the frontier of radio technology at the time during the Great Patriotic War. Today these frequencies are used for early warning radars and Over The Horizon (OTH) Radars. Using these lower frequencies it is easier to obtain high-power transmitters. On the other hand the accuracy is limited, because a lower frequency requires antennas with very large physical size which determines angle accuracy and angle resolution. "Voronezh-M" was placed in the Leningrad region in 2009 is on alert, provides control of the countryside from Spitsbergen to Morocco. "Voronezh-M" - in Lehtusi, Leningrad region, Orsk, Orenburg region, Usolye-Sibirskoe (Michelevka) in the Irkutsk region and in Vorkuta (Vorgashor village of the Komi Republic).

Voronezh-VP (77Ya6-VP)

Voronezh-VP (77Ya6-VP), finished in 2012, works in the meter range (VHF) and was designed by RTI Mints. The first one built had 6 segments instead of the 3 of the Voronezh-M. The new radar network is expected to be based on the already-existing Voronezh-class early warning station sites. "Voronezh-VP", was placed in the Irkutsk region in 2012 to intercede on alert, built, will provide control area south-east, and will install the antenna on the southbound (2014). The radar family includes three variants: Voronezh-DM (4), Voronezh-M (2) and Voronezh-VP (1) [and Voronezh-SM]. The only Voronezh-VP radar located in Mishlevka, Irkutsk region (Siberia), is responsible for monitoring the airspace from the US west coast to India. It started operating in December 2014. Russian military expert Alexey Leonkov explained 21 June 2017 that the Voronezh-class early warning stations were built in line with a single modular principle. "Depending on the modules of an antenna array, it is possible to create the unique Voronezh-VP radar station which was developed by RTI Systems Concern," Leonkov said. Professor Vadim Kozyulin of the Academy of Military Sciences said that that the Voronezh-VP radar's ability to detect and track cruise missiles at considerable distances is probably one of their greatest advantages.

Voronezh-CM

Voronezh-CM [aka Voronezh-SM] radar work in the centimeter range [L-band]. In the American Nike-X anti-missile system of the 1960s, the MAR (Multifunction Array Radar) operated in the centimeter band (from 19.3 to 76.9 cm), and its range was some 1200 km. The D- Band (L-Band Radar) frequency band (1 to 2 GHz) is preferred for the operation of long-range air-surveillance radars out to 250 NM (˜400 km). They transmit pulses with high power, broad bandwidth and an intrapulse modulation often. The Voronezh-SM project was still under development in 2017, but several such stations were expected to appear in Russia by 2020. The newest radar system "Voronezh-SM" would be placed in the Crimea in the coming years. Mikhail Khodaryonok, military expert and editor-in-chief of the Air-Space Front magazine, is confident. "The radar of the centimeter range is significantly higher than the accuracy of determining the angular coordinates and range. Due to the high resolution, the target flight path is more accurately aligned, the time is calculated and the area of the fall of the combat blocks is determined. "Voronezh-SM" - promising development, if installed in the Crimea, it will significantly enhance the capabilities of our radar station in Armavir".