1RL115 P-90 Pamir - Flat Face
The 1RL115 P-90 Pamir - Flat Face is an air target three-coordinate radar detection and tracking system. After renaming the Scientific Research Institute of Research Institute- 244 (now the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering) on March 13, 1954, to the State Allied Research Institute of the Research Institute- 20 in the State Union of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, a task was set before the NII-244 to create a new powerful noise-proof three-axis radar for the P-90 "Pamir". The antenna system of the Pamir radar was developed under the guidance of AR Volpert.
At that time, the development of the Pamir radar was successfully carried out at NII-244, the main TTX of which was very close to the parameters of the projected station of the Dahl system. The radar system of the Dal-1 5N21 system was created on the basis of the PAMIR-90 Pamir, and in appearance it is very similar to the latter. Differences - on the antenna-pivot device are additionally placed antenna devices SAZO and SEC.
The radar system of the "Dal" system was built on the principle that, without loss of tempo, one and the same radiated energy can be used simultaneously to determine all three target coordinates - azimuth, range and altitude. In the systems of early detection of aircraft and guidance of missiles in 1950s, a complex of several ground-based radar stations was usually used. Some of them performed the functions of target detection and rough definition of their coordinates, others - the guidance functions.
Due to the design features and accepted principles of space review, these radars did not have sufficient accuracy in determining the coordinates. In addition, the rate at which information was received was extremely low for targeting. Therefore, the data coming from the detection radar was used for the preliminary orientation of the guidance stations in order to increase their search capabilities. In turn, the guidance stations provided high accuracy of determining the coordinates and a high rate of data output. However, their search capabilities were very low. For these reasons, they could not work autonomously.
In the process of creating the radar, a large volume of scientific and experimental work was carried out, and a wide cooperation of scientific and industrial organizations was formed. Such a class of three-axis radar with high performance and power at that time was not found in any national collective. Thanks to the large stock that was available in NII- 244 (Topol, Kama, Glass, Altai ), the task was solved. In total, several P-90 Pamir radar systems were built and used by the air defense forces of the country. Use of the radar was discontinued in the late the 1970s.
BEER CAN
The BEER CAN radar traced a strange trajectory - initially seen as part of a Soviet ABM system, it soon faded from view. It seems possible that the initial identification of the cylindrical BEER CAN structure was a mis-identification of the FLAT FACE radar which was mounted on a similar cylindrical structure. In any event, the BEER CAN nomenclature quickly evaporated.
The BEER CAN platforms had been identified at four locations in the Soviet Union: Kapustin Yar, Verkhnyaya Salda, and at two of the Leningrad probable long range SAM complexes. Back-to-back radars had been observed on the "BEER CAN' platforms at Kapustin Yar and Verkhnyaya Salda. The deployment of the Parnu BEER CAN near the probable long range SAM complexes in the Baltic area (Tallinn, Liepaja, Kuressaare) was similar to that of the Verkhnyaya Salda BEER CAN which was deployed near the probable long range SAM complexes in the Urals (Sverdlowsk, Nizhnyaya Tura, Nizhniy Tagil).
A probable "BEER CAN" was identified at the facility formerly called the Parnu suspect electronic facility. Its platform measured approximately 130 ft in diameter. Rising above the platform was an unidentified structure which may be the antenna mount. A building similar in size to that at the Verkhnyaya Salda BEER CAN (approx 85 ft x 75 ft) was immediately SE. The probable BEER CAN was located at the center of the electronic facility adjacent to a linear service road which is approx 5600 ft in length and oriented NE/SW. A building presumably in support of additional unidentified radar components, was positioned at each end of the service road. Two probable radar mounds with associated loop roads were positioned approximately 700 ft and 1400 ft from the BEER CAN along the NE segment of the service road and an additional probable radar mound with an associated loop road was located along the SWw segment of the service road.
A support area containing approximately 7 buildings was immediately SE of the BEER CAN. The general appearance of the facility is simllar to that of the air warning facilities positioned around Leningrad although this facility was about twice the physical size of the Leningrad facilities.
The Kapustin Yar Radar Developmental Area is situated approximately 1 nautical mile (nm) north of the Kapustin Yar Airfield of the Vladimirovka Missile Test Center. One of the facilities within this area is a tall cylindrical structure on an elevated coaxial platform which at the Leningrad antimissile-missile / surface-to-air missile (AMM/SAM) launch complexes was assigned the designator BEER CAN. All measurements have been made by the Technical Intelligence Division, NPIC; all horizontal measurements were considered to be accurate and all heights were considered to be accurate.
The Radar Developmental Area, situated at 48°41'10"N 45°43'30"E, is double fenced, partially enclosed by a double firebreak, and road served. The following conponents of the area were analyzed in detail:
- Eastern Elevated Platform (BEER CAN)
- Western Elevated Platforn Associated Radars
- Four radar mounds (three occupied by BACK NET-type radars)
- Four height-finder radars
- Two height-findersradars
- TALL KING radar
The Eastern Elevated Platform (BEER CAN) was very similar to the 'outriggers' at the Leningrad AMM/SAM launch complexes. The roof the platform is 75 feet above ground in diameter. A cylindrical structure, 30 feet in diameter, extends 35 feet above the center of the platform, giving overall height of l00 feet for the platform and the structure. The top of the structure appears to be flat. A possible low parapet was situated on the outer rim of the platform and radial striations are visible on the surface of the platform, though the striations did not form any apparent uniform pattern. Immediately north of the BEER CAN was a self-supporting, lattice-type tower.
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