APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.1 Introduction This appendix provides detailed data that support impact assessments to air quality and acoustics addressed in the Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for Tritium Supply and Recycling sections 4.X.2 affected environment and 4.X.3 environmental impacts. The data presented includes background or ambient concentrations of criteria pollutants, emission inventories from site-related activities, and tritium supply and recycling- related emissions. The tables included in sections B.1.3.2 through B.1.3.6 contain site-specific baseline information applicable to air quality assessments. Section B.1.4 contains air quality emissions data relative to the tritium supply technologies and recycling alternatives considered in the program. Figures B.1.3.2-1, B.1.3.3-1, B.1.3.4-1, B.1.3.5-1, and B.1.3.6-1 contain wind rose data pertinent to the analysis of air emissions effects from baseline and No Action and also from tritium supply and recycling. Locations of air monitoring stations from which air quality data were collected are provided in figures B.1.3.2-2, B.1.3.4-2, and B.1.3.6-2. -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.2 Methodology and Models TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.2 Methodology and Models The assessment of potential impacts to air quality is based upon comparison of proposed project effects with applicable standards and guidelines. The assessment of these emissions used the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for point, area, and volume sources which estimates dispersion of emissions from these sources. The performance of the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model has been evaluated with field data for its point source submodel (EPA1977a; EPRI1983a; EPRI1985a; EPRI1988a) and for its special features, such as gravitational settling/dry deposition option (EPA1981a; EPA1982a) and building downwash option (APCA1986a; EPA1981a). The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model is an extended vision of the single source (CRSTER) model. From the validation studies for the point source model (the CRSTER model) based on field data measured at four large power plants, it was concluded that the model acceptably predicts the upper percentile of the frequency distribution of 1-hour concentrations and of the corresponding distributions of 24-hour concentrations. Concentrations over the remainder of the frequency distributions are significantly underpredicted. The second-highest 1-hour concentrations were predicted within a factor of 2 at two-thirds of the field sampling sites for elevated power plant plumes. The second-highest 24-hour concentrations tended to be underpredicted by the model, with the ratio of predicted concentration to measured concentration ranging from 0.2 to 2.7 at about 90percent of the sampling sites (EPA1977a:F-31). In other validation studies for the point source model, the CRSTER model predicted peak short-term (1-,3-, and 24-hour) concentration values within 30to 70percent at a plain site (EPRI1983a:7-1). The CRSTER model predicted peak 1-hour concentrations within 2percent and underpredicted peak 3-hour concentrations by approximately 30percent at a moderately complex terrain site (EPRI1985a:7-1). The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model overpredicted 1-hour concentrations by approximately 60percent with better predictions for longer time periods at an urban site (EPRI1988a:5-2). Uses of gravitational settling/dry deposition and building downwash options were found to improve the model performance significantly over that of the model without such features (APCA1986a; EPA1981a; EPA1982a). The air quality modeling analysis performed for the candidate sites is a "screening level" analysis incorporating conservative assumptions applied to each of the sites such that the impacts associated with the respective alternatives could be compared among the sites. These conservative assumptions will overestimate the pollutant concentrations at each of the sites. The assumptions incorporated into the air quality modeling at each site are as follows: major source criteria pollutant emissions were modeled using actual source locations and stack parameters to determine environmental baseline and No Action criteria pollutant concentrations; toxic/hazardous pollutant emissions were modeled from a single source centrally located within the complex of facilities on each site assuming a 10-meter stack height, a stack diameter of 1-foot, stack exit temperature equal to ambient temperature, and a stack exit velocity equal to 0.01 meters per second. Emissions from the tritium supply and recycling facilities were located at the proposed tritium supply site (TSS) identified for each site assuming a single stack 10 meters in height, a stack diameter of 1-foot, stack exit temperature equal to ambient temperature, and stack exit velocity equal to 0.01 meters per second. These assumptions would tend to overestimate pollutant concentrations since no credit is given to spatial and temporal variations of emission sources. Potential impacts on air quality from construction were assessed on a qualitative basis. A more detailed and quantitative assessment will be done in the site-specific National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documents. This PEIS assessment of impacts from operation of the alternatives under consideration used a "screening" level analysis and was based on conservative assumptions for modeling of potential impacts. The assessment in the site-specific tiered NEPAdocuments would be more refined, with detailed design source characteristics and exact source emission locations. -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.3 Supporting Data TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.3 Supporting Data -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.3.1 Overview TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.3 Supporting Data B.1.3.1 Overview This section provides supporting information related to the meteorology for each of the five candidate sites for tritium supply and recycling. Table B.1.3.1-1 presents the air quality standards applicable to each site, while table B.1.3.1-2 presents maximum allowable Prevention of Significant Deterioration concentration increments also applicable to each site. Table B.1.3.1-3 presents the pollutant emissions from a typical natural gas-fired power plant. These emissions represent the expected increase in pollutants if a dedicated power plant were constructed to support the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) technology. Thepercent increase in expected emissions is identified in each air quality impact section for each potential site in chapter 4. Additional tables are presented for each site for background monitoring stations, applicable air monitoring data, and relevant emissions inventory. Figures depicting annual mean wind speeds and wind direction frequencies for each site and locations of ambient air quality monitoring stations are presented for those sites which conduct monitoring of ambient air quality. Table B.1.3.1-1.-Ambient Air Quality Standards Applicable to the Candidate Sites Pollutant Averaging Primary Secondary Idaho Nevada Tennessee Texas Georgia and Time NAAQS NAAQS (INEL) (NTS) (ORR) (Pantex) South Carolina (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (SRS) (ug/m3) Criteria Pollutant Carbon 8-hour 10,000 c 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 monoxide - 1-hour 40,000 c 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 Lead Calendar 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 quarter Nitrogen Annual 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 dioxide Ozone 1-hour 235 235 235 235 235 235 235 Particulate Annual 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 matter - 24-hour 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 Sulfur dioxide Annual 80 c 80 80 80 80 80 - 24-hour 365 c 365 365 365 365 365 - 3-hour c 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 Other Mandated Pollutants Beryllium 24-hour c c c c c 0.01 c Hydrogen 30-day c c c c 1.2 0.8 0.8 fluoride - 7-day c c c c 1.6 1.6 1.6 - 24-hour c c c c 2.9 2.9 2.9 - 12-hour c c c c 3.7 3.7 3.7 - 8-hour c c c c 250 c c Hydrogen 1-hour c c c 112 c c c sulfide Total suspended Annual c c 60 c c c 75 particulates - 24-hour c c 150 c 150 c c Table B.1.3.1-2.-Maximum Allowable Prevention of Significant Deterioration Concentration Increments for the Candidate Sites Pollutant Averaging Time Prevention of Significant Deterioration Increment (mg/m3) - - Class I Class II Class III Nitrogen dioxide Annual 2.5 25 50 Particulate matter Annual 4 17 34 - 24-hour 8 30 60 Sulfur dioxide Annual 2 20 40 - 24-hour 5 91 182 - 3-hour 25 512 700 Table B.1.3.1-3.-Pollutant Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Turbines Pollutants Emission Factor Emission Rate (lb/MMBtu) (tons/yr) Ammoniab 0.0065 58.301 Carbon dioxide 112 1,004,568.768 Carbon monoxide 0.0084 75.343 Formaldehydeb 0.0027 24.217 Sulfur oxides (as SO2) 0.0006 5.382 Nonmethane hydrocarbonsb 0.0032 28.702 Nitrogen oxides 0.035 313.928 Particulate matter 0.02 179.387 Total organic compounds (as methane) 0.014 125.571 Volatile organic compounds 0.024 215.265 -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.3.2 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.3 Supporting Data B.1.3.2 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory This section provides information on meteorology and climatology, atmospheric dispersion characteristics, annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies (figure B.1.3.2-1), and locations of ambient air quality monitoring stations (figure B.1.3.2-2) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). Air quality monitoring data and emission source inventories for criteria pollutants are presented in tables B.1.3.2-1 and B.1.3.2-2, respectively. Table B.1.3.2-3 presents Prevention of Significant Deterioration Sources and nearby Class I areas. Emission rates and maximum site boundary concentrations of toxic/hazardous air pollutants and estimated ambient concentrations of criteria pollutants from baseline sources are presented in tables B.1.3.2-4 and B.1.3.2-5, respectively. This information supports data presented in section 4.2.2.3. Meteorology and Climatology. Prevailing wind directions are from the southwest to west-southwest with a secondary maximum frequency from the north-northeast to northeast. FigureB.1.3.2-1 shows annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies for 1986 at the 33-foot level of the INEL meteorological tower. The average annual wind speed measured at the 20-foot level at the Central Facilities Area Weather Station is 7.5 miles per hour (mph). Monthly average wind speeds range from 5.1mph in December to 9.3mph in April and May. The average annual temperature is 42F; the average monthly range is from 16F in January to 68F in July (NOAA 1991d:3). The average annual relative humidity is 50percent, with average monthly values ranging from 30percent in July to 70percent in February. The average annual precipitation is 9.1inches. The average monthly precipitation ranges from 0.4inches in July to 1.28inches in May. A large portion of the precipitation occurs as snow during winter. The average annual snowfall is 42.6inches. The maximum instantaneous wind gust recorded at the Central Facilities Area Weather Station (20-foot level) was 78mph from the west-southwest, and the maximum hourly average wind speed, also from the west-southwest, was 51mph (IN DOE 1989b:28,30). The months of June, July, and August each average two to three thunderstorm days. Hail storms occur occasionally, with the hail usually smaller than 0.25inches in diameter. Tornadoes are very infrequent in the area. Between 1950 and 1989, a total of five funnel clouds and no tornadoes were sighted within the boundary of INEL. The estimated proba- bility of a tornado striking a point at INEL is 6 in 10 million per year (NRC 1986a:32). Atmospheric Dispersion Characteristics. Data collected at the Central Facilities Area Weather Station for calendar year 1986 indicate that unstable conditions occur approximately 38percent of the time, neutral conditions approximately 4percent of the time, and stable conditions approximately 58percent of the time, on an annual basis. Figure (Page B-5) Figure B.1.3.2-1.-Wind Distribution at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1986 (33-foot level). Figure (Page B-6) Figure B.1.3.2-2.- Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Table B.1.3.2-1.-Ambient Air Quality at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Monitoring - Ambient Concentration (mg/m3) Station - Time Period Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Particulate Total Suspended Oxide Matter Particulates - - Annual Max. Max. Annual Annual Max. Annual Max. 24-hour 3-hour 24-hour 24-hour Central July 1989- b b b b 14 32 40 88 Facility Area June 1990 Experimental Jan. 1990- b b b 5 b b b b Field Station Dec. 1990 Van Buren Oct. 1989- 0.2 8 14 b b b b b Station Mar. 1991 Table B.1.3.2-2.-Source Emission Inventory for Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1989 - Criteria Pollutant - Emission Rate (lb/hr) Source Carbon Lead Nitrogen Particulate Sulfur Monoxide Oxide Matter Dioxide Argonne National Laboratory-West 18 9.6 0.000514 1.26 3.74 13.9 Argonne National Laboratory-West 19 0.55 0.000010 0.017 0.18 0.25 Central Facilities Area 20 6.21 0.000449 1.05 25.6 12.2 Central Facilities Area 21 0.64 0.000046 0.16 0.26 1.25 Idaho Chemical Processing Plant 22 119 0.000612 228 13.5 18.5 Idaho Chemical Processing Plant 23 12.3 0.025100 19.4 5.57 6.45 Power Burst Facility 24 2.28 0.000026 0.027 9.2 0.71 Power Burst Facility 25 10.2 0.000009 0.055 0.03 0.26 Power Burst Facility 26 0.035 0.000008 0.011 0.001 0.23 Power Burst Facility 27 10.9 0.000019 0.25 0.34 0.9 Power Burst Facility 28 0.025 0.000006 0.018 0.01 0.17 Radioactive Waste Management 1.35 0.000016 0.073 0.44 0.41 Complex 29 Test Reactor Area 30 21.1 0.000226 22.8 8.76 6.08 Test Area North 31 7.68 0.000414 2.28 3.43 12.7 Test Area North 32 5.78 0.000329 3.88 2.24 8.97 Test Area North 33 0.85 0.000026 0.17 0.84 0.7 Source: IN DOE 1991e. Table B.1.3.2-3.-Prevention of Significant Deterioration Sources and Concentration Increments Consumed at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Boundary and Nearby Class I Area Prevention of Significant Deterioration Source Prevention of Significant Deterioration Concentration Description Location INEL Boundary Craters of the Moon Coal-Fired Steam Next to the Idaho <10percent of Class II allowable <20percent of Class I allowable sulfur Generating Plant Chemical Processing sulfur dioxide and total suspended dioxide and total suspended Plant particulates Prevention of Significant particulates Prevention of Significant Deterioration increments Deterioration increments Fuel Processing Idaho Chemical <1percent of Class II allowable <1percent of Class I allowable Restoration Facility Processing Plant nitrogen dioxide and Prevention of nitrogen dioxide and Prevention of Significant Deterioration increment Significant Deterioration increment Source: DOE 1992h. Table B.1.3.2-4.-Emission Rates and Maximum Site Boundary Concentration of Toxic/Hazardous Air Pollutants at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1989 Pollutant Emission Rate Maximum Annual Average Acceptable Ambient (tons/yr) Concentration Concentration (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Acetaldehyde 0.2 0.011 0.45 Ammonia 7.16 6 180 Arsenic 0.03 9.0x10-5 2.3x10-4 Benzene 0.58 0.029 0.12 Butadiene 0.43 1.0x10-3 3.6x10-3 Carbon tetrachloride 0.03 6.0x10-3 0.067 Chloroform 0.002 4.0x10-4 0.043 Cyclopentane 0.39 2.7 17,000 Formaldehyde 3.64 0.012 0.077 Hexavalent chromium 0.03 6.0x10-5 8.3x10-5 Hydrazine 0.01 1.0x10-6 3.4x10-4 Hydrocloric acid 1.65 0.98 7.5 Mercury 0.22 0.042 1 Methylene chloride 1.21 0.006 0.24 Naphalene 0.02 18 500 Nickel 1.1 2.7x10-3 4.2x10-3 Nitric acid 106.92 0.64 50 Perchloroethylene 1.08 0.11 2.1 Phophorus 0.23 0.3 1 Potassium hydroxide 2.31 0.2 20 Proprionaldehyde 0.12 0.3 4.3 Styrene 0.01 1.3 1,000 Toluene 0.64 370 3,750 Trichloroethylene 0.005 9.7x10-4 0.077 Trimethylbenzene 0.1 100 1,230 Trivalent chromium 0.04 0.036 5 Table B.1.3.2-5.-Estimated Ambient Concentration of Criteria Pollutants from Baseline Sources at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1991 Pollutant Averaging Time Most Stringent Maximum INEL Baseline Regulation or Background Contribution Concentration Guideline Concentrations Concentration (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Carbon monoxide 8-hour 10,000 b 284 284 - 1-hour 40,000 b 614 614 Lead Calendar Quarter 1.5 b 0.001 0.001 Nitrogen dioxide Annual 100 5 4 9 Ozone 1-hour 235 b b b Particulate matter Annual 50 14 5 19 - 24-hour 150 32 80 112 Sulfur dioxide Annual 80 0.2 6 6.2 - 24-hour 365 8 135 143 - 3-hour 1,300 14 579 593 Total suspended Annual 60 40 5 45 particulates - 24-hour 150 88 80 168 -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.3.3 Nevada Test Site TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.3 Supporting Data B.1.3.3 Nevada Test Site This section provides information on meteorology and climatology, atmospheric dispersion characteristics, and annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies (figure B.1.3.3-1) at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Air quality monitoring data, emission source inventories for criteria pollutants, and estimated ambient concentrations of criteria pollutants from existing sources at NTS are presented in tables B.1.3.3-1, B.1.3.3-2, and B.1.3.3-3, respectively. This information supports data presented in section 4.3.2.3. Meteorology and Climatology. Figure B.1.3.3-1 shows annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies for 1990 measured at the 33-foot level of Desert Rock National Weather Service station near NTS. Overall, predominating winds are southerly during summer and northerly during winter. The general downward slope in the terrain from north to south results in an intermediate scenario that is reflected in the characteristic diurnal wind reversal from southerly winds during the day to northerly winds at night. This north to south reversal is strongest in the summer and, on occasion, becomes intense enough to override the wind regime associated with large-scale pressure systems. Average annual wind speeds and direction vary with location. At higher elevations on Pahute Mesa, the average annual wind speed is 10.5mph. The prevailing wind direction during winter months is north-northeasterly, and during summer months, winds are southerly. In Yucca Flat the average annual wind speed is 7mph. The prevailing wind direction during winter months is north-northwesterly and during summer months is south-southwesterly. At Mercury, NV, the average annual wind speed is 8mph, with northwesterly prevailing winds during the winter months and southwesterly winds during the summer months. Elevation influences temperatures on NTS. At an elevation of 6,560 feet above mean sea level on Pahute Mesa, the average daily maximum/minimum temperatures are 40F/28F in January and 80F/62F in July. In Yucca Flat, 3,920 feet MSL, the average daily maximum/minimum temperatures are 51F/21F in January and 96F/57F in July. The extreme temperatures at Mercury are 69F/12F in January and 109F/59F in July. The average annual temperature in the NTS area is 66.3F (NOAA 1991d:3). Average monthly temperatures range from 44.5F in January to 89.8F in July. Relative humidity readings taken 4 times per day range from 11percent in June to 55percent in January and December. Annual precipitation in southern Nevada is very light and depends largely upon elevation. On NTS, the mesas receive an average annual precipitation of 9inches, which includes winter snow accumulations. The lower elevations receive approximately 6inches of precipitation annually, with occasional snow accumulations lasting only a few days (NT DOC 1968a). Precipitation usually falls in isolated showers with large variations in precipitation amounts within a shower area. Summer precipitation occurs mainly in July and August when intense heating of the ground below moist air masses triggers thunderstorm development. On rare occasions, a tropical storm will move northeastward from the coast of Mexico, bringing heavy precipitation during August and/or September. Wind speeds in excess of 60mph, with gusts up to 107mph may be expected to occur on a 100-year return period (NT DOC 1968a). Other than temperature extremes, severe weather in the region includes occasional thunderstorms, lightning, tornadoes, and sandstorms. Severe thunderstorms may produce high precipitation with durations of approximately one hour, and may create a potential for flash flooding (NT DOE 1983a:26). Tornadoes have been observed in the region but are infrequent. The estimated probability of a tornado striking a point at NTS is 3.0x10-7per year (NRC 1986a:32). Atmospheric Dispersion Characteristics. Data collected for calendar year 1990 indicate that unstable conditions occur approximately 25percent of the time, neutral conditions approximately 38percent, and stable conditions approximately 37percent, on an annual basis. Figure (Page B-10) Figure B.1.3.3-1.-Wind Distribution at Nevada Test Site, 1990 (33-foot level). Table B.1.3.3-1.-Ambient Air Quality Data for Nevada Test Site, 1990 - - Ambient Concentration (ug/m3) - Time Period Sulfur Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Particulate Matter Monitoring - Annual Max. Max. Max. Max. Annual Max. Station 24-hour 3-hour 8-hour 1-hour 24-hour Area 6 Aug.15, 1990- b 0 0 1,145 1,947 b 20.2 - Sep. 15, 1990 Area 12 Aug.15, 1990- b 15.7 52.4 2,290 2,748 b 45.4 - Sep. 15, 1990 Area 23 Aug. 15, 1990- b 39.3 65.4 1,374 1,374 b 78.3 - Sep. 15, 1990 Table B.1.3.3-2.-Source Emission Inventory for Nevada Test Site, 1992 - Criteria Pollutant-Emission Rate (lb/hr) Source Particulate Matter Sulfur Dioxide Area 1 Rotary Dryer 7.1 a Area 6 Boiler 2.9 2.5 Area 12 Boiler 2.8 2.8 Area 23 Boiler 3.1 3.6 Area 23 Boiler 2.8 2.8 Area 23 Incinerator 0.75 3.0 Table B.1.3.3-3.-Estimated Ambient Concentration of Criteria Pollutants from Existing Sources at Nevada Test Site, 1990 Pollutant Averaging Most Stringent Maximum NTS Baseline Time Regulation or Background Contribution Concentration Guideline Concentrations Concentration (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Carbon monoxide 8-hour 10,000 2,290 a 2,290 1-hour 40,000 2,748 a 2,748 Lead Quarter 1.5 b a a Nitrogen dioxide Annual 100 b a a Ozone 1-hour 235 b b b Particulate matter Annual 50 b 8.39 8.39 24-hour 150 78.3 94.3 172.6 Sulfur dioxide Annual 80 b 6.9 6.9 24-hour 365 39.3 77.7 117 3-hour 1,300 65.4 595.2 660.6 -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.3.4 Oak Ridge Reservation TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.3 Supporting Data B.1.3.4 Oak Ridge Reservation This section provides information on meteorology and climatology, atmospheric dispersion characteristics, annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies (figure B.1.3.4-1), and locations of ambient air quality monitoring stations (figure B.1.3.4-2) at the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR). Air quality monitoring data and emission source inventories for criteria pollutants at ORR are presented in tables B.1.3.4-1 and B.1.3.4-2, respectively. Emission rates and maximum site boundary or public access highways within the site boundary concentrations of toxic/hazardous air pollutants and estimated ambient concen- trations of criteria pollutants from existing sources at ORR are presented in tables B.1.3.4-3 and B.1.3.4-4, respectively. This information supports data presented in section 4.4.2.3. Meteorology and Climatology. The wind direction above the ridge tops and within the valley tends to follow the orientation of the valley. On an annual basis, the prevailing winds at the National Weather Service station in the city of Oak Ridge are either up-valley, from west to southwest, or down-valley, from east to northeast. Figure B.1.3.4-1 shows annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies for 1990 measured at the 98-foot level of the ORR meteorology tower. The prevailing wind directions are from the southwest and northeast quadrants. Annual mean wind speeds measured in the region are relatively low averaging 4.5mph at the National Weather Service station at the 46-foot level and 4.7mph at the 33-foot level at the ORR Bethel Valley monitoring station. The average annual temperature is 57.5F; temperatures vary from an average daily minimum of 27.7F in January to an average daily maximum of 87.2F in July. Relative humidity readings taken 4 times per day range from 51percent in April to 92percent in August and September (NOAA 1991c:3). The average annual precipitation measured in Bethel Valley is 51.5inches, while the average annual precipitation for the National Weather Service station in Oak Ridge is 54inches. The maximum monthly precipitation recorded at the National Weather Service station was 19.3inches in July 1967, while the maximum rainfall in a 24-hour period observed at the Oak Ridge National Weather Service station was 7.5inches recorded in August 1960. The average annual snowfall as measured at the Oak Ridge National Weather Service station is 10.1inches. Damaging winds are uncommon in the region. Peak gusts recorded in the area range from 60 to 69mph for the months of January through July; from 49 to 60mph for August, September, and December; and 36 to 45mph in October and November (ORNL 1982a). The fastest mile wind speed (the 1 mile passage of wind with the highest speed for the day) recorded at the Oak Ridge National Weather Service station for the period of record 1958 through 1979 was 59.1mph in January 1959. The extreme mile wind speed at 30 feet that is predicted to occur near ORR once in 100years is approximately 89mph. The approximate values for occurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50years are 64, 74, and 76mph, respectively (ORNL 1981:3.3-7). Between 1916 and 1972, there were 25 tornadoes reported in the counties of Tennessee having borders within about 40miles of ORR. The probability of a tornado striking a particular point in the vicinity of ORR is estimated to be 6.0x10-5 per year. The recur- rence interval associated with this probability is 16,550years (ORNL 1981a:3.3-7). On February 21, 1993, a tornado passed through the northeastern edge of ORR and caused considerable damage to a large number of structures in the nearby Union Valley Industrual Park. Damage from this tornado to ORR was relatively light. The wind speeds associated with this tornado ranged from 40mph to those approaching 130mph (OR DOE 1993c:iii). Atmospheric Dispersion Characteristics. Data collected at the ORR meteorological monitoring station (Y-12 Plant east tower) for calendar year 1990 indicate that unstable conditions occur approximately 23percent of the time, neutral conditions approximately 31 percent, and stable conditions approximately 46 percent, on an annual basis. Figure (Page B-13) Figure B.1.3.4-1.-Wind Distribution at Oak Ridge Reservation, 1990 (98-foot level). Figure (Page B-14) Figure B.1.3.4-2.-Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network at Oak Ridge Reservation, Y-12 Plant. Table B.1.3.4-1.-Ambient Air Quality Data for Oak Ridge Reservation, 1990 Monitoring Ambient Concentration (ug/m3) Station - Sulfur Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Total Suspended Particulate Leadc Fluoridec Oxides Particulates Matter, - Annual Max. Max. Max. Max. Annual Max. Annual Max. Max. Max. Max. 24-hour 3-hour 8-hour 1-hour 24-hour 24-hour Calendar 30-day 7-day Quarter Oak Ridge 27 73 321 d d d 73 8 54 0.05 0.06 0.03 Reservation Table B.1.3.4-2.-Source Emission Inventory for Oak Ridge Reservation, 1990-1992 - Criteria Pollutant-Emission Rate (lb/hr) Source Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxide Particulate Matter Sulfur Dioxide Y-9401 West Stack 4.63 81.65 0.2 33.84 Y-9401 East Stack 4.63 81.65 0.2 33.84 K-1501 Boiler 4 0.61 2.46 0.09 0.01 K-1501 Boiler 7 0.46 1.84 0.07 0.008 K-1501 Boiler 8 and 9 1.97 0.74 0.13 0.008 K-25 Toxic Substance Control Act Incinerator - - 2.06 0.58 X-2519-1 9.84 27.56 1.19 176.59 X-2519-2 1.68 27.56 1.19 176.59 X-2519-3 and 4 - - 0.32 0.075 Source: OR DOE 1993a. Table B.1.3.4-3.-Emission Rates and Maximum Site Boundary Concentration of Toxic/Hazardous Air Pollutants at Oak Ridge Reservation, 1992 Pollutant Emission Rate Maximum 8-hour Average Tennessee Department of Health (tons/yr) Concentration and Environment Standard (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Chlorine 1.82 4.1 150 Chlorodifluoromethane 3.85 16.4 354,000 Dichlorodifluoromethane 3.37 10.5 495,000 Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 10.04 24.1 699,000 Hydrochloric acid 7.72 57 750 Methyl alcohol 29.11 216 26,200 Nitric acid 10.5 78 520 Sulfuric acid 2.71 20 100 Tetrachloroethylene 13.5 100 33,900 Trichloroethane 0.82 6.1 191,000 Trichlorofluoromethane 8.8 46.2 562,000 Trichlorotrifluoroethane 3.02 10.1 767,000 Table B.1.3.4-4.-Estimated Ambient Concentration of Criteria Pollutants from Existing Sources at Oak Ridge Reservation, 1992 Pollutant Averaging Time Most Stringent Maximum Background ORR Contribution Baseline Concentrationa Regulation or Guideline Concentration Concentrationa (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Carbon monoxide 8-hour 10,000 b 5 5 1-hour 40,000 b 11 11 Lead Calendar quarter 1.5 0.05 c 0.05 Nitrogen dioxide Annual 100 b 3 3 Particulate matter Annual 50 8 <1 9 24-hour 150 54 2 56 Sulfur dioxide Annual 80 27 2 29 24-hour 365 73 32 105 3-hour 1,300 321 80 401 Total suspended particulates 24-hour 150 73 2 75 -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.3.5 Pantex Plant TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.3 Supporting Data B.1.3.5 Pantex Plant This section provides information on meteorology and climatology, atmospheric dispersion characteristics, and annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies at Pantex Plant (Pantex) (figure B.1.3.5-1). Air quality monitoring data and emission source inventories for criteria pollutants at Pantex are presented in tables B.1.3.5-1 and B.1.3.5-2, respectively. Emission rates and maximum site boundary concentrations of toxic/hazardous air pollutants and estimated ambient concentrations of criteria pollutants from existing sources at Pantex are presented in tables B.1.3.5-3 and B.1.3.5-4, respectively. This information supports data presented in section 4.5.2.3. Meteorology And Climatology. Figure B.1.3.5-1 shows annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies for 1989 measured at the 33-foot level of the Amarillo National Weather Service station near Pantex. Prevailing wind directions are from the south to southwest. The average annual wind speed measured at the Amarillo National Weather Service station is 13.6mph. Monthly average wind speeds range from 12mph in August to 15.4mph in March (NOAA 1991c:3). The average annual temperature in the Amarillo region is about 57F, and ranges from an average of 36F in January to about 78F in July. Relative humidity readings taken 4 times per day range from 31percent in April to 80percent in September (NOAA 1991c:3). The average annual precipitation in Amarillo is 19.1inches (NOAA 1991c:3). Most of the annual precipitation falls during the months of April through October and usually occurs from thunderstorm activity and the intrusion of warm, moist tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico. Snowfall averages nearly 15.5inches. Snowfall has occurred in the area from October to April. The maximum 24-hour rainfall with a 100-year recurrence interval is approximately 6.5inches. On the average, the area can expect thunderstorms about 50 days per year, hail 4 days per year, and freezing rain 8 days per year. During the 30-year period between 1954 and 1983, a total of 107tornadoes were reported within a 1-degree latitude and longitude square area which includes Pantex. On average, less than four tornadoes occur in an area of 3,898 squaremiles surrounding Pantex per year. The estimated probability of a tornado striking a point at Pantex is 2.3x10-4 per year (NRC 1986a:32). Atmospheric Dispersion Characteristics. Data collected at the Amarillo National Weather Service station for 1989 indicate that unstable conditions occur approximately 16percent of the time, neutral conditions approximately 60 percent, and stable conditions approximately 24 percent, on an annual basis. Figure (Page B-18) Figure B.1.3.5-1.-Wind Distribution at Pantex Plant, 1989 (33-foot level). Table B.1.3.5-1.-Ambient Air Quality Data for Pantex Plant, 1986-1991 Monitoring Station - Ambient Concentration (mg/m3) - Time Period Particulate Matter Lead - - Annual Maximum Maximum 24-hour Calendar Quarter Bi-City-County Health Unit Jan. 1986-Apr. 1987 b b 0.07 417, Amarillo, TX Bi-City-County Health Unit Jan. 1986-Dec. 1988 26.5 67 b 417, Amarillo, TX Van Buren and 4th Street, Jan. 1990-Dec. 1991 21.4c 110 b Amarillo, TX Table B.1.3.5-2.-Source Emission Inventory for Pantex Plant, 1991 - Air Pollutant - Emission Rate (lb/hr) Source Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Particulate Sulfur Monoxide Fluoride Oxide Matter Dioxide Buildings 3.72 - 0.43 0.25 0.07 Natural gas boilers 1.77 - 7.1 0.25 0.06 Natural gas furnaces 0.13 - 0.67 0.02 - Natural gas water heaters 0.06 - 0.28 0.01 - Natural gas engines 2.38 - 18.46 - - Emergency electric generators 6.4 - 36 0.4 2.2 Diesel engines 82.64 - 352.23 25.15 23.43 Burning of high explosive wastes 4.38 - 0.21 2.42 - Burning of high explosives 15.4 5.89 9.31 - - Gasoline engines 44.39 - 1.15 0.07 0.07 Source: PX 1992a:9; PX 1992a:10. Table B.1.3.5-3.-Emission Rates and Maximum Site Boundary Concentration of Toxic/Hazardous Air Pollutants at Pantex Plant, 1991 Pollutant Emission Max. 1-hour Annual Average 30-minute Annual Rate Concentration Concentration Standard Standard (tons/yr) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3)b 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane 0.11 12.6 <0.01 c d 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.075 8.3 <0.01 19,100 1,910 2-Butoxyethanol 4.47 208.9 0.13 1,210 121 Acetone 6.82 341.1 0.2 5,900 590 Aliphatic hydrocarbons 0.11 19 <0.01 d d Aromatic hydrocarbons 0.15 27.2 <0.01 d d Aromatic petroleum distillate 0.08 13.6 <0.01 3,500 350 Butyl acetate 0.48 87 0.01 1,850 710 Butyl alcohol 0.18 31.6 0.01 1,220 150 Chlorodifluoromethane 0.1 4.9 <0.01 18,000 1,800 Cyanogen 0.26 161.8 0.01 210 21 Dichlorodifluoromethane 0.15 23.2 <0.01 49,500 4,950 Diesel fuel 0.05 2.4 <0.01 90 9 Ethyl alcohol 0.12 12.2 <0.01 18,800 1,880 Epoxy solvent 0.09 16.5 <0.01 d d Freon TF 0.53 24.8 0.02 d d Hydrocarbons 2.75 1,812 0.08 d d Hydrogen chloride 0.37 232.3 0.01 75 0.1 Isopropyl alcohol 0.74 127.3 0.02 7,856 980 Methyl ethyl ketone 0.53 92.8 0.02 3,900 590 Methyl alcohol 3.8 178.3 0.11 2,620 262 Methyl isobutyl ketone 0.06 5.4 <0.01 2,050 205 Tert-butyl-ether 0.18 1.9 0.01 d d Tetrahydrofuran 0.63 29.6 0.02 5,900 590 Toluene 4.41 236.2 0.13 3,750 375 Trichlorotrifluoroethane 0.14 7.3 <0.01 10,000 1,000 VM&P naptha 0.13 23.3 <0.01 3,500 350 Xylene 0.09 44.2 <0.01 3,700 435 Table B.1.3.5-4.-Estimated Ambient Concentration of Pollutants from Existing Sources at Pantex Plant, 1991 Pollutant Averaging Most Stringent Maximum Pantex Plant Baseline Time Regulation or Background Contribution Concentrationa Guideline Concentration Concentrationa (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Criteria Pollutant Carbon 8-hour 10,000 b 1,352 1,352 monoxide 1-hour 40,000 b 7,836 7,836 Lead Quarter 1.5 0.07 c 0.07 Nitrogen Annual 100 b 2 2 dioxide Ozone 1-hour 235 b b b Particulate Annual 50 26.5 0.07 27 matter 24-hour 150 110 4.35 114 Sulfur dioxide Annual 80 b 0.03 0.03 24-hour 365 b 24.33 24 3-hour 1,300 b 194.41 194 Mandated by Texas Beryllium 24-hour 0.01 b c c Hydrofluoric 30-day 0.8 b c c acid 7-day 1.6 b c c 24-hour 2.9 b c c 12-hour 3.7 b c c -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.3.6 Savannah River Site TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.3 Supporting Data B.1.3.6 Savannah River Site This section provides information on meteorology and climatology, atmospheric dispersion characteristics, annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies (figure B.1.3.6-1), and locations of ambient air quality monitoring stations (figure B.1.3.6-2) at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Air quality monitoring data and emission source inventories for criteria pollutants at SRS are presented in tables B.1.3.6-1 and B.1.3.6-2, respectively. Emission rates and maximum site boundary concentrations of toxic/hazardous air pollutants and estimated ambient concentrations of criteria pollutants from existing sources at SRS are presented in tables B.1.3.6-3 and B.1.3.6-4, respectively. Thisinformation supports data presented in section4.6.2.3. Meteorology and Climatology. Figure B.1.3.6-1 shows annual mean wind speeds and direction frequencies for 1985 measured at the 200-foot level of the SRS H-Area Weather Station. The wind data from the site indicate that there is no predominant wind direction at SRS. The maximum directional frequencies are from the northeast or the west. The average annual wind speed measured is 12.8mph. Monthly average wind speeds range from 11.2mph from June through August, to 15.1mph in February. The average annual temperature at SRS is 64F; the average monthly range is from 45F in January to 81F in July. Relative humidity readings taken 4times per day range from 36percent in April to 98percent in August. The average annual precipitation at SRS is 48inches. Precipitation is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with the highest precipitation in summer (14.2inches) and the lowest in autumn (8.8inches). Although snow can fall from October through March, the average annual snowfall is only 1.2inches; large snowfalls are rare. Winter storms in the SRS area occasionally bring strong and gusty surface winds with speeds as high as 72mph. Thunderstorms can generate winds with speeds as high as 40mph and even stronger gusts. The fastest 1-minute wind speed recorded at Augusta between 1950 and 1986 was 83mph (NOAA1991c:3). The average number of thunderstorm days per year at SRS is 56. From 1954 to 1983, 37 tornadoes were reported for a 1-degree square of latitude and longitude that includes SRS. This frequency of occurrence amounts to an average of about one tornado per year. The estimated probability of a tornado striking a point at SRS is 7.0x10-5 per year (NRC 1986a:32). Since operations began at SRS in 1953, six tornadoes have been confirmed on or near SRS. Nothing more than light damage was reported in any of these storms, with the exception of a tornado in October 1989. That tornado caused considerable damage to timber resources in an undeveloped wooded area of SRS (WSRC 1990a:1). From 1899 to 1980, 13 hurricanes occurred in Georgia and South Carolina, for an average frequency of about one hurricane every 6years. Three hurricanes were classified as major. Because SRS is about 100miles inland, the winds associated with hurricanes have usually diminished below hurricane force (greater than or equal to a sustained speed of 75mph) before reaching the site (DOE1992e:4-115). Atmospheric Dispersion Characteristics. Data collected at the SRS meteorological monitoring station for 1985 indicate that unstable conditions occur approximately 51percent of the time, neutral conditions approximately 27percent of the time, and stable conditions approximately 22percent of the time, on an annual basis. Figure (Page B-22) Figure B.1.3.6-1.-Wind Distribution at Savannah River Site, 1985 (200-foot level). Figure (Page B-23) Figure B.1.3.6-2.-Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Meteorological Stations at Savannah River Site. Table B.1.3.6-1.-Ambient Air Quality Data for Savannah River Site, 1985 - Ambient Concentration (ug/m3) - Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Total Suspended Particulate Ozone Oxides Particulates Matter Monitoring Station Annual Max. Max. Annual Annual Max. Annual Max. Max. 24-hour 3-hour 24-hour 24-hour 1-hour Savannah River Site 5 34 48 6 27 47 27 47 235 Table B.1.3.6-2.-Source Emission Inventory for Savannah River Site, 1987 [Page 1 of 3] Source Criteria Pollutant-Emission Rate - Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxide Particulate Matter Sulfur Dioxide - Stack Area Stack Area Stack Area Stack Area (lb/hr) (lb/hr/ft2) (lb/hr) (lb/hr/ft2) (lb/hr) (lb/hr/ft2) (lb/hr) (lb/hr/ft2) 784-A Boiler 1 14 - 39.13 - 10.16 - 106.8 - 784-A Boiler 2 14 - 39.13 - 10.16 - 106.8 - 484-D Boiler 1 9.6 - 544.9 - 21.67 - 743 - 484-D Boiler 2 9.6 - 544.9 - 21.67 - 743 - 484-D Boiler 3 9.6 - 544.9 - 21.67 - 743 - 484-D Boiler 4 9.6 - 544.9 - 21.67 - 743 - 284-H Boiler 1 14 - 39.13 - 10.16 - 106.8 - 284-H Boiler 2 14 - 39.13 - 10.16 - 106.8 - 284-H Boiler 3 14 - 39.13 - 10.16 - 106.8 - 184-K Boiler 1 1.1 - 11.98 - 2.7 - 92 - 184-K Boiler 2 1.1 - 11.98 - 2.7 - 92 - 184-P Boiler 1 1.1 - 11.98 - 2.7 - 92 - H Diesel Gen(2) 0.794 - 12.3 - 0.794 - 0.794 - F Diesel Gen(2) 0.714 - 9.6 - 0.714 - 0.714 - K Diesel Gen(2) 0.873 - 13.49 - 0.873 - 0.873 - L Diesel Gen(2) 0.873 - 13.49 - 0.873 - 0.873 - P Diesel Gen(2) 0.873 - 13.49 - 0.873 - 0.873 - Consolidated Incineration Facility 0.033 - 8.651 - - 5.0x10-4 0.079 - A Source - 2.8x10-7 - 6.3x10-6 - 2.1x10-7 - 1.9x10-6 D Source - 3.8x10-7 - 8.7x10-6 - 2.9x10-7 - 2.6x10-6 H Source - 3.3x10-7 - 7.6x10-6 - 2.5x10-7 - 2.3x10-6 F Source - 2.8x10-7 - 6.3x10-6 - 2.1x10-7 - 1.9x10-6 K Source - 6.1x10-7 - 1.4x10-5 - 4.6x10-7 - 4.2x10-6 L Source - 6.3x10-7 - 1.5x10-5 - 4.8x10-7 - 4.4x10-6 P Source - 6.7x10-7 - 1.5x10-5 - 5.0x10-7 8 4.6x10-6 S Source - 1.3x10-6 - 2.9x10-5 - 9.5x10-7 - 8.7x10-6 Z Source - 1.0x10-5 - 2.4x10-4 - 7.8x10-7 - 7.2x10-5 B source - 1.1x10-6 - 2.6x10-5 - 8.4x10-7 - 7.7x10-6 TNX Source - 3.8x10-6 - 8.8x10-5 - 2.9x10-6 - 2.6x10-5 C Source - 5.9x10-7 - 1.4x10-5 - 4.4x10-7 - 4.1x10-6 CS Source - 5.7x10-7 - 1.3x10-5 - 4.3x10-7 - 3.9x10-6 F Pu Separation - - 137 - - - - - H H3 Separation - - 6.826 - - - - - M Air Stripper - - 2.302 - - - - - Defense Waste Processing Facility Nitrate Process - - 8.413 - - - - - S Concrete Batch - - - - 45.4 - - - D Coal Pile Top 1.9x10-6 D Coal Pile Bottom 3.9x10-6 P Coal Pile 1.7x10-6 K Coal Pile 2.2x10-6 F Coal Pile 1.8x10-6 H Coal Pile 1.1x10-6 A Coal Pile 2.6x10-6 D Area Coal Crush 8.7x10-4 D Coal Handling Top 1.6x10-7 D Coal Handling Bottom 3.5x10-7 P Coal Handling 1.6x10-7 K Coal Handling 2.0x10-7 F Coal Handling 1.6x10-7 N Coal Handling 9.5x10-8 A Coal Handling 2.3x10-7 Source: SR NUS 1991a. Table B.1.3.6-3.-Emission Rates and Maximum Site Boundary Concentration of Toxic/Hazardous Air Pollutants at Savannah River Site, 1990 Pollutant Emission Rate Maximum 24-hour Proposed South Carolina (tons/yr) Average Concentration Ambient Standard (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Nitric acid 9.5 3.2 125 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 10.7 3.6 9,550 Trichlorotrifluoroethane 5.5 1.8 b Table B.1.3.6-4.-Estimated Ambient Concentration of Criteria Pollutants from Existing Sources at Savannah River Site, 1987 Pollutant Averaging Time Most Stringent Maximum Background SRS Contribution Baseline Concentrationa Regulations or Concentration, Concentrationa (ug/m3) Guidelines (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3) Carbon monoxide 8-hour 10,000 c 38 38 1-hour 40,000 c 154 154 Lead Calendar Quarter 1.5 c d d Nitrogen dioxide Annual 100 6 16 22 Ozone 1-hour 235 235 0 235 Particulate matter Annual 50 27 1 28 24-hour 150 47 17 64 Sulfur dioxide Annual 80 5 11 16 24-hour 365 34 232 266 3-hour 1,300 48 1,074 1,122 Total suspended Annual 75 27 2 29 particulates -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.1.4 Environmental Impacts TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.1 Air Quality B.1.4 Environmental Impacts Major sources of air pollutant emissions for each of the proposed actions at each site during construction and operation are described in sections 4.2.3.3, 4.3.3.3, 4.4.3.3, 4.5.3.3, and 4.6.3.3. The Environmental and Other Evaluations of Alternatives for Siting, Constructing, and Operating New Production Reactor Capacity (DOE/NP-0014) contains an analysis for sources due to construction of New Production Reactor capability. The analysis was performed for each of three tritium supply technologies: Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR), Light Water Reactor, and Heavy Water Reactor (HWR); which involves facilities considerably larger than those proposed for any of the technologies in this PEIS. The size of each of the tritium supply technologies proposed for each of the five candidate sites (INEL, NTS, ORR, Pantex, and SRS) is 3/8 of a full-sized New Production Reactor (DOE 1992h). The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model and conservative modeling assumptions were also used and performed in accordance with EPA's Guideline on Air Quality Models (EPA-450/2-78-027R) for the Environmental and Other Evaluations of Alternatives for Siting, Constructing, and Operating New Production Reactor Capacity (DOE/NP-0014). Resulting impacts for each of the "full-sized" tritium supply technologies were calculated to be less than applicable standards. For the purposes of this PEIS, it is considered that emissions from construction activities related to the proposed actions would be transitory in nature. It is expected that particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) and/or total suspended particluates (TSP) concentrations would be close to or exceed the 24-hour ambient standards during the peak construction period. These emissions would result from construction activities involving various heavy duty equipment, fuel usage from their operation, and emissions from increased traffic. This potential exceedance is typical of conditions that can occur for projects the size of this proposed action and would generally occur during dry and windy conditions. Appropriate mitigative actions would be followed, such as increased watering, to lower emissions. It is expected that, except for these potential transitory PM10 and/or TSP exceedances, all ambient concentrations of criteria and toxic pollutants at, or beyond, each of the site boundaries would remain below applicable national and state ambient air quality standards. Consequently, no emissions inventory is provided for the construction sources. Potential ambient air quality impacts of the emissions due to operation of each of the tritium supply technologies and recycling facilities at each site were analyzed using the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term computer code described in section B.1.2. The model input data include the emission inventories for the baseline and operation sources for each of the tritium supply technologies and recycling facilities. Emissions from the Large ALWR were used to determine pollutant concentrations since these represent the maximum emission rates from either the Large or Small ALWR. Tables B.1.4-1 through B.1.4-5 provide the emissions inventory at the sites considered for the potential receipt of the tritium supply and recycling facilities and for those sources considered to have a potential impact on ambient air quality related to the action. Tables 4.2.3.3-1, 4.3.3.3-1, 4.4.3.3-1, 4.5.3.3-1, and 4.6.3.3-1 provide a summary of the potential ambient air quality impacts from these sources. Table B.1.4-1.-Potential Air Emissions Resulting from Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (tons/year) [Page 1 of 2] - - Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling Pollutant 2010 HWR MHTGR ALWR APT Tritium No Action Recycling Criteria Pollutant Carbon monoxide 2,425 11.50 39.00 14.50 4.50 4.50 Nitrogen dioxide 3,307 21.00 55.50 48.00 6.00 6.00 Particulate matter 992 3.30 1.72 2.30 1.45 1.45 Sulfur dioxide 1,874 0.34 0.26 0.66 0.11 0.11 Total suspended particulatesa 992 3.30 1.72 2.30 1.45 1.45 Volatile organic compounds 90 1.60 0.94 6.15 0.65 0.65 Hazardous and Other Toxic Compounds 1,1,1-Trichloroethane b 0.20 0.065 4.60 b b Acetaldehyde 0.20 b b b b b Acetone b b b 2.00 b b Acetylene b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Ammonia 7.16 b b 1.05 b b Arsenic 0.03 b b b b b Benzene 0.58 b b b b b Butadiene 0.43 b b b b b Carbon tetrachloride 0.03 b b b b b Chloroform 0.002 b b b b b Cyclopentane 0.39 b b b b b Ethyl alcohol b 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Formaldehyde 3.64 b b b b b Hexavalent chromium 0.03 b b b b b Hydrazine 0.01 b b b b b Hydrochloric acid 1.65 b b b b b Mercury 0.22 b b b b b Methane b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Methyl alcohol b 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Methylene chloride 1.21 b b b b b Naphalene 0.02 b b b b b Hazardous and Other Toxic Compounds (Continued) Nickel 1.1 b b b b b Nitric acid 106.92 1.2 b 14 b b Perchloroethylene 1.08 b b b b b Phosphorus 0.23 b b b b b Potassium hydroxide 2.31 b b b b b Proprionaldehyde 0.12 b b b b b Styrene 0.01 b b b b b Toluene 0.64 b b b b b Trichloroethylene 0.005 b b b b b Trichlorotrifluoroethane b 8.5 b b b b Trimethlybenzene 0.1 b b b b b Trivalent chromium 0.04 b b b b b Table B.1.4-2.-Potential Air Emissions Resulting from Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling at Nevada Test Site (tons/year) Pollutant - Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling - 2010 HWR MHTGR ALWR APT Tritium No Action Recycling Criteria Pollutant Carbon monoxide 5 11.5 39 14.5 4.5 4.5 Nitrogen dioxide 41 21 55.5 48 6 6 Particulate matter 26 3.3 1.72 2.3 1.45 1.45 Sulfur dioxide 20 0.34 0.26 0.66 0.11 0.11 Total suspended particulatesa 26 3.3 1.72 2.3 1.45 1.45 Volatile organic compounds 1,1,1-Trichloroethane b 0.2 0.065 4.6 b b Acetone b b b 2 b b Acetylene b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Ammonia b b b 1.05 b b Ethyl alcohol b 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Methane b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Methyl alcohol b 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Nitric acid b 1.2 b 14 b b Trichlorotrifluoroethane b 8.5 b b b b Table B.1.4-3.-Potential Air Emissions Resulting from Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling at Oak Ridge Reservation (tons/year) Pollutant - Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling - 2010 HWR MHTGR ALWR APT Tritium No Action Recycling Criteria Pollutant Carbon monoxide 104 11.5 39 14.5 4.5 4.5 Nitrogen dioxide 960 21 55.5 48 6 6 Particulate matter 20 3.3 1.72 2.3 1.45 1.45 Sulfur dioxide 1,070 0.34 0.26 0.66 0.11 0.11 Total suspended 20 3.3 1.72 2.3 1.45 1.45 particulatesa Volatile organic compounds 4 1.6 0.94 6.15 0.65 0.65 Hazardous and Other Toxic Compounds 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.82 0.2 0.065 4.6 b b Acetone b b b 2 b b Acetylene b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Ammonia b b b 1.05 b b Chlorine 1.82 b b b b b Chlorodifluoromethane 3.85 b b b b b Dichlorodifluoromethane 3.37 b b b b b Ethyl alcohol b 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Hydrogen chloride 7.72 b b b b b Methane b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Methyl alcohol 29.11 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Nitric acid 10.5 1.2 b 14 b b Sulfuric acid 2.71 b b b b b Tetrachloroethylene 13.5 b b b b b Trichlorofluoromethane 8.8 b b b b b Trichlorotrifluoroethane 3.02 8.5 b b b b Table B.1.4-4.-Potential Air Emissions Resulting from Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling at Pantex Plant (tons/year) - - Tritium Supply Technologies and Recycling Pollutant 2010 HWR MHTGR ALWR APT Tritium No Action Recycling Criteria Pollutant Carbon monoxide 17 11.5 39 14.5 4.5 4.5 Nitrogen Dioxide 50 21 55.5 48 6 6 Particulate Matter 2.3 3.3 1.72 2.3 1.45 1.45 Sulfur Dioxide 1 0.34 0.26 0.66 0.11 0.11 Volatile Organic Compounds 14 1.6 0.94 6.15 0.65 0.65 Hazardous and Other Toxic Compounds 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.075 0.2 0.065 4.6 b b 1,1,2-Trichloro- 0.11 b b b b b 1,2,2-Trifluoroethane 2-Butoxyethanol 4.47 b b b b b Acetone 6.82 b b 2 b b Acetylene b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Ammonia b b b 1.05 b b Aliphatic hydrocarbons 0.11 b b b b b Aromatic hydrocarbons 0.15 b b b b b Aromatic petroleum distillate 0.08 b b b b b Butyl acetate 0.48 b b b b b Butyl alcohol 0.18 b b b b b Chlorodifluoromethane 0.1 b b b b b Cyanogen 0.26 b b b b b Dichlorodifluoromethane 0.15 b b b b b Diesel fuel 0.05 b b b b b Ethyl alcohol 0.12 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Epoxy solvent 0.09 b b b b b Freon TF 0.53 b b b b b Hydrocarbons 2.75 b b b b b Hydrogen chloride 0.37 b b b b b Hydrogen fluoride 0.46 b b b b b Isopropyl alcohol 0.74 b b b b b Methane b 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Methyl alcohol 3.8 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Methyl ethyl ketone 0.53 b b b b b Methyl isobutyl ketone 0.06 b b b b b Nitric acid b 1.2 b 14 b b Tert-butyl-ether 0.18 b b b b b Tetrahydrofuran 0.63 b b b b b Toluene 3.37 b b b b b Trichlorotrifluoroethane 0.14 8.5 b b b b VM&P naptha 0.13 b b b b b Xylene 0.09 b b b b b Table B.1.4-5.-Potential Air Emissions Resulting from Tritium Supply Technologies and Upgraded Recycling at Savannah River Site (tons/year) [Page 1 of 2] Pollutant - Tritium Supply Technologies and - - Recycling Upgrade - 2010 HWR MHTGR ALWR APT Tritium Tritium No Action Recycling Recycling Upgrade Phaseout Criteria Pollutant Carbon monoxide 462 21 48.5 24 14 14 (0.43) Nitrogen dioxide 3,129 55.55 90 82.5 40.5 40.5 (1.96) Particulate matter 531 20.85 19.27 19.85 19 19 (0.14) Sulfur dioxide 6,915 80.23 80.16 80.55 80 80 (0.13) Total suspended 1,021 1.95 0.37 0.95 0.1 0.1 b particulatesa Volatile organic b 1.25 0.59 5.8 0.3 0.3 b compounds Hazardous and Other Toxic Compounds 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1.2 0.2 0.065 b 4.6 b b 1,1,2-Trichloro- 0.08 b b b b b b 1,2,2-Trifluoroethane 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 1 b b b b b b Acetone b b b 2 b b b Acetylene b 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 b Acrolein 0.08 b b b b b b Acrylonitrile 0.08 b b b b b b Ammonia b b b 1.05 b b b Antimony 0.05 b b b b b b Benzene 124 b b b b b b Cadmium 0.05 b b b b b b Cadmium oxide 0.06 b b b b b b Chlorine 6.54 b b b b b b Dioctyl phthalate 0.12 b b b b b b Ethyl alcohol b 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 b Ethyl benzene 1.17 b b b b b b Ethyl glycol 0.44 b b b b b b Formic acid 1.6 b b b b b b Hexane 0.22 b b b b b b Hydrogen chloride 155 b b b b b b Hydrogen sulfide 4.53 b b b b b b Manganese 0.34 b b b b b b Mercury 0.17 b b b b b b Methane b 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 b Methyl alcohol 0.35 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 (0.007) Methyl ethyl ketone 4.41 b b b b b (0.005) Methyl isobutyl ketone 2.28 b b b b b b Methyl tert-butyl ether 1.71 b b b b b b Methylene chloride 1.19 b b b b b b Hazardous and Other Toxic Compounds (Continued) Nickel 0.24 b b b b b b Nickel oxide 0.05 b b b b b b Nitric acid 2.59 1.2 b 14 b b b Sodium hydroxide 0.35 b b b b b b Sulfuric acid 0.05 b b b b b b Tetrachloroethylene 28.8 b b b b b b Toluene 1.55 b b b b b (0.007) Trichloroethylene 9.8 b b b b b b Trichloromethane 28.3 b b b b b b Trichlorotrifluoroethane b 8.5 b b b b b Xylene 20.6 b b b b b (0.011) B.2 Acoustics B.2.1 Introduction This section provides a summary of local noise regulations. A qualitative discussion of construction and operation noise sources and the potential for noise impacts is provided in PEIS section 4.X.2 affected environment and 4.X.3 environmental impacts. Further analysis of construction and operation noise impacts, including traffic noise impacts and impacts from outside sources, has been deferred to the tiered, site-specific NEPA documents. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for occupational noise exposure (29 CFR 1910) are applicable for worker protection at the site, as discussed in section 5.5. B.2.2 Supporting Data This section provides a discussion of local noise regulations and presents any available sound level monitoring data for the sites. There are no community noise regulations applicable to INEL, NTS, andPantex. -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.2.2.1 Oak Ridge Reservation TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.2 Acoustics B.2.2 Supporting Data B.2.2.1 Oak Ridge Reservation Maximum allowable noise limits for the city of Oak Ridge are presented in table B.2.2.1-1. Table B.2.2.1-1.-City of Oak Ridge Maximum Allowable Noise Limits Applicable to Oak Ridge Reservation Adjacent Use Where Maximum Measured Sound Level (dBA) All residential Common lot line 50 districts Neighborhood Common lot line 55 business district General business Common lot line 60 district Industrial district Common lot line 65 Major street Street lot line 75 Secondary Street lot line 60 residential street Source: OR City 1985a. -TSAR_DOE_SECTION- B.2.2.2 Savannah River Site TABLE OF CONTENTS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling Volume II APPENDIX B: AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICS B.2 Acoustics B.2.2 Supporting Data B.2.2.2 Savannah River Site Ambient sound level data collected at SRS in 1989 and 1990 are summarized in Sound-Level Characterization of the Savannah River Site (SR NUS 1990a). The States of Georgia and South Carolina, and the counties where SRS is located, have not yet established noise regulations that specify acceptable community noise levels except for a provision of the Aiken County Nuisance Ordinance which limits daytime and nighttime noise by frequency band (table B.2.2.2-1). Table B.2.2.2-1.-Aiken County Maximum Allowable Noise Levels Frequency Nighttime (9:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m.) Band Sound Pressure Levels (dB) (Hz) - Nonresidential Residential Lot Lot Line Line 20 - 75 69 65 75 - 150 60 50 150 - 300 56 43 300 - 600 51 38 600 - 1,200 42 33 1,200 - 2,400 40 30 2,400 - 4,800 38 28 4,800 10,000 35 20
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