Iraq Survey Group Final Report
Iraq's Chemical Warfare Program
| Iraq's Chemical Warfare Program | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Key Findings | 1 | ||
| Evolution of the Chemical Warfare Program | 5 | ||
| Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline | 5 | ||
| The Early Years, 1960-1980: A Slow Start | 5 | ||
| The Chemical Corps and Al-Hasan Ibn-al-Haytham Research Foundation | 5 | ||
| Full Capability, 1981-1991: Ambition | 6 | ||
| Foundation of the Al Muthanna State Establishment | 6 | ||
| Agent Production Begins and Al Muthanna State Establishment Takes Shape | 6 | ||
| Early Weaponization: Simple Solutions | 8 | ||
| CW-A Permanent and Pivotal Strategic Weapon | 9 | ||
| The Decline, 1991-1996 | 9 | ||
| Destroying Iraqi Weapons | 9 | ||
| Recovery and Transition, 1996-2003 | 12 | ||
| Miscalculation, 2002-2003 | 13 | ||
| Command and Control | 14 | ||
| Preamble: Muddling Through After the Gulf War | 14 | ||
| Iraq Could Maintain CW Competence With Relative Ease | 15 | ||
| Infrastructure-Research and Development | 16 | ||
| Creation of the Iraqi Industrial Committee | 17 | ||
| The Power of the IIC | 17 | ||
| The IIC's Master Plan for Self-Reliance: The List of 1,000 Chemicals | 18 | ||
| Dual-Use Chemicals on the List of 1,000 Chemicals | 18 | ||
| Thionyl Chloride | 19 | ||
| DCC | 19 | ||
| Thiourea | 22 | ||
| Chemicals From the List Move Toward Production | 22 | ||
| Infrastructure-Production Capability | 23 | ||
| State of Chemical Industry at OIF-Limited Break-Out Capability | 24 | ||
| Weaponization | 29 | ||
| Suspect Munitions Activities | 29 | ||
| Disposition of CW Munitions Post-1991 | 29 | ||
| The 1991 Decision To Destroy Undeclared Weapons | 31 | ||
| Iraq Unilateral Weapons Destruction in 1991 | 31 | ||
| Destruction of Chemical Munitions, Bulk Agent, and Precursors | 31 | ||
| Chemical Munitions-Searching Military Depots and Caches | 33 | ||
| Investigating Ammunition Supply Points | 33 | ||
| Investigation | 34 | ||
| Investigating Captured Enemy Ammunition Points (CEA Consolidation Points) | 35 | ||
Annexes |
|||
| A. IIS Undeclared Research on Poisons and Toxins for Assassination | 43 | ||
| B. Al Muthanna Chemical Weapons Complex | 61 | ||
| C. The Iraqi Industrial Committee | 85 | ||
| D. Tariq Company's Activities | 89 | ||
| E. Al-Abud Network | 93 | ||
| F. Detailed Preliminary Assessment of Chemical Weapons Findings | 97 | ||
| G. Chemical Warfare and the Defense of Baghdad | 107 | ||
| H. Summary of Key Findings at Captured Enemy Ammunition Consolidation Points | 113 | ||
| I. Review of 24 Iraqi Ammunition Supply Points | 123 | ||
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