Iraq Survey Group Final Report
Delivery Systems
| Biological Warfare | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Key Findings | 1 | ||
| Evolution of the Biological Warfare Program | 5 | ||
| The Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline | 5 | ||
| Evolution of the Biological Warfare Program | 5 | ||
| Ambition: The Early Years, 1960-1985 | 5 | ||
| Renewed Ambition and Near-Realization: 1985-1991 | 8 | ||
| The Beginning of the Decline: Opportunity Through Ambiguity and the End of the Game (1991-1996) | 11 | ||
| Recovery and Transition 1996-2003 | 15 | ||
| Research and Development | 18 | ||
| Building Human Capital | 19 | ||
| Research Facilities | 20 | ||
| Iraqi BW Agent Research | 20 | ||
| Bacillus anthracis ('Agent B') | 20 | ||
| Clostridium botulinum (Botulinum toxin, 'Agent A') | 21 | ||
| Clostridium perfringens ('Agent G') | 22 | ||
| Afl atoxin ('Agent C') | 22 | ||
| Brucella | 22 | ||
| Ricin | 23 | ||
| Wheat Cover Smut ('Agent D') | 25 | ||
| Viruses | 25 | ||
| Camel Pox | 27 | ||
| Smallpox | 28 | ||
| Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever | 32 | ||
| Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (Enterovirus 70) | 32 | ||
| Rotavirus | 32 | ||
| Other R&D Related to BW Development | 32 | ||
| Biopesticides | 32 | ||
| Single Cell Protein R&D | 34 | ||
| Growth Media R&D | 34 | ||
| Drying Process/Carrier/Particle size | 37 | ||
| Production Capability | 38 | ||
| Break-Out Production Capability Pre-OIF | 42 | ||
| Mobile Assets | 42 | ||
| Weaponization | 45 | ||
| Attempts at BW Weaponization | 47 | ||
| The Gulf War | 48 | ||
| Concealment And Destruction of Biological Weapons | 49 | ||
| Iraq's Initial WMD Concealment Effort | 49 | ||
| The Destruction of Iraq's BW | 50 | ||
| What Remained Hidden and Undeclared 1995-1998? | 53 | ||
| Weaponization Related Activities in the Years Following Desert Storm | 53 | ||
| Unresolved Issues | 56 | ||
| Program Direction | 56 | ||
| Research and Development | 56 | ||
| IIS Laboratories | 57 | ||
| Seedstocks | 57 | ||
| Disposition of Iraq's BW Program Culture Collection | 57 | ||
| Agent Production | 57 | ||
| Drying of BW Agents | 58 | ||
| Bacterial BW Agent Production and Storage | 58 | ||
| Weaponization | 59 | ||
Annexes |
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| A. Bulk BW Agents | 61 | ||
| B. BW Research and Development Facilities | 63 | ||
| C. ISG Investigation of Iraq's Reported Mobile Biological Warfare Agent Production Capability | 73 | ||
| D. Trailers Suspected of Being Mobil BW Agent Production Units | 79 | ||
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