Yak-38 FORGER (YAKOVLEV) - Design
In the history of this aircraft is closely intertwined much: the share of hard pioneering and daring flights over the vast oceans that were considered prior to the undivided estate of US carrier-based aircraft, and development prospects, and unfulfilled hopes. Endowed with a modest military capabilities, the first Soviet attack vertically taking off the deck of the Yak-38 still made a significant contribution to the combat capability of the Navy of the USSR and the development of domestic aviation.
Occurrence class VTOL (VTOL) was predetermined by the development of aviation. During World War II high vulnerability became clear runways of airfields, which are difficult to defeat or even preclude the use of the surviving combat aircraft, and the emerging post-war growth of required runway length and the transition to a paved strip considerably exacerbated the problem. Marine aircraft carrier-based, too, was very interested in creating a VTOL aircraft, because their use is theoretically possible to reduce the time of departure of the shock group and made it possible to efficiently use small aircraft carriers and even the merchant navy ships have undergone a relatively simple improvement. In short, vertical take-off appeared to address many sensitive issues, and the emergence of a turbojet engine thrust-weight ratio significant increase naturally gave rise to the idea to turn down the jet.
The aircraft's wings are mid-mounted, delta-shaped with blunt tips and a negative slant. There is one turbo engine and two lift jets. There are two exhausts on the bottom of the rear fuselage. Large, semicircular air intakes are below the cockpit well forward of the wings. The fuselage is long and has a pointed nose and tapered tail section. The Yak-38 has a bubble canopy. The tail is swept-back and the tail fin is tapered with a square angular tip and a small step in the leading edge. Flats are mid-mounted on the body, swept-back, and tapered with a negative slant.
Yak-38M - a light attack aircraft taking off vertically ship and land-based, designed to fight the ground, surface and low-speed air targets in simple and adverse weather conditions. Under the scheme is an all-metal cantilever mid wing with a small aspect ratio, swept odnokilevym tail, retractable tricycle landing gear and a pressurized cabin.
The fuselage - semi-monocoque stringer. The cab pilot sealed, ventilation type, equipped with a set of high-altitude equipment. The complex emergency escape system includes an aircraft forced bailout SK-EM, ejection seat K-36VM class "0-0", the reset mechanism of the left hand with the pilot throttle, piromehanicheskaya system emergency release flap of the flashlight and special equipment flyer (high-altitude marine survival suit VMSK -4, helmet ZS-5A and emergency oxygen system, providing breath under water for 3 min.). The executive team at the bailout is served when the plane defined angles roll, dive, or nose-up, as well as in combination with the sign of the values of certain angles and angular velocities. The system turns off automatically when the nozzle lifting and sustainer engine at an angle greater than 67 ° from the vertical. The aircraft system of automatic recording of the flight parameters (SARPP) "Tester U3L" with emergency rescues operational storage "Edge-VM", placed in the rear fuselage and the prisoners in the armored corps, to shoot in an emergency. The housing has a beacon provided with buoyancy and to facilitate its search. Also in the rear fuselage mounted parachute braking system DCS-36M-dome parachute with an area of 13m2.
Wing Sweep angle on the leading edge of 45 °, the transverse V - 10 °, to install - 0 °. Wing profile at the root - P-53c-6, at the ending - S-12c-6. Equipped with ailerons, flaps and pull-out four-node suspension arms. For accommodation in the ship's hangar end of the wing folded upward by the hydraulic drive. The tail unit consists of a fixed stabilizer and fin with elevators and direction. steering booster height and ailerons, rudder - mechanical. Chassis tricycle, with a controlled front desk. Main landing wheels - braking, with low-pressure tires. Amortization - oil-air. The power plant consists of one lifting and sustainer engine (PMD) P-28-300 and two lift engines (PD), the RD-38. PMD is located in the middle part of the fuselage has a lateral air intakes and unregulated singlemode jet nozzle with two rotary nozzles connected transverse shaft. Rotating nozzles carried by the hydraulic drive. PD are arranged one after the other in front of the fuselage behind the cockpit. Air intakes PD closed flap equipped with bypass louvers, nozzles and closed doors, in the open position performs the function of aerodynamic vanes. Fuel (2750 kg) located in two internal integral fuel tank: in the compartment between the PD and the MIT and in the rear fuselage. It provides for suspension under the wing of two PTB to 400 kg.
For the operation of the aircraft on the vertical and transient conditions include a private jet management system, jet rudders which are located in the bow and aft fuselage and wingtips. A reactive working fluid control system serves as bleed air from the compressor MIT (up to 10 kg / s). To improve the management efficiency of the longitudinal vertical and transitional flight regimes implemented automatic change rod PD and PMD, carried out by a mechanical engine control systems. The aircraft is dubbed automatic control system SAU-36.
Flight and navigation, sighting, radio and electronic equipment Yak-38M provides a solution to combat missions during the day in simple and adverse weather conditions during ground and ship-based. The sighting equipment Yak-38M consists of a gunsight ASP-PFD-21 equipment and "Delta-NG2" radio command guidance missile Kh-23 (Kh-25MR).
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