Ministry of Heavy Machine Building - History
As for the management of machine building, the Ministry (People's Commissariat) of mechanical engineering arose and was abolished several times. The People's Commissariat of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR was formed on August 22, 1937 from the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR. On February 5, 1939 it was divided into three commissariats - the People's Commissariat of Heavy Machine Building USSR, the People's Commissariat of Medium Machine Building USSR and the People's Commissariat of General Mechanical Engineering of the USSR.
In 1948, the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering was re-established and absorbed the ministries of heavy engineering, transport engineering, and several other industrial ministries, but already in 1949 the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering was abolished. The Ministry of Heavy Machinery of the USSR, on March 5, 1953, was merged with the Ministry of Transport Engineering of the USSR, the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the USSR, the Ministry of Construction and Road Machinery of the USSR in one - the Ministry of Transport and Heavy Machine Building of the USSR.
After various reorganizations, the Ministry of Heavy Machinery was again formed in January 1956 under the division of the Ministry of Machine Building and Instrument Making of the USSR. May 10, 1957 it was abolished. At that moment, the branch economic ministries were liquidated and the management of industry and construction was organized on a territorial basis. In each territory councils of the national economy or Sovnarkhozes were formed.
The XX Congress of the CPSU is famous not only for Khrushchev's report "On the cult of the individual and its consequences." At this congress, a decision was made, prepared on the instructions of Khrushchev, Deputy Minister of Railways Beshchev secretly from his Minister LM Kaganovich about the transfer of railways to diesel and electric traction and the termination of the production of steam locomotives in the country. Prior to this "historic" decision, the industry of the USSR fully provided for the needs of the Ministry of Railways in locomotives - unpretentious machines, which could almost be produced in workshops. But after it, right up to the elimination of the USSR, about half of the need for locomotives had to be met by imports, since the domestic machine building industry has not been able to cope with the tasks of providing railways with much more precise and correspondingly complex locomotives and electric locomotives.
The arrival in 1964 of the new leadership of the country led to new changes in governance. First, the internal unity of the territories, regions and autonomies was restored, the separation of government bodies into rural and urban ones was eliminated, and rural districts were again disaggregated. Secondly, a return to the ministerial system of government was proclaimed, and the economic councils were abolished.
The Ministry of Construction, Road and Communal Machine Building of the USSR was formed on October 2, 1965. For the fourth time the Ministry of Heavy, Energy and Transport Engineering of the USSR was formed in the spring of 1968. In 1975 it was divided into two ministries - the Ministry of Heavy and Transport Engineering of the USSR and the Ministry of Power Engineering of the USSR, but in 1987 these ministries merged again, and a little later the enlargement was even more: unification with the USSR Ministry of Mechanical Engineering, the USSR Ministry of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Ministry of Construction, Road and Communal Machine Building of the USSR in one Ministry of Heavy Machine Building of the USSR.
On June 27, 1989 the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR, the Ministry of Chemical and Oil Machine Building of the USSR and the Ministry of Heavy, Energy and Transport Engineering of the USSR were united in one - the Ministry of Heavy Machine Building of the USSR. Ministry of Heavy, Energy and Transport Engineering of the USSR, was formed on October 2, 1965. On May 28, 1975 it was divided into two ministries - the Ministry of Heavy and Transport Engineering USSR and the Ministry of Power Engineering of the USSR.
Thus, with this or that name, the Ministry of Heavy Machine Building of the USSR united several sub-sectors : metallurgical engineering, mining, lifting and transport engineering, diesel locomotive and track engineering, car building, diesel engine building, boiler construction, turbine construction.
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