Ivan Susanin Project 97P Edge icebreaker
In the late 1960s the command of the Navy and the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR developed an interest in armed icebreakers. This was due to the need to control economic zones located in areas with difficult ice conditions. In addition, it was required to provide supervision at the edge of floating ice in the Arctic waters of the USSR, where icebreakers from the USA and Canada began to appear periodically "accidentally". It was impossible to send warships to displace them, as well as to distract the linear icebreakers serving the Northern Sea Route (and the latter did not carry permanent weapons).
Due to these circumstances, a decision is made to build a series of armed icebreakers - border patrol ships (PSKR). To simplify the task, it was decided to develop a new ship based on the project 97 icebreaker. As theoretical drawing and power of the power plant for a given displacement, practical experience plays a huge role here. All this leads to great conservatism in the design of icebreakers, and it is quite justified. That is why the adoption of the already proven icebreaker as a prototype of the new PSKR was fully justified.
The technical design was developed by the Central Design Bureau "Iceberg" and was completed in 1970. The chief designer at the stage of the technical design was A. N. Vasilevsky, and later - B. A. Oliger.
By its architectural type, it is a ship with an elongated forecastle. The hull is divided by the main transverse bulkheads into seven compartments; unsinkability is ensured when one or two adjacent compartments are flooded. The two-shaft main power plant makes it possible to obtain ice-breaking capacity up to 70 cm. As in most icebreakers, the principle of electric propulsion is implemented: three main 13D100 diesel engines operate on electric generators, and two main electric motors (with a gearless transmission) - on propellers. Five auxiliary 6Ch2B / 34 diesel generators are used to provide power to the ship's consumers.
The project 97P border patrol ships (PSKR) differs from the prototype in the absence of a nose rotor, an increased maximum length, a more developed superstructure (due to an increase in the crew size), made of aluminum-magnesium alloys (to reduce weight). To use the Ka-25PS helicopter, it was envisaged to create a landing area (on some ships with a retractable shelter) and the possibility of storing a small stock of aviation fuel. The total displacement of the ship increased by 800 tons in comparison with the prototype. During the construction and modernization work, the ships externally changed slightly - the height of the pipe and the location of the 30-mm submachine guns changed, some of them abandoned the Vympel radar.
To reduce the rolling, two damping tanks were installed. However, it was not possible to solve this problem until the end. Pounding in open water is exhausting for personnel and makes it difficult to use the helicopter. Because of this, the representatives of the 97P project received the nickname "baboons" from the sailors. Another disadvantage of the PSKR was their relatively low speed for this class of ships - 15.4 knots.
1973 - 1981 customers were handed over one ship per year. "Ivan Susanin" and "Ruslan" were built as patrol icebreakers for the Navy (weapons were later removed from them), the rest of the ships - as border patrol ships for the sea units of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR. Both versions of the project practically did not differ from each other.
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