2S35-1 Koalitsiya-SV-KSh
The basis for the "Coalition-SV-KSH" is the KamAZ-6560 chassis. Russia continues to try to implement the project of self-propelled guns on a wheeled chassis, better known as "Coalition-SV-KSH". The Russian Federation is very serious about switching, if not completely, then largely to a wheeled chassis for their SPGs. This direction will largely surpass such artillery mounts as 2S19M2 and 2S35. Like the base 2S35 self-propelled gun, the 2S35-1 self-propelled howitzer has an uninhabited fighting compartment. The ACS crew is housed in an armored chassis cab. Deployment time is up to one and a half minutes. Adoption of the ACS 2S35-1 is planned simultaneously with the basic version. Unlike the tracked version, the Koalitsiya-SV-KSh SG is located on a modified base of the KamAZ-6560 truck. The main modifications to the chassis concerned the reinforcement of the frame of the truck frame.
The 2S35-1 vehicle consists of an armored cabin installed on the base frame, an engine under it, a base with a rotary support and main armament, a fire control complex from it and transportable ammunition. The sides and the roof are installed along the entire perimeter of the base, forming a frame hull. The roof is made with a hole for the slewing ring, on which the tower with the main armament is installed. The internal volumes of the frame hull and turret form a single sealed fighting compartment.
Outriggers are installed on the base, outside the frame housing, the spot of contact with the ground when firing the object which is located outside the stern and sides of the object. The vehicle is made on the basis of a Russian automotive chassis with an 8x8 wheel arrangement and single-wheel wheels of the KAMA3-6560 type. The design provides a decrease in the weight characteristics and the cost of manufacturing the product.
The 152-mm howitzer 2S19 "Msta-S" for firing ammunition with separate loading, consists of a tracked chassis, a turrest mounted on a chassis slewing ring. The control compartment and the weapons compartment have a single working space and are located in the chassis and turret. The undercarriage consists of a tracked propeller and a suspension. The driver's workplace is located in the nose of the chassis, the rest of the crew are in the turret, where the main armament is installed, consisting of a 152 mm artillery gun and a transportable ammunition load for the gun, and a filtering unit. The engine-transmission compartment with a gearbox to the caterpillar propeller is located in the rear of the chassis, in an isolated compartment.
The turret is made with the possibility of circular rotation in the horizontal plane. A hydraulic system is installed on the floor of the turret to service the loading systems of the gun mount. The power supply of the control units consists of four storage batteries installed in the chassis case, which are recharged from a generator installed on an intermediate gearbox, which kinematically connects the main engine with gearboxes. The fuel system serving the main engine provides the self-propelled howitzer's range of 500 km. The total mass of the equipped vehicle is 42 tons.
Also known combat vehicle "Dana" with an artillery gun 152 mm, consisting of a chassis with a wheel arrangement of 8x8 and single-wheel wheels, with a rotary support for the main armament, a fire control complex from it and the ammunition being transported. In the front of the machine there is a control compartment for two workplaces. In the middle part, on the ceiling of the hull, there is a rotary support for an armored turret with a gun and a loading mechanism brought out to the outside. Two more workplaces are located inside the turret near the sides. A mechanized stowage for shells and charges with vertical installation of 40 rounds in them is installed in the chassis body on its bottom. Tower of circular rotation in the horizontal plane, But the structural design of the outriggers does not allow increasing the support dimension of the machine, which is necessary for stability when firing with a circular turret rotation within the sector of positive vertical gun aiming angles.
The problem to be solved by this design is the creation of a mobile modern self-propelled artillery gun of 152/155 mm caliber on a wheeled chassis of a domestic manufacturer without deteriorating the tactical and technical characteristics of similar products on a tracked chassis. The technical result is to reduce the weight characteristics and the cost of manufacturing the product.
The roof is made with a hole for the slewing support. A turret with the main armament, a 152 mm artillery gun, is installed on the rotary support. The internal volumes of the frame hull and turret form a single pressurized fighting compartment. Outriggers are installed on the base, outside the frame hull, the contact patch with the ground when the object is firing is located outside the aft and lateral sides of the object. The outriggers are made in the form of plates and are hingedly mounted on the base, one is in the stern, two are on the sides of the machine, with a preliminary rotation in the horizontal plane by 45° when installed on the ground. The lowering and raising of the base plates is carried out using hydraulic cylinders, powered by a hydraulic station. The spot of contact with the ground when firing the object is located outside the aft and the sides of the object.
The domestic automobile wheeled chassis of the KAMAZ-6560 type has a wheel arrangement of 8x8 and single wheels. An armored cabin is installed on the base frame of the chassis with inspection hatches, engine with transmission and suspension system, and slewing support. A turret is installed on the slewing support with the main armament - 152 mm artillery gun - a fire control complex from it, and ammunition. The base, installed along the entire perimeter of the side and the roof, form a frame body. The barrel of the artillery gun in the stowed position is fastened with elements of the marching device. The internal volumes of the frame hull and turret form a single sealed fighting compartment, rationally organizing the fighting compartment of the armored vehicle with the most comfortable living conditions.
The 152 mm self-propelled howitzer, enters a firing position, where in the stowed position, the artillery gun is secured by means of the stowed mount device. The inspection hatches are raised and fixed relative to the cabin. The remote base plates are raised and locked by fastening elements relative to the frame body. To transfer the armored vehicle object from the traveling position to the combat position, inspection hatches in the cockpit are automatically closed and locked and the barrel of the artillery gun located in the traveling device is unlocked fasteners.
The portable base plates are released and lowered to the ground, automatically turning off the sprung running system of the machine due to the operation of the hydraulic cylinders, while for the base plates it is necessary to first turn the curbstone horizontally away from the longitudinal axis of the machine by 45° and lock it.
At the time of firing, the force effect from the rollback of the barrel of the artillery gun is transmitted to the ground through the support plates, bypassing the frame of the chassis of the self-propelled howitzer. After the end of the firing, the base plates are automatically raised, followed by turning into the stowed position of the pedestal and locked with the help of hydraulic cylinders. The barrel of the gun is placed in the travel mount and locked. The hatches in the cockpit open and lock in a stowed manner.
Chinese experts notably criticized this wheeled artillery system, stimulated by an attempt to protect the Chinese self-propelled guns SH-1 from this potential competitor. Russian propaganda carried out an unprecedented informational pressure on the Ukrainian self-propelled gun "Bogdan" on a wheeled chassis. The pressure, which consisted primarily in the fact that Ukraine's prototype was a wheeled self-propelled guns not of a turret type. A similar concept, for example, is used by the French CAESAR ACS or the Israeli ATMOS 2000.
With the 2S35-1, a turret was placed on the KamAZ chassis, the weight of which, without ammunition, exceeds 13.5 tons. A full ammunition load is 70 rounds, the weight of which, depending on the type of ammunition, can vary from 3.5 tons to more than 4 tons. Thus, the maximum weight of the turret will be over 17-18 tons. In total with the mass of the KamAZ-6560 chassis (the standard 14.4 tons, but in this case, enhanced exact data about which is not available) the result weighs more than 32 tons - almost 2 times heavier than the CAESAR ACS and a third heavier than the ATMOS 2000. Of course, in comparison with the tracked ACS 2S35 "Coalition-SV", about 15 tons of mass were saved, but this indicator still creates a number of difficulties, namely, it loses the advantage of wheeled ACS, which gives them mobility and light weight.
In particular, the weight of this SPG will affect its off-road ability, especially taking into account the realities of the Russian Federation. Use in the field will have a number of limitations, because this ACS may turn out to be a trophy only because it will not get out of an ordinary swamp. Also, the weight and dimensions make adjustments to the transportability of this ACS, which in an operational mode over long distances will only be able to handle such aircraft as the An-124, which, in turn, the Russian Federation has in limited quantities and Russian enterprises still cannot resume their production.
One of the main arguments in favor of the wheeled chassis is its cheapness, in comparison with the tracked chassis. Perhaps in the case of the Russian Federation, where budgetary problems are becoming more acute every year, this was one of the most important and basic arguments in the transition to a similar arrangement of ACS in the future.
As a weapon, the Russians did not reinvent the wheel and simply placed the tower from the 2S35 "coalition-SV", with all the accompanying performance characteristics, on the KamAZ-6560. And this is perhaps the main disadvantage, demonstrating both the vulnerability of this ACS and the inability of Russian military design thought to go beyond the available capabilities.
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