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Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room [FMOR]

Al-Fath Al-Mubeen [AR = Great Conquest] is an operations room [AR = gharfa amliat] formed by Hay'at Tahrir Al-Sham in mid-2019. It announced that its goal is to manage and coordinate military operations in areas controlled by the " Syrian Salvation Government " in northern Syria in Idlib and the countryside of Aleppo , Latakia and Hama. It includes a number of Syrian opposition factions, formed with the aim of managing and coordinating military operations in northern Syria. An "operations room" is not a place for surgical procedures, but rather a Situation Room for crisis management, fully prepared for action in the field.

The the Turkish-supported Syrian Salvation Government (SSG), which administers liberated areas, underscored the necessity of military action. Prime Minister Eng. Muhammad al-Bashir said: “With the escalation of the criminal regime’s bombing of our people in the liberated areas, we have directed all government agencies to be on alert in anticipation of any emergency, especially with the increasing escalation during the past days.”

In the first battles of Aleppo, there were incidents of fighting between factions, most notably the attack by the factions of the "Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement" and the "Abu Amara Brigades" in November 2016 on the fighters of the "Fastaqim Kama Umirt Gathering", which includes fighters from the city of Aleppo. "Al-Zenki" and "Abu Amara" were able to control all the headquarters of the gathering in the eastern part of Aleppo. This was taking place inside the besieged eastern neighborhoods of Aleppo, while fierce battles were taking place in western Aleppo to try to break the siege imposed on them by government forces.

In 2019, the remaining factions in Idlib established the “Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room” to be responsible for coordinating operations in northern Syria. In mid-2020, Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham made a decision to unify military efforts, prevent the formation of any other military faction or operations room in the areas under its control, and confine military operations to the “Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room.” The process of unifying military efforts was not easy, and it faced opposition from various parties, but the organization was able to resolve it remarkably.

The Fath al-Mubeen Operations Room (FMOR) coalition rebranded itself as the Command of Military Operations (CMO) after a year-long restructuring process that began in 2023. This reformation introduced significant changes in operational procedures and inter-factional cohesion, creating a more streamlined and effective military structure. This is a crucial military coalition in the ongoing battles to defend and liberate Syria’s occupied territories. Representing a united front of various military factions, the CMO protects the liberated north and pushes forward with hopes of securing a future for the displaced and oppressed Syrian people. The transition was not merely a name change. The group adopted advanced command and control systems, integrating new military technologies to enhance its battlefield capabilities.

By modernizing its procedures, the CMO shifted to a more centralized and sophisticated operational model, making it better equipped to handle the complexities of contemporary warfare. This evolution reflects a broader strategic shift, as the coalition moves closer to functioning as a unified, institutionalized military entity. The new structure marks a departure from the previous patchwork of loosely coordinated factions, establishing a cohesive force capable of executing coordinated operations across multiple fronts. The Command of Military Operations’ institutionalized approach and unified structure marks a departure from fragmented, ad hoc operations of the past, paving the way for more effective and sustainable military organization.

In mid-2020, the organization issued a statement “on the unification of military efforts,” preventing the formation of any military faction or operations room in the areas under its control, and confining military operations to the “Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room.” In a press conference held in 2023, the movement announced a new arrangement for building the military force of the factions operating in the region, and said that this step contributed to "achieving a balance of power in the region."

The Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room announced its Operation "Do Not Weaken" against the Syrian army forces and its allies in the southeastern Idlib countryside in 2019, and announced its control over several villages in the first hours, including Ijaz, Sarouj, Istablat, and Rasm Al-Ward.

In 2023, FMOR carried out a series of infiltration missions in Latakia’s northern countryside, targeting regime strongholds and eliminating high-ranking officers. These actions were direct responses to regime attacks on civilians and underscored the coalition’s role as a defender of liberated territories. The group adopted a strategy of attrition, launching calculated operations striking high-value targets behind enemy lines that weaken regime forces while avoiding large-scale losses. By stretching Assad’s forces thin, they have created a military balance in the region, disrupting regime advances and protecting liberated areas.

"Deterrence of Aggression" is the military operation launched by the Syrian armed opposition factions in northwestern Syria on 27 November 2024.This was the first rupture of the lines of contact between the two sides in Idlib Governorate since the "Turkish-Russian" ceasefire agreement in March 2020. The operation came at a time when areas in the western countryside of Aleppo were the scene of clashes and heavy exchanges of shelling between regime forces and Iranian militias on the one hand, and the "Al-Fatah al-Mubin" factions on the other, in light of the regime forces intensifying their shelling on civilian areas.

The stated aim was to direct a "preemptive strike against the Syrian regime forces." The objectives of the military operation were announced by the spokesman for Al-Fatah's operations room, Al-Mubin Hassan Abdel-Ghani, saying that they are manifested in:

1. Disrupt the enemy's plans by directing a deliberate preemptive strike against their militia positions.
2. Defend civilians against the regime's military mobilizations threatening the security of liberated areas.
3. Return displaced persons to their homes.
4. Remove the influence of the regime and militias from opposition-controlled areas in northwest Syria and limit their repeated attacks on these areas through artillery and missile bombardments.

On the first day, Syrian opposition factions took control of 32 villages and points in the western countryside of Aleppo (Anatolia). The Al-Fath Al-Mubin operations room, which launched The operation was able to reach the outskirts of the city of Aleppo, the capital of northern Syria, on the third day and control 400 square kilometers in 56 towns and villages in Aleppo and Idlib, according to Anadolu Agency statistics.

"Al-Fath Al-Mubin" operations room [gharfa amaliyat al-fath al-mubain] was established by "Hay'at Tahrir Al-Sham" in mid-2019 and aimed to manage military operations in the areas controlled by the "Syrian Salvation Government" in northern Syria, in Idlib and the countryside of Aleppo, Latakia and Hama. It includes a number of Syrian opposition factions, including:

1. Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham: The largest and most important faction is a military bloc of Syrian armed factions. It is a military bloc of Syrian armed factions, formed from the merger of five factions: Jabhat Fateh al-Sham , Liwa al-Haqq, Jabhat Ansar al-Din, and Jaysh al-Sunna. Several battalions, brigades, and religious figures later joined it., and its creation was announced in 2017 after the start of the Astana negotiations between the Syrian government and the opposition, with Russian, Turkish and Iranian participation. It rejects these negotiations and considers them part of the "conspiracy against the Syrian revolution."

   Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (formerly Jabhat al-Nusra) is the most prominent and largest faction that controls the al-Fath al-Mubin Room. The establishment of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham was announced in 2017 after the start of the Astana negotiations between the Syrian government and the opposition, with Russian, Turkish and Iranian participation. It rejects these negotiations and considers them part of the "conspiracy against the Syrian revolution ."

   The organization did not officially announce the adoption of a clear ideological line, but was keen to emphasize that it is an independent entity that does not represent an extension of previous organizations and factions, and that its formation represents “a step in which all names have melted away.” The organization places the "overthrow of the Syrian regime" at the top of its priorities, and confirms that it represents a new phase in the stages of the Syrian revolution , in which the page of differences is turned and victories return, and that it came about against the backdrop of what the revolution is going through in terms of "conspiracies that are ravaging it, and internal strife that threatens its existence." Among the most prominent operations led by the organization in 2017 was the battle to control the Al-Manshiya neighborhood in Daraa, and targeting the branches of Military Security and State Security in the Al-Ghouta and Al-Mahta neighborhoods in the city of Homs with two simultaneous attacks.

2. National Liberation Front, part of the Syrian National Army (SNA), is a union between a group of Syrian armed opposition factions in Idlib governorate that was announced in August 2018, alongside the regime's threats to attack the region. The National Liberation Front is a union between a group of armed Syrian opposition factions in Idlib Governorate, and was announced in August 2018, coinciding with the Syrian army’s threats to attack this area. The formation includes major factions of the Free Syrian Army in northern Syria, including the " Syrian Liberation Front " and the Free Idlib Army. The Front announced that one of the goals of this formation is "to confront all attempts by the regime to advance towards the liberated areas."

   The "Syrian Liberation Front" was established in early 2018, and includes several movements, including the "Army of the Free" active in the Idlib region, the "Falcons of the Levant Brigades", the "Damascus Gathering", and the " Nour al-Din al-Zenki Brigades ". The Nour al-Din al-Zenki Brigades is an armed Islamic faction that emerged shortly after the outbreak of the Syrian revolution in 2011 to overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-Assad . It is based in the city of Aleppo and its countryside, and combines military and civilian work, but it has not been active since 2019.

3. Ahrar al-Sham Movement / Free Syrian Army: The Ahrar al-Sham movement was announced in 2011, when the Syrian revolution entered the armed conflict phase. It describes itself as a "comprehensive Islamic reformist and renewal movement, and one of the factions included and integrated within the Islamic Front." It says it is a "comprehensive military, political, social, and Islamic formation that aims to overthrow the Assad regime and build an Islamic state."

   The movement defined its mission as working to “liberate the land and the people and build an Islamic society in Syria through institutional work, and it derives its approach and the legitimacy of its existence from Islam.” The movement's fighters are active in various Syrian provinces, but its strength is concentrated in the provinces of Idlib and Aleppo in northern Syria, where its strength has emerged in confronting the Syrian army in several locations, such as Taoum, Taftanaz, Jabal al-Zawiya, Saraqib , Ariha, Binnish, and other villages in Idlib. Among the most important battles fought by the movement was the battle of the city of Raqqa in 2013, which was the first city to leave the control of the Syrian army, and the battle of Taftanaz military airport in the Idlib countryside in the same year.

4. Jaysh al-Izza (Army of Glory or Pride Army): Considered part of the "Free Army" opposed to the Syrian regime, it is concentrated in the northern countryside of Hama and is also widespread in Latakia. It was the first faction targeted by Russia at the beginning of its intervention in the Syrian war in 2015. It is part of the opposition " Free Syrian Army ", and is concentrated in the northern Hama countryside. It entered the front lines since the first day of the Syrian army's military campaign in the region. It is also deployed in Latakia, and it was the first faction targeted by Russia at the beginning of its intervention in the Syrian war in 2015. The "Army of Glory" refused to abide by the ceasefire decision on February 27, 2016 between the Syrian army and the opposition forces, due to the targeting of its headquarters by the Syrian army forces, and the continued displacement of Syrians from the region.

HTS had tried to push towards a military formation that included most, if not all, military factions in Idlib and its surroundings. Indeed, these efforts made by the local forces, with HTS at its head, seemed to have paid off in early 2022, as a military operations room was established under the name of Fathul Mubeen [Grand Victory] which consisted of the majority of military factions.

1. Ansar al-Islam
2. Hurras al-Din (Syrian al-Qaeda offshoot)
3. Jabhat Ansar al-Din
4. Liwa al-Muqatilin al-Ansar (under the leadership of Abu Malik al-Talli)
5. Tansiqiyat al-Jihad (under the leadership of Abu ‘Abd Ashida)

Operation "Do Not Weaken", and the Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room announced its launch against the Syrian army forces and its allies in the southeastern Idlib countryside in 2019, and announced its control over several villages in the first hours, including Ijaz, Sarouj, Istablat, and Rasm Al-Ward. The Al-Fath Al-Mubeen Operations Room (FMOR), an alliance of revolutionary factions active in northwestern Syria, announced that it carried out a series of retaliatory military operations in October against Assad regime forces and their allies. The operations are part of a coordinated response by revolutionary groups to counter the significant buildup of regime forces in the Idlib and Aleppo regions and counter ongoing assaults on civilians by Russian and Iranian-backed troops.

FMOR revealed that it had conducted 245 operations over the month of October, striking positions held by regime forces and their allies using various types of heavy weaponry. These operations were strategically directed at military installations across the western countryside of Aleppo, the eastern Idlib region, and northern Latakia in order to degrade the capability and will of Assad forces to attack the people in the liberated areas.

FMOR stated that the targeted sites included key regime positions, launch points for “suicide” drones, and artillery placements. Additionally, engineering fortification mechanisms in the western Aleppo countryside and the eastern Idlib area were subjected to these strikes. The report highlighted that these October operations resulted in the deaths of 11 regime fighters, including two officers – Col. Ayham Turkiya and Lt. Ali Mahmoud Ahmad. Furthermore, 15 regime soldiers were reported wounded. FMOR claimed significant material damage, with the destruction of four medium machine guns and two military vehicles during the attacks.

Sniper operations were another key component of FMOR’s offensive strategy. The group reported carrying out 35 sniper operations against regime forces and affiliated militias. These sniper activities were dispersed across key battlefronts, with 10 operations in southern Idlib, nine in eastern Idlib, eight in northern Latakia, six in western Aleppo, and four in northern Hama. The tactical use of sniper fire showcased FMOR’s efforts to weaken enemy positions and limit their mobility on these active fronts.

The report also pointed out that it successfully thwarted an infiltration attempt by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) on the Kabashin axis in the western Aleppo countryside. This defensive success demonstrates the readiness to confront various military threats, even from factions outside the Assad regime’s direct control.

The surge in FMOR’s military activity coincided with a notable increase in the regime and allied forces’ operations in northwestern Syria. The Assad regime, supported by Russia and Iran, has amplified its military buildup and intensified attacks, a pattern of violence observers say disproportionately impacts civilians in the liberated territories.

In mid-October 2024, the FMOR General Command emphasized its readiness for further escalations, vowing to defend the “liberated areas” and ensure the protection of civilians. “The regime and Iran are practicing continuous aggression against civilians in northern Syria,” a spokesperson for FMOR stated. “The factions of the Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room will remain prepared and ready for any revolutionary development and entitlement to defend the liberated area, protect it, and preserve its sanctities.”

Operation " Deterrence of Aggression " was launched on November 27, 2024, and its objectives were announced by Hassan Abdul Ghani, the spokesman for the Al-Fath Al-Mubin Operations Room, who said that it aims to direct a "preemptive strike against the Syrian regime forces", and is the first breach of the contact lines between the two parties in Idlib Governorate since the "Turkish-Russian" ceasefire agreement in March 2020.